7.6 yum更換國內源 7.7 yum下載rpm包 7.8/7.9 源碼包安裝

時間 2019-11-09

標籤 7.6 yum 更換內源 7.7 下載 rpm 7.8 7.9 源碼安裝欄目 Unix 简体版

原文原文鏈接

7.6 yum更換國內源

恢復系統默認yum源配置：

[root@cham3 yum.repos.d]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d
[root@cham3 yum.repos.d]# ls
dvd.repo
[root@cham3 yum.repos.d]# rm -f dvd.repo
[root@cham3 yum.repos.d]# ls
[root@cham3 yum.repos.d]# cp ../yum.repos.d.bak/* .
[root@cham3 yum.repos.d]# ls
CentOS-Base.repo  CentOS-Debuginfo.repo  CentOS-Media.repo    CentOS-Vault.repo
CentOS-CR.repo    CentOS-fasttrack.repo  CentOS-Sources.repo

自定義yum源：

[root@cham3 yum.repos.d]# rm -fv CentOS-Bace.repo
先刪除默認yum源，而後使用wget命令創建新yum源：
[root@cham3 yum.repos.d]# wget http://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS7-base-163.repo
-bash: wget: 未找到命令
此時wget命令未安裝，同時刪除了yum源文件，沒法安裝wget包。
因此用下面的方法：「curl命令」
[root@cham3 yum.repos.d]# curl -O http://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS7-Base-163.repo
  % Total    % Received % Xferd  Average Speed   Time    Time     Time  Current
                                 Dload  Upload   Total   Spent    Left  Speed
100  1572  100  1572    0     0  17686      0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:-- 17662
[root@cham3 yum.repos.d]# ls
CentOS7-base-163.repo  CentOS-Base.repo  CentOS-Debuginfo.repo  CentOS-Media.repo    CentOS-Vault.repo
CentOS7-Base-163.repo  CentOS-CR.repo    CentOS-fasttrack.repo  CentOS-Sources.repo

[root@cham3 yum.repos.d]# ls
CentOS7-Base-163.repo  CentOS-CR.repo         CentOS-fasttrack.repo  CentOS-Sources.repo
CentOS-Base.repo       CentOS-Debuginfo.repo  CentOS-Media.repo      CentOS-Vault.repo

說明： 執行完curl命令後，原有yum源文件CentOS-Base.repo被替換成CentOS7-Base-163.repo。查看該yum源文件：linux

其鏡像文件地址更換爲：「baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/apache

注：該過程當中使用的yum源須要事先下載。vim

7.7 yum下載rpm包

安裝擴展源epel

安裝一個擴展源文件（epel-release）便可：centos

[root@cham3 yum.repos.d]# yum clean all
已加載插件：fastestmirror
Repository base is listed more than once in the configuration
Repository updates is listed more than once in the configuration
Repository extras is listed more than once in the configuration
Repository centosplus is listed more than once in the configuration
正在清理軟件源： base extras updates
Cleaning up everything
Cleaning up list of fastest mirrors
[root@cham3 yum.repos.d]# yum install wget
已加載插件：fastestmirror
Repository base is listed more than once in the configuration
Repository updates is listed more than once in the configuration
Repository extras is listed more than once in the configuration
Repository centosplus is listed more than once in the configuration
base                                                                                             | 3.6 kB  00:00:00     
extras                                                                                           | 3.4 kB  00:00:00     
updates                                                                                          | 3.4 kB  00:00:00     
(1/4): base/7/x86_64/group_gz                                                                    | 156 kB  00:00:00     
(2/4): extras/7/x86_64/primary_db                                                                | 129 kB  00:00:00     
(3/4): updates/7/x86_64/primary_db                                                               | 3.6 MB  00:00:03     
(4/4): base/7/x86_64/primary_db                                                                  | 5.7 MB  00:02:45     
Determining fastest mirrors
 * base: mirrors.aliyun.com
 * extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
 * updates: mirrors.zju.edu.cn
正在解決依賴關係
--> 正在檢查事務
---> 軟件包 wget.x86_64.0.1.14-15.el7_4.1 將被 安裝
--> 解決依賴關係完成

依賴關係解決

========================================================================================================================
 Package                 架構                      版本                                源                          大小
========================================================================================================================
正在安裝:
 wget                    x86_64                    1.14-15.el7_4.1                     updates                    547 k

事務概要
========================================================================================================================
安裝  1 軟件包

總下載量：547 k
安裝大小：2.0 M
Is this ok [y/d/N]: n
Exiting on user command
您的事務已保存，請執行：
 yum load-transaction /tmp/yum_save_tx.2017-11-13.17-50.OIpKT3.yumtx 從新執行該事務
[root@cham3 yum.repos.d]# ls
CentOS7-Base-163.repo  CentOS-CR.repo         CentOS-fasttrack.repo  CentOS-Sources.repo
CentOS-Base.repo       CentOS-Debuginfo.repo  CentOS-Media.repo      CentOS-Vault.repo
[root@cham3 yum.repos.d]# yum install -y epel-release
已加載插件：fastestmirror
Repository base is listed more than once in the configuration
Repository updates is listed more than once in the configuration
Repository extras is listed more than once in the configuration
Repository centosplus is listed more than once in the configuration
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * base: mirrors.aliyun.com
 * extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
 * updates: mirrors.zju.edu.cn
正在解決依賴關係
--> 正在檢查事務
---> 軟件包 epel-release.noarch.0.7-9 將被 安裝
--> 解決依賴關係完成

依賴關係解決

=======================================================================================================================
 Package                          架構                       版本                     源                          大小
=======================================================================================================================
正在安裝:
 epel-release                     noarch                     7-9                      extras                      14 k

事務概要
=======================================================================================================================
安裝  1 軟件包

總下載量：14 k
安裝大小：24 k
Downloading packages:
epel-release-7-9.noarch.rpm                                                                     |  14 kB  00:00:00     
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
  正在安裝    : epel-release-7-9.noarch                                                                            1/1 
  驗證中      : epel-release-7-9.noarch                                                                            1/1 

已安裝:
  epel-release.noarch 0:7-9                                                                                            

完畢！
[root@cham3 yum.repos.d]# ls
CentOS7-Base-163.repo  CentOS-CR.repo         CentOS-fasttrack.repo  CentOS-Sources.repo  epel.repo
CentOS-Base.repo       CentOS-Debuginfo.repo  CentOS-Media.repo      CentOS-Vault.repo    epel-testing.repo

安裝完成後，yum.repos.d/下增長「epel.repo」、「epel-testing.repo」兩個文件：安全

[root@cham3 yum.repos.d]# cat epel.repo
[epel]
name=Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 7 - $basearch
#baseurl=http://download.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/7/$basearch
mirrorlist=https://mirrors.fedoraproject.org/metalink?repo=epel-7&arch=$basearch
failovermethod=priority
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-EPEL-7
……

增長了不少來自epel庫的rpm包。bash

下載rpm包

下載

命令：yum install -y [包名] --downloadonly架構

[root@cham3 yum.repos.d]# yum install zsh --downloadonly
已加載插件：fastestmirror
Repository base is listed more than once in the configuration
Repository updates is listed more than once in the configuration
Repository extras is listed more than once in the configuration
Repository centosplus is listed more than once in the configuration
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * base: mirrors.aliyun.com
 * epel: mirror01.idc.hinet.net
 * extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
 * updates: mirrors.zju.edu.cn
正在解決依賴關係
--> 正在檢查事務
---> 軟件包 zsh.x86_64.0.5.0.2-28.el7 將被 安裝
--> 解決依賴關係完成

依賴關係解決

=======================================================================================================================
 Package                 架構                       版本                                源                        大小
=======================================================================================================================
正在安裝:
 zsh                     x86_64                     5.0.2-28.el7                        base                     2.4 M

事務概要
=======================================================================================================================
安裝  1 軟件包

總下載量：2.4 M
安裝大小：5.6 M
Background downloading packages, then exiting:
zsh-5.0.2-28.el7.x86_64.rpm                                                                     | 2.4 MB  00:00:01     
exiting because "Download Only" specified
[root@cham3 yum.repos.d]# rpm -q zsh
未安裝軟件包 zsh

即，該命令的含義就是隻下載不安裝。
下載的包默認保存位置爲：curl

[root@cham3 yum.repos.d]# ls /var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/updates/packages
zsh-5.0.2-25.el7_3.1.x86_64.rpm

自定義下載目錄網站

命令：yum install -y [包名] --downloadonly --downloaddir=/tmp/(自定義目錄)ui

[root@cham3 yum.repos.d]# yum install zsh --downloadonly --downloaddir=/tmp/
已加載插件：fastestmirror
Repository base is listed more than once in the configuration
Repository updates is listed more than once in the configuration
Repository extras is listed more than once in the configuration
Repository centosplus is listed more than once in the configuration
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * base: mirrors.aliyun.com
 * epel: mirror01.idc.hinet.net
 * extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
 * updates: mirrors.zju.edu.cn
正在解決依賴關係
--> 正在檢查事務
---> 軟件包 zsh.x86_64.0.5.0.2-28.el7 將被 安裝
--> 解決依賴關係完成

依賴關係解決

=======================================================================================================================
 Package                 架構                       版本                                源                        大小
=======================================================================================================================
正在安裝:
 zsh                     x86_64                     5.0.2-28.el7                        base                     2.4 M

事務概要
=======================================================================================================================
安裝  1 軟件包

總下載量：2.4 M
安裝大小：5.6 M
Background downloading packages, then exiting:
exiting because "Download Only" specified
[root@cham3 yum.repos.d]# ls /tmp/
1.txt      ping
1.txt.bz2  systemd-private-5e7aac884de0454ba5ebd5bd9d00d313-vmtoolsd.service-uIAz6R
1.txt.gz   systemd-private-8ec0e8c254d142359576e2a0e2bfe61a-vmtoolsd.service-LyBTUz
1.txt.xz   systemd-private-a02183c10a59447b842c913b6dc422af-vmtoolsd.service-rIsyod
88.txt     yum_save_tx.2017-11-13.17-33.m0bd_Z.yumtx
cham       yum_save_tx.2017-11-13.17-43.dn3y8u.yumtx

說明： 當下一個已經安裝過的包時系統不會執行任何操做，此時能夠使用「reinstall」來下該包。

下載一個已經安裝過的包：

[root@cham3 yum.repos.d]# yum reinstall -y vim-enhanced  --downloadonly --downloaddir=/tmp/
已加載插件：fastestmirror
Repository base is listed more than once in the configuration
Repository updates is listed more than once in the configuration
Repository extras is listed more than once in the configuration
Repository centosplus is listed more than once in the configuration
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * base: mirrors.aliyun.com
 * epel: mirror01.idc.hinet.net
 * extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
 * updates: mirrors.zju.edu.cn
正在解決依賴關係
--> 正在檢查事務
---> 軟件包 vim-enhanced.x86_64.2.7.4.160-2.el7 將被 已從新安裝
--> 解決依賴關係完成

依賴關係解決

=======================================================================================================================
 Package                       架構                    版本                                源                     大小
=======================================================================================================================
從新安裝:
 vim-enhanced                  x86_64                  2:7.4.160-2.el7                     base                  1.0 M

事務概要
=======================================================================================================================
從新安裝  1 軟件包

總下載量：1.0 M
安裝大小：2.2 M
Background downloading packages, then exiting:
vim-enhanced-7.4.160-2.el7.x86_64.rpm                                                           | 1.0 MB  00:00:00     
exiting because "Download Only" specified
[root@cham3 yum.repos.d]# ls /tmp/
1.txt      systemd-private-5e7aac884de0454ba5ebd5bd9d00d313-vmtoolsd.service-uIAz6R
1.txt.bz2  systemd-private-8ec0e8c254d142359576e2a0e2bfe61a-vmtoolsd.service-LyBTUz
1.txt.gz   systemd-private-a02183c10a59447b842c913b6dc422af-vmtoolsd.service-rIsyod
1.txt.xz   vim-enhanced-7.4.160-2.el7.x86_64.rpm
88.txt     yum_save_tx.2017-11-13.17-33.m0bd_Z.yumtx
cham       yum_save_tx.2017-11-13.17-43.dn3y8u.yumtx
cham1      yum_save_tx.2017-11-13.17-50.OIpKT3.yumtx
chamlinux  yum_save_tx.2017-11-13.20-17.M797gr.yumtx
ch.log     yum_save_tx.2017-11-13.20-28.vE5oCa.yumtx
d6z        yum_save_tx.2017-11-13.20-31.IAN7EJ.yumtx
ping       zsh-5.0.2-28.el7.x86_64.rpm

7.8-7.9 源碼包安裝

先下載一個源碼包！
注：從此全部源碼包放到目錄「/usr/local/src/」！！！!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

[root@cham3 src]#  wget http://mirrors.cnnic.cn/apache/httpd/httpd-2.2.32.tar.gz  
下載Apache！該地址來自於「阿銘碼市」。
下載完後解壓該文件：
[root@cham3 src]#  tar zxvf httpd-2.2.32.tar.gz
[root@cham3 src]# ls
httpd-2.2.32  httpd-2.2.32.tar.gz
查看文件httpd-2.2.32的內容：
[root@cham3 src]# cd httpd-2.2.34
[root@cham3 httpd-2.2.34]# ls
ABOUT_APACHE  BuildBin.dsp   configure.in  httpd.mak       LAYOUT        Makefile.in    os                server
acinclude.m4  buildconf      docs          httpd.spec      libhttpd.dep  Makefile.win   README            srclib
Apache.dsw    CHANGES        emacs-style   include         libhttpd.dsp  modules        README.platforms  support
build         config.layout  httpd.dep     INSTALL         libhttpd.mak  NOTICE         README-win32.txt  test
BuildAll.dsp  configure      httpd.dsp     InstallBin.dsp  LICENSE       NWGNUmakefile  ROADMAP           VERSIONING

安裝Apache：

[root@cham3 httpd-2.2.34]# 
 ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache2
checking for chosen layout... Apache
checking for working mkdir -p... yes
……
checking for chosen layout... apr
checking for gcc... no
checking for cc... no

當某命令運行結束後，使用"echo $?"檢驗其是否正確：

[root@cham3 httpd-2.2.34]#  echo $?
1
當該值爲0時表示上一條命令正確，若是值爲1則錯誤。
此處值爲1，即上面命令錯誤，查看其安裝過程發現「checking for gcc... no」——表示「gcc」編譯器不存在，因此須要先安裝gcc編譯器：
[root@cham3 httpd-2.2.34]#  yum install -y gcc
…………
完畢！
[root@cham3 httpd-2.2.34]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache2
再次安裝。
[root@cham3 httpd-2.2.34]# echo $?
0
檢測，正確。
②
[root@cham3 httpd-2.2.34]# make   編譯！
……
[root@cham3 httpd-2.2.34]# echo $?
0

③
[root@cham3 httpd-2.2.34]# make install
……
[root@cham3 httpd-2.2.34]# echo $?
0
每次命令執行完後用「echo $?」進行檢測，確保其正確。
安裝完成！
查看其安裝目錄的內容：
[root@cham3 httpd-2.2.34]# ls /usr/local/apache2/
bin  build  cgi-bin  conf  error  htdocs  icons  include  lib  logs  man  manual  modules

注：下載源碼包要到官方網站或可信任站點——安全！