ElasticSearch實戰系列三: ElasticSearch的JAVA API使用教程

前言

在上一篇中介紹了ElasticSearch實戰系列二: ElasticSearch的DSL語句使用教程---圖文詳解,本篇文章就來說解下 ElasticSearch 6.x官方Java API的使用。html

ElasticSearch JAVA API

目前市面上有幾種常見的ElasticSearch Java API架包,JestClient、SpringBoot整合的SpringData、Spring整合的ElasticsearchTemplate、Elasticsearch Bboss等一些開源架包,上述這些第三方整合的架包中,基本已經支持平常的使用,除了支持的ES版本會低一些而已。java

本文介紹的是ElasticSearch官方的Java High Level REST Client的使用,Java High Level REST Client是ElasticSearch官方目前推薦使用的,適用於6.x以上的版本,要求JDK在1.8以上,能夠很好的在大版本中進行兼容,而且該架包自身也包含Java Low Level REST Client中的方法,能夠應對一些特需的狀況進行特殊的處理, 它對於一些經常使用的方法封裝Restful風格,能夠直接對應操做名調用使用便可,支持同步和異步(Async)調用。git

這裏咱們的使用也能夠直接對應上一篇文章中的DSL語句使用,這樣的話能夠很是方便的對照和學習使用。github

在對下述進行操做時,咱們先來看下Elasticsearch Java High Level REST Client的初始化鏈接寫法吧。json

RestHighLevelClient client = new RestHighLevelClient(RestClient.builder(new HttpHost(elasticIp, elasticPort)));

是否是很簡單呢,關閉也很簡單,client不爲空直接close便可!api

1、新增數據

ElasticSearch能夠直接新增數據,只要你指定了index(索引庫名稱)和type(類型)便可。在新增的時候你能夠本身指定主鍵ID,也能夠不指定,由 ElasticSearch自身生成。Elasticsearch Java High Level REST Client新增數據提供了三種方法,這裏咱們就來看一下這三種寫法吧。緩存

新增數據代碼示例一,經過jsonString進行建立:app

String index = "test1";
    String type = "_doc";
    // 惟一編號
    String id = "1";
    IndexRequest request = new IndexRequest(index, type, id);

    String jsonString = "{" + "\"uid\":\"1234\","+ "\"phone\":\"12345678909\","+ "\"msgcode\":\"1\"," + "\"sendtime\":\"2019-03-14 01:57:04\","
            + "\"message\":\"xuwujing study Elasticsearch\"" + "}";
    request.source(jsonString, XContentType.JSON);
    IndexResponse indexResponse = client.index(request, RequestOptions.DEFAULT);

新增數據代碼示例二,經過map建立,會自動轉換成json的數據:異步

String index = "test1";
    String type = "_doc";
    // 惟一編號
    String id = "1";
    IndexRequest request = new IndexRequest(index, type, id);
    Map<String, Object> jsonMap = new HashMap<>();
    jsonMap.put("uid", 1234);
    jsonMap.put("phone", 12345678909L);
    jsonMap.put("msgcode", 1);
    jsonMap.put("sendtime", "2019-03-14 01:57:04");
    jsonMap.put("message", "xuwujing study Elasticsearch");
    request.source(jsonMap);
    IndexResponse indexResponse = client.index(request, RequestOptions.DEFAULT);

新增數據代碼示例三,經過XContentBuilder對象進行建立:elasticsearch

String index = "test1";
    String type = "_doc";
    // 惟一編號
    String id = "1";
    IndexRequest request = new IndexRequest(index, type, id);
    XContentBuilder builder = XContentFactory.jsonBuilder();
    builder.startObject();
    {
        builder.field("uid", 1234);
        builder.field("phone", 12345678909L);
        builder.field("msgcode", 1);
        builder.timeField("sendtime", "2019-03-14 01:57:04");
        builder.field("message", "xuwujing study Elasticsearch");
    }
    builder.endObject();
    request.source(builder);
    IndexResponse indexResponse = client.index(request, RequestOptions.DEFAULT);

上述三種方法中,我的推薦第二種,比較容易理解和使用。

2、建立索引庫

在上述示例中,咱們經過直接經過建立數據從而建立了索引庫,可是沒有建立索引庫而經過ES自身生成的這種並不友好,由於它會使用默認的配置,字段結構都是text(text的數據會分詞,在存儲的時候也會額外的佔用空間),分片和索引副本採用默認值,默認是5和1,ES的分片數在建立以後就不能修改,除非reindex,因此這裏咱們仍是指定數據模板進行建立。
使用JAVA API 建立索引庫的方法和上述中新增數據的同樣,有三種方式,不過這裏就只介紹一種。

新增索引庫的代碼示例:

private static void createIndex() throws IOException {
    String type = "_doc";
    String index = "test1";
    // setting 的值
    Map<String, Object> setmapping = new HashMap<>();
    // 分區數、副本數、緩存刷新時間
    setmapping.put("number_of_shards", 10);
    setmapping.put("number_of_replicas", 1);
    setmapping.put("refresh_interval", "5s");
    Map<String, Object> keyword = new HashMap<>();
    //設置類型
    keyword.put("type", "keyword");
    Map<String, Object> lon = new HashMap<>();
    //設置類型
    lon.put("type", "long");
    Map<String, Object> date = new HashMap<>();
    //設置類型
    date.put("type", "date");
    date.put("format", "yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss");

    Map<String, Object> jsonMap2 = new HashMap<>();
    Map<String, Object> properties = new HashMap<>();
    //設置字段message信息
    properties.put("uid", lon);
    properties.put("phone", lon);
    properties.put("msgcode", lon);
    properties.put("message", keyword);
    properties.put("sendtime", date);
    Map<String, Object> mapping = new HashMap<>();
    mapping.put("properties", properties);
    jsonMap2.put(type, mapping);

    GetIndexRequest getRequest = new GetIndexRequest();
    getRequest.indices(index);
    getRequest.local(false);
    getRequest.humanReadable(true);
    boolean exists2 = client.indices().exists(getRequest, RequestOptions.DEFAULT);
    //若是存在就不建立了
    if(exists2) {
        System.out.println(index+"索引庫已經存在!");
        return;
    }
    // 開始建立庫
    CreateIndexRequest request = new CreateIndexRequest(index);
    try {
        // 加載數據類型
        request.settings(setmapping);
        //設置mapping參數
        request.mapping(type, jsonMap2);
        //設置別名
        request.alias(new Alias("pancm_alias"));
        CreateIndexResponse createIndexResponse = client.indices().create(request, RequestOptions.DEFAULT);
        boolean falg = createIndexResponse.isAcknowledged();
        if(falg){
            System.out.println("建立索引庫:"+index+"成功!" );
        }
    } catch (IOException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    }

}

注:建立索引庫的時候,必定要先判斷索引庫是否存在!!!
這裏建立索引庫的時候順便也指定了別名(alias),這個別名是一個好東西,使用恰當能夠提高查詢性能,這裏咱們留着下次在講。

3、修改數據

ES提供修改API的時候,有兩種方式,一種是直接修改,可是若數據不存在會拋出異常,另外一種則是存在更新,不存着就插入。相比第一種,第二種會更加好用一些,不過在寫入速度上是不如第一種的。

ES修改的代碼示例:

private static void update() throws IOException {
    String type = "_doc";
    String index = "test1";
    // 惟一編號
    String id = "1";
    UpdateRequest upateRequest = new UpdateRequest();
    upateRequest.id(id);
    upateRequest.index(index);
    upateRequest.type(type);

    // 依舊可使用Map這種集合做爲更新條件
    Map<String, Object> jsonMap = new HashMap<>();
    jsonMap.put("uid", 12345);
    jsonMap.put("phone", 123456789019L);
    jsonMap.put("msgcode", 2);
    jsonMap.put("sendtime", "2019-03-14 01:57:04");
    jsonMap.put("message", "xuwujing study Elasticsearch");
    upateRequest.doc(jsonMap);
    // upsert 方法表示若是數據不存在,那麼就新增一條
    upateRequest.docAsUpsert(true);
    client.update(upateRequest, RequestOptions.DEFAULT);
    System.out.println("更新成功!");

}

注:upsert 方法表示若是數據不存在,那麼就新增一條,默認是false。

4、刪除數據

根據上述的幾個操做,想必不用多說,已經知道了是DELETE方法了,那咱們就直接開始吧。

ES根據ID刪除代碼示例:

private static void delete() throws IOException {

    String type = "_doc";
    String index = "test1";
    // 惟一編號
    String id = "1";
    DeleteRequest deleteRequest = new DeleteRequest();
    deleteRequest.id(id);
    deleteRequest.index(index);
    deleteRequest.type(type);
    // 設置超時時間
    deleteRequest.timeout(TimeValue.timeValueMinutes(2));
    // 設置刷新策略"wait_for"
    // 保持此請求打開,直到刷新使此請求的內容能夠搜索爲止。此刷新策略與高索引和搜索吞吐量兼容,但它會致使請求等待響應,直到發生刷新
    deleteRequest.setRefreshPolicy(WriteRequest.RefreshPolicy.WAIT_UNTIL);
    // 同步刪除
    DeleteResponse deleteResponse = client.delete(deleteRequest, RequestOptions.DEFAULT);
}

ES根據條件進行刪除:

private static void deleteByQuery() throws IOException {
    String type = "_doc";
    String index = "test1";
    DeleteByQueryRequest request = new DeleteByQueryRequest(index,type);
    // 設置查詢條件
    request.setQuery(QueryBuilders.termsQuery("uid",1234));
    // 同步執行
    BulkByScrollResponse bulkResponse = client.deleteByQuery(request, RequestOptions.DEFAULT);
}

測試結果

示例圖:

查詢語句

幾個經常使用的查詢API這裏就簡單的介紹下用法,而後再直接給出全部的查詢語句代碼。

查詢API

  • 等值(term查詢:QueryBuilders.termQuery(name,value);
  • 多值(terms)查詢:QueryBuilders.termsQuery(name,value,value2,value3...);
  • 範圍(range)查詢:QueryBuilders.rangeQuery(name).gte(value).lte(value);
  • 存在(exists)查詢:QueryBuilders.existsQuery(name);
  • 模糊(wildcard)查詢:QueryBuilders.wildcardQuery(name,+value+);
  • 組合(bool)查詢: BoolQueryBuilder boolQueryBuilder = new BoolQueryBuilder();

查詢全部代碼示例

private static void allSearch() throws IOException {
    SearchRequest searchRequestAll = new SearchRequest();
    SearchSourceBuilder searchSourceBuilder = new SearchSourceBuilder();
    searchSourceBuilder.query(QueryBuilders.matchAllQuery());
    searchRequestAll.source(searchSourceBuilder);
    // 同步查詢
    SearchResponse searchResponseAll = client.search(searchRequestAll, RequestOptions.DEFAULT);
    System.out.println("全部查詢總數:" + searchResponseAll.getHits().getTotalHits());
}

通常查詢代碼示例

其實就是等值查詢,只不過在裏面加入了分頁、排序、超時、路由等等設置,而且在查詢結果裏面增長了一些處理。

private static void genSearch() throws IOException {
    String type = "_doc";
    String index = "test1";
    // 查詢指定的索引庫
    SearchRequest searchRequest = new SearchRequest(index);
    searchRequest.types(type);
    SearchSourceBuilder sourceBuilder = new SearchSourceBuilder();
    // 設置查詢條件
    sourceBuilder.query(QueryBuilders.termQuery("uid", "1234"));
    // 設置起止和結束
    sourceBuilder.from(0);
    sourceBuilder.size(5);
    sourceBuilder.timeout(new TimeValue(60, TimeUnit.SECONDS));
    // 設置路由
//      searchRequest.routing("routing");
    // 設置索引庫表達式
    searchRequest.indicesOptions(IndicesOptions.lenientExpandOpen());
    // 查詢選擇本地分片,默認是集羣分片
    searchRequest.preference("_local");

    // 排序
    // 根據默認值進行降序排序
//  sourceBuilder.sort(new ScoreSortBuilder().order(SortOrder.DESC));
    // 根據字段進行升序排序
//  sourceBuilder.sort(new FieldSortBuilder("id").order(SortOrder.ASC));

    // 關閉suorce查詢
//  sourceBuilder.fetchSource(false);

    String[] includeFields = new String[]{"title", "user", "innerObject.*"};
    String[] excludeFields = new String[]{"_type"};
    // 包含或排除字段
//  sourceBuilder.fetchSource(includeFields, excludeFields);

    searchRequest.source(sourceBuilder);
    System.out.println("普通查詢的DSL語句:"+sourceBuilder.toString());
    // 同步查詢
    SearchResponse searchResponse = client.search(searchRequest, RequestOptions.DEFAULT);

    // HTTP狀態代碼、執行時間或請求是否提早終止或超時
    RestStatus status = searchResponse.status();
    TimeValue took = searchResponse.getTook();
    Boolean terminatedEarly = searchResponse.isTerminatedEarly();
    boolean timedOut = searchResponse.isTimedOut();

    // 供關於受搜索影響的切分總數的統計信息,以及成功和失敗的切分
    int totalShards = searchResponse.getTotalShards();
    int successfulShards = searchResponse.getSuccessfulShards();
    int failedShards = searchResponse.getFailedShards();
    // 失敗的緣由
    for (ShardSearchFailure failure : searchResponse.getShardFailures()) {
        // failures should be handled here
    }
    // 結果
    searchResponse.getHits().forEach(hit -> {
        Map<String, Object> map = hit.getSourceAsMap();
        System.out.println("普通查詢的結果:" + map);
    });
    System.out.println("\n=================\n");
}

或查詢

其實這個或查詢也是bool查詢中的一種,這裏的查詢語句至關於SQL語句中的

SELECT * FROM test1 where (uid = 1 or uid =2) and phone = 12345678919

代碼示例:

private static void orSearch() throws IOException {
    SearchRequest searchRequest = new SearchRequest();
    searchRequest.indices("test1");
    searchRequest.types("_doc");
    SearchSourceBuilder searchSourceBuilder = new SearchSourceBuilder();
    BoolQueryBuilder boolQueryBuilder = new BoolQueryBuilder();
    BoolQueryBuilder boolQueryBuilder2 = new BoolQueryBuilder();
 
      /**
     *  SELECT * FROM test1 where (uid = 1234 or uid =12345)  and phone = 12345678909
     * */
    boolQueryBuilder2.should(QueryBuilders.termQuery("uid", 1234));
    boolQueryBuilder2.should(QueryBuilders.termQuery("uid", 12345));
    boolQueryBuilder.must(boolQueryBuilder2);
    boolQueryBuilder.must(QueryBuilders.termQuery("phone", "12345678909"));
    searchSourceBuilder.query(boolQueryBuilder);
    System.out.println("或查詢語句:" + searchSourceBuilder.toString());
    searchRequest.source(searchSourceBuilder);
    // 同步查詢
    SearchResponse searchResponse = client.search(searchRequest, RequestOptions.DEFAULT);

    searchResponse.getHits().forEach(documentFields -> {

        System.out.println("查詢結果:" + documentFields.getSourceAsMap());
    });

}

模糊查詢

至關於SQL語句中的like查詢。

private static void likeSearch() throws IOException {
    String type = "_doc";
    String index = "test1";
    SearchRequest searchRequest = new SearchRequest();
    searchRequest.indices(index);
    searchRequest.types(type);
    SearchSourceBuilder searchSourceBuilder = new SearchSourceBuilder();
    BoolQueryBuilder boolQueryBuilder = new BoolQueryBuilder();

   /**
     *  SELECT * FROM p_test where  message like '%xu%';
     * */
    boolQueryBuilder.must(QueryBuilders.wildcardQuery("message", "*xu*"));
    searchSourceBuilder.query(boolQueryBuilder);
    System.out.println("模糊查詢語句:" + searchSourceBuilder.toString());
    searchRequest.source(searchSourceBuilder);
    // 同步查詢
    SearchResponse searchResponse = client.search(searchRequest, RequestOptions.DEFAULT);
    searchResponse.getHits().forEach(documentFields -> {
        System.out.println("模糊查詢結果:" + documentFields.getSourceAsMap());
    });
    System.out.println("\n=================\n");
}

多值查詢

也就是至關於SQL語句中的in查詢。

private static void inSearch() throws IOException {
        String type = "_doc";
        String index = "test1";
        // 查詢指定的索引庫
        SearchRequest searchRequest = new SearchRequest(index,type);
        SearchSourceBuilder sourceBuilder = new SearchSourceBuilder();
        /**
         *  SELECT * FROM p_test where uid in (1,2)
         * */
        // 設置查詢條件
        sourceBuilder.query(QueryBuilders.termsQuery("uid", 1, 2));
        searchRequest.source(sourceBuilder);
        System.out.println("in查詢的DSL語句:"+sourceBuilder.toString());
        // 同步查詢
        SearchResponse searchResponse = client.search(searchRequest, RequestOptions.DEFAULT);
        // 結果
        searchResponse.getHits().forEach(hit -> {
            Map<String, Object> map = hit.getSourceAsMap();
            String string = hit.getSourceAsString();
            System.out.println("in查詢的Map結果:" + map);
            System.out.println("in查詢的String結果:" + string);
        });

        System.out.println("\n=================\n");
    }

存在查詢

判斷是否存在該字段,用法和SQL語句中的exist相似。

private static void existSearch() throws IOException {
    String type = "_doc";
    String index = "test1";
    // 查詢指定的索引庫
    SearchRequest searchRequest = new SearchRequest(index);
    searchRequest.types(type);
    SearchSourceBuilder sourceBuilder = new SearchSourceBuilder();

    // 設置查詢條件
     sourceBuilder.query(QueryBuilders.existsQuery("msgcode"));
    searchRequest.source(sourceBuilder);
    System.out.println("存在查詢的DSL語句:"+sourceBuilder.toString());
    // 同步查詢
    SearchResponse searchResponse = client.search(searchRequest, RequestOptions.DEFAULT);
    // 結果
    searchResponse.getHits().forEach(hit -> {
        Map<String, Object> map = hit.getSourceAsMap();
        String string = hit.getSourceAsString();
        System.out.println("存在查詢的Map結果:" + map);
        System.out.println("存在查詢的String結果:" + string);
    });
    System.out.println("\n=================\n");
}

範圍查詢

和SQL語句中<>使用方法同樣,其中gt是大於,lt是小於,gte是大於等於,lte是小於等於。

private static void rangeSearch() throws IOException{
    String type = "_doc";
    String index = "test1";
    SearchRequest searchRequest = new SearchRequest(index);
    searchRequest.types(type);
    SearchSourceBuilder sourceBuilder = new SearchSourceBuilder();

    // 設置查詢條件
    sourceBuilder.query(QueryBuilders.rangeQuery("sendtime").gte("2019-01-01 00:00:00").lte("2019-12-31 23:59:59"));
    searchRequest.source(sourceBuilder);
     System.out.println("範圍查詢的DSL語句:"+sourceBuilder.toString());
    // 同步查詢
    SearchResponse searchResponse = client.search(searchRequest, RequestOptions.DEFAULT);
    // 結果
    searchResponse.getHits().forEach(hit -> {
        String string = hit.getSourceAsString();
        System.out.println("範圍查詢的String結果:" + string);
    });
    System.out.println("\n=================\n");
}

正則查詢

ES可使用正則進行查詢,查詢方式也很是的簡單,代碼示例以下:

private static void regexpSearch() throws IOException{
    String type = "_doc";
    String index = "test1";
    // 查詢指定的索引庫
    SearchRequest searchRequest = new SearchRequest(index);
    searchRequest.types(type);
    SearchSourceBuilder sourceBuilder = new SearchSourceBuilder();
    // 設置查詢條件
    sourceBuilder.query(QueryBuilders.regexpQuery("message","xu[0-9]"));
    searchRequest.source(sourceBuilder);
     System.out.println("正則查詢的DSL語句:"+sourceBuilder.toString());
    // 同步查詢
    SearchResponse searchResponse = client.search(searchRequest, RequestOptions.DEFAULT);
    // 結果
    searchResponse.getHits().forEach(hit -> {
        Map<String, Object> map = hit.getSourceAsMap();
        String string = hit.getSourceAsString();
        System.out.println("正則查詢的Map結果:" + map);
        System.out.println("正則查詢的String結果:" + string);
    });

    System.out.println("\n=================\n");
}

查詢測試結果

全部查詢總數:6
普通查詢的DSL語句:{"from":0,"size":5,"timeout":"60s","query":{"term":{"uid":{"value":"1234","boost":1.0}}}}

=================

或查詢語句:{"query":{"bool":{"must":[{"bool":{"should":[{"term":{"uid":{"value":1234,"boost":1.0}}},{"term":{"uid":{"value":12345,"boost":1.0}}}],"adjust_pure_negative":true,"boost":1.0}},{"term":{"phone":{"value":"12345678909","boost":1.0}}}],"adjust_pure_negative":true,"boost":1.0}}}
或查詢結果:{msgcode=1, uid=12345, phone=12345678909, message=qq, sendtime=2019-03-14 01:57:04}

=================

模糊查詢語句:{"query":{"bool":{"must":[{"wildcard":{"message":{"wildcard":"xu","boost":1.0}}}],"adjust_pure_negative":true,"boost":1.0}}}
模糊查詢結果:{msgcode=2, uid=12345, phone=123456789019, sendtime=2019-03-14 01:57:04, message=xuwujing study Elasticsearch}
模糊查詢結果:{uid=123456, phone=12345678909, message=xu1, sendtime=2019-03-14 01:57:04}

=================

存在查詢的DSL語句:{"query":{"exists":{"field":"msgcode","boost":1.0}}}
存在查詢的Map結果:{msgcode=2, uid=12345, phone=123456789019, sendtime=2019-03-14 01:57:04, message=xuwujing study Elasticsearch}
存在查詢的String結果:{"uid":12345,"phone":123456789019,"msgcode":2,"sendtime":"2019-03-14 01:57:04","message":"xuwujing study Elasticsearch"}
存在查詢的Map結果:{msgcode=1, uid=12345, phone=12345678909, message=qq, sendtime=2019-03-14 01:57:04}
存在查詢的String結果:{"uid":"12345","phone":"12345678909","message":"qq","msgcode":"1","sendtime":"2019-03-14 01:57:04"}

=================

範圍查詢的DSL語句:{"query":{"range":{"sendtime":{"from":"2019-01-01 00:00:00","to":"2019-12-31 23:59:59","include_lower":true,"include_upper":true,"boost":1.0}}}}
範圍查詢的String結果:{"uid":12345,"phone":123456789019,"msgcode":2,"sendtime":"2019-03-14 01:57:04","message":"xuwujing study Elasticsearch"}
範圍查詢的String結果:{"uid":"123456","phone":"12345678909","message":"xu1","sendtime":"2019-03-14 01:57:04"}
範圍查詢的String結果:{"uid":"12345","phone":"12345678909","message":"qq","msgcode":"1","sendtime":"2019-03-14 01:57:04"}

=================

正則查詢的DSL語句:{"query":{"regexp":{"message":{"value":"xu[0-9]","flags_value":65535,"max_determinized_states":10000,"boost":1.0}}}}
正則查詢的Map結果:{uid=123456, phone=12345678909, message=xu1, sendtime=2019-03-14 01:57:04}
正則查詢的String結果:{"uid":"123456","phone":"12345678909","message":"xu1","sendtime":"2019-03-14 01:57:04"}

=================

組合查詢的DSL語句:{"query":{"bool":{"must":[{"term":{"uid":{"value":12345,"boost":1.0}}},{"term":{"msgcode":{"value":1,"boost":1.0}}}],"adjust_pure_negative":true,"boost":1.0}}}
組合查詢的String結果:{"uid":"12345","phone":"12345678909","message":"qq","msgcode":"1","sendtime":"2019-03-14 01:57:04"}

=================

其它

參考ES官方文檔:
https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/client/java-rest/current/java-rest-high.html

關於SpringBoot集成ElasticSearch和JestClient的使用能夠查看這篇文章:SpringBoot整合ElasticSearch實現多版本的兼容

關於ElasticSearch Java API的選擇,若是ElasticSearch版本在6.x之前的話,推薦使用JestClient。若是是6.x以後而且有意升級到7.x的話,那麼直接使用ES官方的Java High Level REST Client,由於在7.x以後將直接會捨棄Transport client的鏈接方式,目前Spring和SpringBoot集成的ES就是使用該方式(不知後續是否會作調整)。

本篇文章的代碼已收錄在本人的java-study項目中,如有興趣,歡迎star、fork和issues。
項目地址:https://github.com/xuwujing/java-study

ElasticSearch實戰系列:
ElasticSearch實戰系列一: ElasticSearch集羣+Kinaba安裝教程
ElasticSearch實戰系列二: ElasticSearch的DSL語句使用教程---圖文詳解

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