你還在苦惱的寫SQL麼?你還在爲數據庫升級而煩惱麼?你還在因查詢數據而寫繁瑣不可用的代碼麼? 在這,這些都將不復存在!在本篇中,將會讓你一點一滴從無到有建立一個再也不爲數據庫而煩惱的框架。java
在開始以前咱們先欣賞一下本章實現的最終效果 git
如圖所示:github
接下來開始實戰了sql
@Target(ElementType.TYPE)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
public @interface DbTable {
//表名
String value();
}
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@Target(ElementType.FIELD)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
public @interface DbPrimaryKey {
//表列名
String value();
//是否爲自動增加
boolean isAuto() default false;
}
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@Target(ElementType.FIELD)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
public @interface DbFiled {
//表列名
String value();
/* 這裏能夠像主鍵同樣,添加其餘屬性,好比是否惟一約束,是否非空等 甚至能夠將主鍵的約束放在這裏來,只是代表能夠這樣作,具體怎樣擴展,徹底能夠按大家想法來 */
}
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public interface IBaseDao<T> {
Long insert(T entity);
int update(T entity, T where);
/** * 刪除數據 * * @param where * @return */
int delete(T where);
/** * 查詢數據 */
List<T> query(T where);
List<T> query(T where, String groupBy, String orderBy, String having, Integer startIndex, Integer limit);
}
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代碼分析:數據庫
這裏建立了基類 IBaseDao ,擁有待實現的增刪改查, T 表明對應的 數據表結構的 model。數組
public class BaseDao<T> implements IBaseDao<T> {
private static final String TAG = "hqk";
/** * 持有數據庫操做類的引用 */
private SQLiteDatabase database;
/** * 持有操做數據庫表所對應的java類型 * User */
private Class<T> entityClass;
/** * 保證明例化一次 */
private boolean isInit = false;
private String tableName;
// 檢查表
private HashMap<String, Field> cacheMap;
protected BaseDao() {
}
protected synchronized boolean init(Class<T> entity, SQLiteDatabase sqLiteDatabase) {
if (!isInit) {
//初始化完了 自動建表
entityClass = entity;
database = sqLiteDatabase;
if (entity.getAnnotation(DbTable.class) == null) {
tableName = entity.getClass().getSimpleName();
} else {
tableName = entity.getAnnotation(DbTable.class).value();
}
if (!database.isOpen()) {
return false;
}
String sql = createTable();
database.execSQL(sql);
//創建好映射關係
initCacheMap();
isInit = true;
}
return true;
}
/** * 將真實表中的列名 + 成員變量進行 映射 * 緩存對應的 表 Model裏的屬性名以及對應表列名 */
private void initCacheMap() {
cacheMap = new HashMap<>();
//這裏沒有必要查詢 對應表中的任何數據,只想要對應表列名,因此 這 limit 0
String sql = "select * from " + tableName + " limit 0";
Cursor cursor = database.rawQuery(sql, null);
String[] columnNames = cursor.getColumnNames();
Field[] columnFields = entityClass.getDeclaredFields();
//獲取對應表中的列名數組,以及對應表Model裏面的屬性數組
for (String columnName : columnNames) {
Field resultField = null;
for (Field field : columnFields) {
//拿到對應屬性的註解值
String fieldAnnotationName = field.getAnnotation(DbFiled.class).value();
//若是對應的屬性註解值與數據庫表列名相同,則拿到對應屬性值
if (columnName.equals(fieldAnnotationName)) {
resultField = field;
break;
}
}
if (resultField != null) {
cacheMap.put(columnName, resultField);
}
}
}
/** * 組裝 建立表的SQL語句 * * @return */
private String createTable() {
StringBuffer stringBuffer = new StringBuffer();
//開始組裝 SQL語句
stringBuffer.append("create table if not exists ");
stringBuffer.append(tableName + " (");
Field[] fields = entityClass.getDeclaredFields();
for (Field field : fields) {
Class type = field.getType();
String primaryKey = null;
try {
primaryKey = field.getAnnotation(DbPrimaryKey.class).value();
} catch (Exception e) {
}
Log.i(TAG, "createTable primaryKey " + primaryKey);
Log.i(TAG, "createTable type " + type);
if (type == String.class) {
if (null == primaryKey) {
stringBuffer.append(field.getAnnotation(DbFiled.class).value() + " TEXT,");
} else {
stringBuffer.append(field.getAnnotation(DbFiled.class).value() + " TEXT PRIMARY KEY,");
}
} else if (type == Double.class) {
if (null == primaryKey) {
stringBuffer.append(field.getAnnotation(DbFiled.class).value() + " DOUBLE,");
} else {
stringBuffer.append(field.getAnnotation(DbFiled.class).value() + " DOUBLE PRIMARY KEY,");
}
} else if (type == Integer.class) {
if (null == primaryKey) {
stringBuffer.append(field.getAnnotation(DbFiled.class).value() + " INTEGER,");
} else {
boolean isAuto = field.getAnnotation(DbPrimaryKey.class).isAuto();
if (isAuto) {
stringBuffer.append(field.getAnnotation(DbFiled.class).value() + " INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT,");
} else {
stringBuffer.append(field.getAnnotation(DbFiled.class).value() + " INTEGER PRIMARY KEY,");
}
}
} else if (type == Long.class) {
if (null == primaryKey) {
stringBuffer.append(field.getAnnotation(DbFiled.class).value() + " BIGINT,");
} else {
stringBuffer.append(field.getAnnotation(DbFiled.class).value() + " BIGINT PRIMARY KEY,");
}
} else if (type == byte[].class) {
if (null == primaryKey) {
stringBuffer.append(field.getAnnotation(DbFiled.class).value() + " BLOB,");
} else {
stringBuffer.append(field.getAnnotation(DbFiled.class).value() + " BLOB PRIMARY KEY,");
}
} else {
/* 不支持的類型 */
continue;
}
}
//循環完成後,最後一項會有 逗號 ,若是最後一個是逗號,則刪除最後一個字符
if (stringBuffer.charAt(stringBuffer.length() - 1) == ',') {
stringBuffer.deleteCharAt(stringBuffer.length() - 1);
}
//SQL 語句 收尾
stringBuffer.append(")");
Log.i(TAG, "createTable: " + stringBuffer.toString());
return stringBuffer.toString();
}
@Override
public Long insert(T entity) {
Map<String, String> map = getValues(entity);
ContentValues contentValues = getContentValues(map);
return database.insert(tableName, null, contentValues);
}
/** * 獲取對應 model 屬性以及對應的註解值(表列名值) * * @param entity 對應 表結構的model * @return 返回 key= 列名,value=屬性的值 map集合 */
private Map<String, String> getValues(T entity) {
HashMap<String, String> map = new HashMap<>();
//獲取對應緩存 model 裏面的屬性鍵
Iterator<Field> fieldIterator = cacheMap.values().iterator();
while (fieldIterator.hasNext()) {
Field field = fieldIterator.next();
field.setAccessible(true);
try {
Object object = field.get(entity);
if (object == null) {
continue;
}
String value = object.toString();
String key = field.getAnnotation(DbFiled.class).value();
//遍歷 取出對應 屬性的值 以及對應的 註解值,並添加至Map裏
if (!TextUtils.isEmpty(key) && !TextUtils.isEmpty(value)) {
map.put(key, value);
}
} catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
return map;
}
/** * 數據庫數據結構的封裝 * * @param map 帶有 以表列名爲鍵,的map * @return 數據庫須要的封裝格式 */
private ContentValues getContentValues(Map<String, String> map) {
ContentValues contentValues = new ContentValues();
Set keys = map.keySet();
Iterator<String> iterator = keys.iterator();
while (iterator.hasNext()) {
String key = iterator.next();
String value = map.get(key);
if (value != null) {
contentValues.put(key, value);
}
}
return contentValues;
}
@Override
public int update(T entity, T where) {
Map values = getValues(entity);
ContentValues contentValues = getContentValues(values);
//條件
Map whereMap = getValues(where);
Condition condition = new Condition(whereMap);
return database.update(tableName, contentValues, condition.whereClause, condition.whereArgs);
}
class Condition {
String whereClause;
String[] whereArgs;
public Condition(Map<String, String> whereClause) {
boolean flag = false;
if (true && flag) {
}
ArrayList list = new ArrayList();
StringBuilder stringBuilder = new StringBuilder();
// 這裏之因此先添加 1=1 這個條件 是由於
// SQL where 後面須要給條件判斷,而下面 while 循環 直接添加了 and
// SQL 語句就變成了 where and 這顯然不符合SQL語句
// 所以 加上 1=1 就變成了 where 1=1 and xx。起了一個呈上去下的做用
stringBuilder.append("1=1");
Set keys = whereClause.keySet();
Iterator iterator = keys.iterator();
while (iterator.hasNext()) {
String key = (String) iterator.next();
String value = whereClause.get(key);
if (value != null) {
stringBuilder.append(" and " + key + " =?");
list.add(value);
}
}
this.whereClause = stringBuilder.toString();
this.whereArgs = (String[]) list.toArray(new String[list.size()]);
}
}
@Override
public int delete(T where) {
Map map = getValues(where);
Condition condition = new Condition(map);
return database.delete(tableName, condition.whereClause, condition.whereArgs);
}
@Override
public List<T> query(T where) {
return query(where, null, null, null, null, null
);
}
//全部 條件
@Override
public List<T> query(T where, String groupBy, String orderBy, String having,Integer startIndex, Integer limit) {
String limitString=null;
if(startIndex!=null&&limit!=null)
{
limitString=startIndex+" , "+limit;
}
Map map=getValues(where);
Condition condition=new Condition(map);
Cursor cursor= database.query(tableName, null, condition.whereClause,
condition.whereArgs,
groupBy, having,
orderBy, limitString
);
// 封裝 --返回
List<T> result = getResult(cursor, where);
cursor.close();
return result;
}
private List<T> getResult(Cursor cursor, T where) {
ArrayList list=new ArrayList();
Object item;
while (cursor.moveToNext()) {
try {
// cachmap ---對象中的成員變量 Filed annotion-- tb_name
//cacheMap name ---Filed 1
// tb_name ---Filed 2
item=where.getClass().newInstance();
Iterator iterator=cacheMap.entrySet().iterator();
while (iterator.hasNext())
{
Map.Entry entry= (Map.Entry) iterator.next();
//tb_name
/** * 獲得列名 */
String colomunName= (String) entry.getKey();
// 經過列名查找到遊標的索性
Integer colmunIndex= cursor.getColumnIndex(colomunName);
// Filed
//反射的成員 cursor
Field field= (Field) entry.getValue();
Class type=field.getType();
if(colmunIndex!=-1)
{
//
if (type == String.class) {
field.set(item, cursor.getString(colmunIndex));
}else if(type==Double.class)
{
field.set(item,cursor.getDouble(colmunIndex));
}else if(type==Integer.class)
{
field.set(item,cursor.getInt(colmunIndex));
}else if(type==Long.class)
{
field.set(item,cursor.getLong(colmunIndex));
}else if(type==byte[].class)
{
field.set(item,cursor.getBlob(colmunIndex));
/* 不支持的類型 */
}else {
continue;
}
}
}
list.add(item);
} catch ( Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
return list;
}
}
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代碼分析:緩存
在這個BaseDao 裏面,幾乎分擔了數據表大部分的髒活累活,根據model結構自動生成對應SQL並建立對應表,以及基礎的增刪改查操做。markdown
public class UserDao<User> extends BaseDao<User> {
@Override
public Long insert(User entity) {
return super.insert(entity);
}
@Override
public List<User> query(User where) {
return super.query(where);
}
@Override
public int delete(User where) {
return super.delete(where);
}
@Override
public int update(User entity, User where) {
return super.update(entity, where);
}
@Override
public List<User> query(User where, String groupBy, String orderBy, String having, Integer startIndex, Integer limit) {
return super.query(where, groupBy, orderBy, having, startIndex, limit);
}
}
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public class PhotoDao<Photo> extends BaseDao<Photo> {
@Override
public Long insert(Photo entity) {
return super.insert(entity);
}
@Override
public int update(Photo entity, Photo where) {
return super.update(entity, where);
}
@Override
public List<Photo> query(Photo where) {
return super.query(where);
}
@Override
public int delete(Photo where) {
return super.delete(where);
}
}
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代碼分析:數據結構
雖然 BaseDao 已經完成了幾乎全部的操做,可是一旦遇到多表查詢的時候,光是一個BaseDao遠遠不夠。因此這裏仍是選擇建立不一樣model的Dao層,並繼承與BaseDao。也就是說,有多少表,最好就建立對應多少個Dao層。app
public class BaseDaoFactory {
private final String TAG = "hqk";
private SQLiteDatabase sqLiteDatabase;
private String sqliteDatabasePath;
private static BaseDaoFactory instance = new BaseDaoFactory();
//餓漢單例模式
public static BaseDaoFactory getInstance() {
return instance;
}
public BaseDaoFactory() {
//讀者可隨意更改路徑以及對應數據庫名,這裏演示暫時放在根目錄
sqliteDatabasePath = Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory().getAbsolutePath() + "/hqk.db";
sqLiteDatabase = SQLiteDatabase.openOrCreateDatabase(sqliteDatabasePath, null);
Log.i(TAG, "sqliteDatabasePath : " + sqliteDatabasePath);
Log.i(TAG, "sqLiteDatabase : " + sqLiteDatabase.getPath());
}
/** * @param clazz * @param entityClass * @param <R> 咱們在這能夠把它當作某一個對象,它繼承與 BaseDao<T> ,而裏面的T 就是下面的那個空對象 * @param <T> 咱們在這能夠吧它當作某一個空對象 T * @return */
public synchronized <R extends BaseDao<T>, T> R createBaseDao(Class<R> clazz, Class<T> entityClass) {
BaseDao baseDao = null;
try {
baseDao = clazz.newInstance();
baseDao.init(entityClass, sqLiteDatabase);
} catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (InstantiationException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return (R) baseDao;
}
}
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代碼分析
這裏也沒啥好分析的,就一個數據庫建立,以及對應model的初始化。惟一值得注意的就是初始化的時候用了倆個泛型,具體什麼意思,可按照代碼註釋理解。
@DbTable("tb_user")
public class User {
@DbPrimaryKey(value = "tb_id", isAuto = true)
@DbFiled("tb_id")
public Integer id;
@DbFiled("tb_name")
public String name;//
@DbFiled("tb_age")
public Integer age;
public User(String name, Integer age) {
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
}
public Integer getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(Integer id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public Integer getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(Integer age) {
this.age = age;
}
public User() {
}
}
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@DbTable("tb_photo")
public class Photo {
@DbFiled("time")
private String time;
@DbFiled("id")
private Long id;
@DbFiled("path")
private String path;
public Photo( ) {
}
public Photo(String time, Long id, String path) {
this.time = time;
this.id = id;
this.path = path;
}
public void setTime(String time) {
this.time = time;
}
public void setId(Long id) {
this.id = id;
}
public void setPath(String path) {
this.path = path;
}
}
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代碼分析
這倆類就是對應表結構model 類,用到了對應註解,相信經過註解可以清楚知道對應表結構是怎樣的。
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
UserDao<User> userDao;
PhotoDao<Photo> photoDao;
private ArrayList<User> listUser = new ArrayList<>();
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
requestPermission(this);
}
public void save(View view) {
User user = new User("hqk", 18);
long size = userDao.insert(user);
Photo photo = new Photo("time", System.currentTimeMillis(), "path");
long photoSize = photoDao.insert(photo);
Toast.makeText(this, "save line : " + size, Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
}
public void update(View view) {
User where = new User();
where.setAge(18);
int size = userDao.update(new User("TOM", 99), where);
Toast.makeText(this, "update Size : " + size, Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
}
public void delete(View view) {
User where = new User();
where.setAge(18);
int size = userDao.delete(where);
Toast.makeText(this, "delete Size : " + size, Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
}
public void queryList(View view) {
listUser.clear();
listUser.addAll(userDao.query(new User()));
Toast.makeText(this, "查詢條數爲:" + listUser.size(), Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
}
public void requestPermission( Activity activity) {
if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.M && ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(activity,
Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(activity, new String[]{
Manifest.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE,
Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE
}, 1);
return;
}
createTable();
}
private void createTable() {
userDao = BaseDaoFactory.getInstance().createBaseDao(UserDao.class, User.class);
photoDao = BaseDaoFactory.getInstance().createBaseDao(PhotoDao.class, Photo.class);
}
@Override
public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, String[] permissions, int[] grantResults) {
super.onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode, permissions, grantResults);
createTable();
}
}
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