nginx + uWSGI 爲 django 提供高併發

django 的併發能力真的是使人擔心，這裏就使用 nginx + uwsgi 提供高併發

nginx 的併發能力超高，單臺併發能力過萬（這個也不是絕對），在純靜態的 web 服務中更是突出其優越的地方，因爲其底層使用 epoll 異步IO模型進行處理，使其深受歡迎

作過運維的應該都知道，php 須要使用 nginx + fastcgi 提供高併發，java 須要使用 nginx + tomcat 提供 web 服務

下面介紹如何使用 nginx + uwsgi 爲 django 提供高併發 web 服務

 

一、系統環境

[root@crazy-acong ~]# uname -a
Linux crazy-acong 2.6.32-504.el6.x86_64 #1 SMP Wed Oct 15 04:27:16 UTC 2014 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
[root@crazy-acong ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release 
CentOS release 6.6 (Final)

 

二、python 及 django 版本

[root@crazy-acong ~]# python3 --version
Python 3.4.4
[root@crazy-acong ~]# django-admin --version
1.10.6

 

三、安裝 uwsgi 及 測試 uwsgi

3.1 安裝

[root@crazy-acong ~]# pip3 install uwsgi

3.2 測試 uwsgi 提供 web 服務的功能

# 建立 test.py 文件
def application(env, start_response):
    start_response('200 OK', [('Content-Type','text/html')])
    return [b"Hello World"] # python3
    #return ["Hello World"] # python2


# 啓動 uwsgi 服務
[root@crazy-acong ~]# uwsgi --http :8000 --wsgi-file test.py 

# 查看啓動進程
[root@crazy-acong ~]# netstat -lnpt | grep uwsgi
tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:26685             0.0.0.0:*                   LISTEN      22120/uwsgi         
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:8000                0.0.0.0:*                   LISTEN      22120/uwsgi  

# 在瀏覽器中訪問 http://ip:8000 就能夠看到 Hello World 字樣了

3.3 將啓動參數寫入到配置文件中，而後進行啓動 django 程序

3.3.1 建立 uwsgi 配置文件

[root@crazy-acong ~]# cd /data/django_test   # 進入到 django 的主目錄

[root@crazy-acong django_test]# cat test-uwsgi.ini 
[uwsgi]
# 對外提供 http 服務的端口
http = :9000

#the local unix socket file than commnuincate to Nginx   用於和 nginx 進行數據交互的端口
socket = 127.0.0.1:8001

# the base directory (full path)  django 程序的主目錄
chdir = /data/django_test

# Django's wsgi file
wsgi-file = django_test/wsgi.py

# maximum number of worker processes
processes = 4

#thread numbers startched in each worker process
threads = 2
 
#monitor uwsgi status  經過該端口能夠監控 uwsgi 的負載狀況
stats = 127.0.0.1:9191


# clear environment on exit
vacuum          = true

# 後臺運行,並輸出日誌
daemonize = /var/log/uwsgi.log

 

3.3.2 經過 uwsgi 配置文件啓動 django 程序

# 經過配置文件啓動 django 程序
[root@crazy-acong django_test]# /usr/local/bin/uwsgi test-uwsgi.ini # 在瀏覽器中 經過訪問 http://ip:9000 能夠看到發佈的 django 程序

 

 四、安裝 nginx

nginx 安裝參考 http://www.cnblogs.com/CongZhang/p/6548570.html

 

五、配置 nginx 的配置文件

在 django 的主目錄下建立下面的 nginx 配置文件，而後作軟鏈接到 nginx 的配置文件目錄，或者直接在 nginx 配置文件目錄中添加該文件也能夠

5.1 建立 nginx 配置文件

[root@crazy-acong django_test]# cat /data/django_test/django-nginx.conf 
# the upstream component nginx needs to connect to
upstream django {
    # server unix:///path/to/your/mysite/mysite.sock; # for a file socket
    server 127.0.0.1:8001; # for a web port socket (we'll use this first)
}
 
# configuration of the server
server {
    # the port your site will be served on
    listen      8000;
    # the domain name it will serve for
    server_name .example.com; # substitute your machine's IP address or FQDN
    charset     utf-8;
 
    # max upload size
    client_max_body_size 75M;   # adjust to taste
 
    # Django media
    location /media  {
        alias /path/to/your/mysite/media;  # your Django project's media files - amend as required
    }
 
    location /static {
        alias /data/django_test/static; # your Django project's static files - amend as required
    }
 
    # Finally, send all non-media requests to the Django server.
    location / {
        uwsgi_pass  django;
        include     /data/django_test/uwsgi_params; # the uwsgi_params file you installed
    }
}

5.2 重啓nginx 服務

[root@crazy-acong django_test]# nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /data/application/nginx-1.10.3/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /data/application/nginx-1.10.3/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
[root@crazy-acong django_test]# nginx -s reload
      
[root@crazy-acong django_test]# netstat -lnpt | grep 8000
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:8000                0.0.0.0:*                   LISTEN      43492/nginx      

這個時候就能夠經過 http://ip:8000 訪問 django 程序了，不過目前還存在一個問題，訪問 http://ip:8000/admin 發現靜態文件貌似沒讀取到，須要經過下面的方法解決靜態文件的問題

 

六、解決 django 多 app 靜態文件的問題

# 在 django 程序的 settings.py 文件中添加如下內容

STATIC_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, "static_all")


# 而後經過執行該命令，將靜態文件整合到一個目錄中
[root@crazy-acong django_test]# python3 manage.py collectstatic

[root@crazy-acong django_test]# ll
total 40
drwxr-xr-x 3 nginx games 4096 Mar 14 14:42 app01
-rw-r--r-- 1 root  root  3072 Mar 14 14:51 db.sqlite3
-rw-r--r-- 1 root  root  1026 Mar 14 15:18 django-nginx.conf
drwxr-xr-x 3 nginx games 4096 Mar 14 15:45 django_test
-rwxr-xr-x 1 nginx games  809 Mar 14 14:37 manage.py
drwxr-xr-x 2 nginx games 4096 Mar 14 14:42 static
drwxr-xr-x 3 root  root  4096 Mar 14 15:47 static_all   # 此時會發現多了一個該目錄，全部 app 的靜態文件都整合到這一個目錄中了
drwxr-xr-x 2 nginx games 4096 Mar 14 14:40 templates
-rw-r--r-- 1 root  root   565 Mar 14 15:40 test-uwsgi.ini
-rw-r--r-- 1 root  root   664 Mar 14 15:28 uwsgi_params

 

而後須要修改 nginx 配置文件中 指向 django 靜態目錄的配置文件

[root@crazy-acong django_test]# cat /data/django_test/django-nginx.conf 
# the upstream component nginx needs to connect to
upstream django {
    # server unix:///path/to/your/mysite/mysite.sock; # for a file socket
    server 127.0.0.1:8001; # for a web port socket (we'll use this first)
}
 
# configuration of the server
server {
    # the port your site will be served on
    listen      8000;
    # the domain name it will serve for
    server_name .example.com; # substitute your machine's IP address or FQDN
    charset     utf-8;
 
    # max upload size
    client_max_body_size 75M;   # adjust to taste
 
    # Django media
    location /media  {
        alias /path/to/your/mysite/media;  # your Django project's media files - amend as required
    }
 
    location /static {
　　　　　# 須要修改的地方在這裏
        alias /data/django_test/static_all; # your Django project's static files - amend as required
    }
 
    # Finally, send all non-media requests to the Django server.
    location / {
        uwsgi_pass  django;
        include     /data/django_test/uwsgi_params; # the uwsgi_params file you installed
    }
}

最後重啓 nginx 服務便可

[root@crazy-acong django_test]# nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /data/application/nginx-1.10.3/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /data/application/nginx-1.10.3/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
[root@crazy-acong django_test]# nginx -s reload