淺談apache與tomact的整合

通常來說，配置apache和tomcat的整合有三種方式，mod_proxy,mod_ajp和mod_jk等三種方式，前2種配置步驟相似且相對容易，且只支持apache2.2之後的版本，mod_jk則配置相對複雜，但強在穩定性和性能方面，由於沒有系統的寫過這方面的文檔，故在此簡要的記錄下使用mod_proxy和mod_jk兩種方式來整合apache和tomcat！

三種方式的對比，具體請參考：http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/cn/opensource/os-lo-apache-tomcat/

本文環境介紹：
os版本：centos5.4 64bit
jdk版本：jdk-6u2-linux-i586.bin
tomcat版本：7.0.29
apache版本：2.4.2
apache服務器IP：192.168.123.110/24
tomcat實例一IP:192.168.123.110/24 (端口默認)
tomcat實例二IP:192.168.123.20/24 (端口默認)

一：mod_proxy方式的整合
1：編譯安裝apache，須要編譯proxy相關的模塊，這裏採用目前最新版的apache2.4.2

[root@db1 ~]# tar -zxvpf httpd-2.4.2.tar.gz
[root@db1 ~]# cd httpd-2.4.2
[root@db1 httpd-2.4.2]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache --enable-proxy --enable-proxy-ajp  --enable-rewrite --enable-so  --enable-headers --enable-expires  --enable-modules-shared=most --with-apr=/usr/local/apr/ --with-apr-util=/usr/local/apr-util/
[root@db1 httpd-2.4.2]# make
[root@db1 httpd-2.4.2]# make install

若啓動apache出現下面的錯誤，基本上屬於apr的問題，要麼apr沒安裝，要麼版本不對！

[root@db1 ~]# /usr/local/apache/bin/apachectl -t httpd: Syntax error on line 113 of /usr/local/apache/conf/httpd.conf: Cannot load /usr/local/apache/modules/mod_proxy.so into server: /usr/local/apache/modules/mod_proxy.so: undefined symbol: apr_global_mutex_lockfile [root@db1 ~]# yum remove apr [root@db1 ~]# /usr/local/apache/bin/apachectl -t Syntax OK [root@db1 ~]# /usr/local/apache/bin/apachectl -t -D DUMP_MODULES |grep proxy  proxy_module (shared)  proxy_connect_module (shared)  proxy_ftp_module (shared)  proxy_http_module (shared)  proxy_fcgi_module (shared)  proxy_scgi_module (shared)  proxy_ajp_module (shared)  proxy_balancer_module (shared)  proxy_express_module (shared)

2：配置apache的虛擬主機

[root@db1 ~]# /usr/local/apache/bin/apachectl -t -D DUMP_VHOSTS
VirtualHost configuration:
*:80                   is a NameVirtualHost
         default server 192.168.123.110 (/usr/local/apache/conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf:23)
         port 80 namevhost 192.168.123.110 (/usr/local/apache/conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf:23)
         port 80 namevhost 192.168.123.110 (/usr/local/apache/conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf:23)
         port 80 namevhost www.yang.com (/usr/local/apache/conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf:31)
         port 80 namevhost www.yang.com (/usr/local/apache/conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf:31)

若啓動apache報錯以下，則須要加載mod_slotmem_shm.so模塊，以前在使用apache中不多用到mod_proxy模塊，因此遇到的問題多多！

[root@db1 ~]# /usr/local/apache/bin/apachectl -k start [root@db1 ~]# echo $? 0 [root@db1 ~]# netstat -ntpl |grep :80 [root@db1 ~]# cat /usr/local/apache/logs/error_log [Fri Aug 10 18:32:25.298436 2012] [proxy_balancer:emerg] [pid 7859:tid 47937562389216] AH01177: Failed to lookup provider 'shm' for 'slotmem': is mod_slotmem_shm loaded?? [Fri Aug 10 18:32:25.298650 2012] [:emerg] [pid 7859:tid 47937562389216] AH00020: Configuration Failed, exiting [Fri Aug 10 18:34:04.717801 2012] [proxy_balancer:emerg] [pid 7876:tid 47508265659104] AH01177: Failed to lookup provider 'shm' for 'slotmem': is mod_slotmem_shm loaded?? [Fri Aug 10 18:34:04.717951 2012] [:emerg] [pid 7876:tid 47508265659104] AH00020: Configuration Failed, exiting [root@db1 ~]# grep 'slotmem' /usr/local/apache/conf/httpd.conf LoadModule slotmem_shm_module modules/mod_slotmem_shm.so [root@db1 ~]# /usr/local/apache/bin/apachectl -k start [root@db1 ~]# netstat -ntpl |grep :80 tcp        0      0 :::80                       :::*                        LISTEN      7898/httpd

注意：2.4.2版本的apache中須要在目錄下面添加 Require all granted,不然不管怎麼訪問都是403，悲了個催的！具體報錯以下:

[Fri Aug 10 19:07:13.263893 2012] [authz_core:error] [pid 8918:tid 1126259008] [client 192.168.123.102:53420] AH01630: client  denied by server configuration: /tmp

[root@db1 ~]# grep -v '^#' /usr/local/apache/conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf |grep -v '^$'
<VirtualHost *:80>
    ServerName 192.168.123.110
    <Location />
    Order deny,allow
    Deny from all
    </Location>
</VirtualHost>
<VirtualHost *:80>
    ServerName   www.yang.com
    DocumentRoot /tmp
    <Directory /tmp>
     Options +indexes
     Order allow,deny
     Allow from all
     Require all granted
    </Directory>
</VirtualHost>

 

 

 

 

3：安裝jdk和tomcat，並啓動tomcat

[root@db2 ~]# java -version
java version "1.6.0"
OpenJDK  Runtime Environment (build 1.6.0-b09)
OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM (build 1.6.0-b09, mixed mode)

[root@db2 ~]# /usr/local/tomcat7/bin/startup.sh
Using CATALINA_BASE:   /usr/local/tomcat7
Using CATALINA_HOME:   /usr/local/tomcat7
Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/tomcat7/temp
Using JRE_HOME:        /usr/local/java
Using CLASSPATH:       /usr/local/tomcat7/bin/bootstrap.jar:/usr/local/tomcat7/bin/tomcat-juli.jar

[root@db2 ~]# netstat -ntpl |grep java
tcp        0      0 ::ffff:127.0.0.1:8005       :::*                        LISTEN      7601/java
tcp        0      0 :::8009                     :::*                        LISTEN      7601/java
tcp        0      0 :::8080                     :::*                        LISTEN      7601/java

4：使用mod_proxy轉發jsp的請求，test目錄，tomcat.css,tomcat.png請求使用apache處理

<VirtualHost *:80>
    ServerName   www.yang.com
    DocumentRoot /tmp
    <Directory /tmp>
     Options +indexes
     Order allow,deny
     Allow from all
     Require all granted
    </Directory>
    Proxypass /test !
    Proxypass /tomcat.css !
    Proxypass /tomcat.png !
    Proxypass / http://192.168.123.20:8080
</VirtualHost>

5：mod_proxy配置集羣

<VirtualHost *:80>
    ServerName   www.yang.com
    DocumentRoot /tmp
    <Directory /tmp>
     Options +indexes
     Order allow,deny
     Allow from all
     Require all granted
    </Directory>
    Proxypass /test !
    Proxypass /tomcat.css !
    Proxypass /tomcat.png !
    Proxypass / balancer://yang
    <Proxy balancer://yang/>
    BalancerMember http://192.168.123.20:8080/
    BalancerMember http://192.168.123.110:8080/
    </Proxy>
</VirtualHost>

6:測試 

 

 二：mod_jk方式整合
1：下載並編譯安裝mod_jk模塊

[root@db1 ~]# wget http://www.apache.org/dist/tomcat/tomcat-connectors/jk/tomcat-connectors-1.2.37-src.tar.gz
[root@db1 ~]# tar -zxvf tomcat-connectors-1.2.37-src.tar.gz
[root@db1 ~]# cd tomcat-connectors-1.2.37-src/native/
[root@db1 native]# ./configure --with-apxs=/usr/local/apache/bin/apxs
[root@db1 native]# make && make install

[root@db1 ~]# grep 'mod_jk' /usr/local/apache/conf/httpd.conf
Include conf/extra/mod_jk.conf

2：修改mod_jk配置文件以下

[root@db1 ~]# grep -v '^#' /usr/local/apache/conf/extra/mod_jk.conf
LoadModule jk_module modules/mod_jk.so
JkWorkersFile conf/extra/workers.properties
JkLogFile "logs/mod_jk.log"
JkLogLevel info
JkLogStampFormat "[%a %b %d %H:%M:%S %Y]"
JkOptions +ForwardKeySize +ForwardURICompat -ForwardDirectories
JkRequestLogFormat "%w %V %T"
JkShmFile logs/jk.shm
HostnameLookups Off

3：配置workers.properties，指定ajp鏈接tomcat的信息

[root@db1 ~]# cat /usr/local/apache/conf/extra/workers.properties
worker.list=yang,jkstatus
#110
worker.server110.port=8009
worker.server110.host=192.168.123.110
worker.server110.type=ajp13
worker.server110.lbfactor=0
worker.server110.socket_keepalive=1
worker.server110.socket_timeout=0
worker.server110.retries=3

#20
worker.server20.port=8009
worker.server20.host=192.168.123.20
worker.server20.type=ajp13
worker.server20.lbfactor=9
worker.server20.socket_keepalive=1
worker.server20.socket_timeout=0
worker.server20.retries=3

worker.yang.type=lb
worker.retries=3
worker.yang.balance_workers=server110, server22
worker.yang.sticky_session=true
worker.yang.sticky_session_force=true

worker.jkstatus.type=status
worker.jkstatus.read_only=true

4：配置虛擬主機，jkmount_yang.conf文件指定了客戶端http請求的走向,test目錄下的請求交給apache處理

<VirtualHost *:80>
    ServerName   www.yang.com
    DocumentRoot /tmp
    Include  conf/extra/jkmount_yang.conf
    <Directory /tmp>
     Options +indexes
     Order allow,deny
     Allow from all
     Require all granted
    </Directory>
</VirtualHost>

[root@db1 ~]# cat /usr/local/apache/conf/extra/jkmount_yang.conf
JkMount   /*              yang
JkMount   /status         jkstatus
JkunMount /test/*         yang

5：重啓apache

[root@db1 ~]# /usr/local/apache/bin/apachectl -t
Syntax OK
[root@db1 ~]# /usr/local/apache/bin/apachectl -k restart

6：修改tomcat配置文件以下，重啓tomcat實例，文件中主要修改jvmroute參數，同workers.properties中的一致

[root@db1 ~]# cat sr/local/tomcat7/conf/server.xml <?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?> <Server port="8005" shutdown="SHUTDOWN">    <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.AprLifecycleListener" SSLEngine="on" />   <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.JasperListener" />   <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.JreMemoryLeakPreventionListener" />   <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.mbeans.GlobalResourcesLifecycleListener" />   <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.ThreadLocalLeakPreventionListener" />     <GlobalNamingResources>     <Resource name="UserDatabase" auth="Container"               type="org.apache.catalina.UserDatabase"               description="User database that can be updated and saved"               factory="org.apache.catalina.users.MemoryUserDatabaseFactory"               pathname="conf/tomcat-users.xml" />   </GlobalNamingResources>   <Service name="Catalina">     <Connector port="8080" protocol="HTTP/1.1"                connectionTimeout="20000"                redirectPort="8443" />      <Connector port="8009" protocol="AJP/1.3" redirectPort="8443" />     <Engine name="Catalina" defaultHost="localhost" jvmRoute="server110"> <!-- 配置集羣session 同步相關 -->  <Cluster className="org.apache.catalina.ha.tcp.SimpleTcpCluster" channelSendOptions="8">                     <Manager className="org.apache.catalina.ha.session.DeltaManager"                    expireSessionsOnShutdown="false"                    notifyListenersOnReplication="true"/>                          <Channel className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.GroupChannel">              <Membership className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.membership.McastService"                         address="228.0.0.5"                         port="45564"                         frequency="500"                         dropTime="3000"/>             <Receiver className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.transport.nio.NioReceiver"                       address="192.168.123.110"                       port="4000"                       autoBind="100"                       selectorTimeout="5000"                       maxThreads="6"/>             <Sender className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.transport.ReplicationTransmitter">               <Transport className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.transport.nio.PooledParallelSender"/>             </Sender>             <Interceptor className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.interceptors.TcpFailureDetector"/>             <Interceptor className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.interceptors.MessageDispatch15Interceptor"/>             <Interceptor className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.interceptors.ThroughputInterceptor"/>           </Channel>           <Valve className="org.apache.catalina.ha.tcp.ReplicationValve"                  filter=".*\.gif;.*\.js;.*\.jpg;.*\.png;.*\.htm;.*\.html;.*\.css;.*\.txt;"/>           <Valve className="org.apache.catalina.ha.session.JvmRouteBinderValve"/>           <ClusterListener className="org.apache.catalina.ha.session.JvmRouteSessionIDBinderListener"/>           <ClusterListener className="org.apache.catalina.ha.session.ClusterSessionListener"/> </Cluster>  <!-- 配置集羣session 同步相關 -->           <Realm className="org.apache.catalina.realm.LockOutRealm">             <Realm className="org.apache.catalina.realm.UserDatabaseRealm"                resourceName="UserDatabase"/>       </Realm>       <Host name="localhost"  appBase="webapps"             unpackWARs="true" autoDeploy="true">         <Valve className="org.apache.catalina.valves.AccessLogValve" directory="logs"                prefix="localhost_access_log." suffix=".txt"                pattern="%h %l %u %t &quot;%r&quot; %s %b" />       </Host>     </Engine>   </Service> </Server>

7：測試

 

 

[root@db1 ~]# tail -f  /usr/local/apache/logs/mod_jk.log
[Thu Aug 16 16:45:23 2012]yang www.yang.com 0.017531
[Thu Aug 16 16:45:23 2012]yang www.yang.com 0.003080
[Thu Aug 16 16:45:23 2012]yang www.yang.com 0.001009
[Thu Aug 16 16:45:23 2012]yang www.yang.com 0.001876