輸入法編輯器（IME）程序設計（1）

時間 2020-03-05

原文原文鏈接

頭一次發譯的東西，確定會有很多錯誤，請你們多多斧正。

本人志在編寫中國最出色的輸入法，解放中國人的雙手。

今從零起步，朝成夕可死也。

Input Method Editor

An input method editor (IME) is a program that allows computer users to enter complex characters and symbols, such as Japanese Kanji characters, by using a standard keyboard.

輸入法編輯器（IME）是一個程序，這個程序容許計算機用戶使用標準鍵盤就能輸入複雜的字符與符號，例如日文中的漢字(嚴重反對！中文是世界上使用人口最多的文字，這裏應該是中文才好！)字符。

This overview describes the IME and explains how to use the input method manager functions to create and manage IME windows.

本預覽描述了IME，而且解釋說明了如何使用輸入法管理程序（IMM）函數來建立和管理IME窗口。

¨ 關於輸入法編輯器

¨ 使用輸入法編輯器

¨ 輸入法編輯器參考

About Input Method Editor

The input method editor relieves users of the need to remember all possible character values. Instead, the IME monitors the user's keystrokes, anticipates the characters the user may want, and presents a list of candidate characters from which to choose.

輸入法編輯器減輕了用戶記住全部可能字符值的須要，取而代之，IME監控用戶的擊鍵、預見用戶可能指望的字符，而且提供一個可選字符的列表，用戶能夠從中選擇想要的字符。

By default, the IME provides an IME window through which users enter keystrokes and view and select candidates. Applications can use the input method manager (IMM) functions and messages to create and manage their own IME windows, providing a custom interface while using the conversion capabilities of the IME.

默認狀況下，IME提供了一個IME窗口，經過這個窗口，用戶能夠用鍵盤輸入而且查看和選擇想要的字符。應用程序可使用輸入法管理器（IMM）函數和消息來建立而且管理其本身的IME窗口（好比QQ裏是五筆而Word裏倒是拼音），並在使用IME的轉換功能時提供一個自定義接口（不太明白）。

IMM is only enabled on East Asian (Chinese, Japanese, Korean) localized Windows. On these systems, call GetSystemMetrics with SM_DBCSENABLED to determine if IMM is enabled. Note that Windows 2000 provides full-featured IME support in all localized language versions, however, that IMM is enabled only when an Asian language pack is installed. An IME-enabled application can call GetSystemMetrics with SM_IMMENABLED to determine if IMM is enabled.

IMM只在東亞（中國，日本，韓國）本地化的Windows中才可用。在這些系統中，以SM_DBCSENABLED消息調用GetSystemMetrics函數來肯定IMM是否可用。注意，Windows 2000在全部本地化版本中都提供了全功能的IME支持，然而僅在安裝了亞洲語言包的時候IMM纔可用。一個IME-enabled（IME可用）的程序會以SM_IMMENABLED調用GetSystemMetrics函數來肯定IMM是否可用。

Status, Composition, and Candidates Windows

The status, composition, and candidates windows form the user interface for the IME. The status window indicates that the IME is open and provides the user the means to set the conversion modes. The composition window appears when the user enters text and, depending on the conversion mode, either displays the text as entered or displays converted text. The candidates window appears in conjunction with the composition window. It contains a list of "candidates" (alternative characters) for the selected character or characters in the composition window. The user can scroll through the candidates list and select the desired characters, then return to the composition window. The user can compose the desired text in this way until the composition string is finalized and the window is closed. The IME sends the composed characters to the application in the form of WM_IME_CHAR or WM_IME_COMPOSITION/GCS_RESULT messages. If the application does not process these messages, the DefWindowProc function translates them into one or more WM_CHAR messages.

狀態窗口、字母組合窗口和列選窗口構成了IME的用戶界面。狀態窗口指示出IME處於開啓狀態而且提供給用戶設置轉換模式的方法。字母組合窗口會在用戶輸入字符的時候出現，其形式基於轉換模式，同時顯示已經輸入的字母或者是已經轉換了的字符。（conversion mode轉換模式=輸入法，好比微軟拼音、五筆字型……其實不一樣的輸入法的本質是不一樣的轉換規則。）列選窗口會緊挨着字母組合窗口顯示。它包含了一個由「候選條目」構成的列表，此列表匹配選中字符或者是字母組合窗口中的字符。用戶能夠滾動列選窗口而且選擇想要的字符，而後（焦點）返回到字母組合窗口。藉此用戶能夠組合想要的文本直到字符組合成的字符串結束，窗口會關閉。IME將使用WM_IME_CHAR或 WM_IME_COMPOSITION/GCS_RESULT消息把組合好的字符發送給窗體中的應用程序。若是應用程序沒有處理這些消息，DefWindowProc函數會把它們翻譯成一條或多條WM_CHAR消息。

By default, the system automatically creates and manages status, composition, and candidates windows for all windows that require text input. For many applications, this default processing is sufficient. These applications rely entirely on the system for IME support and are said to be IME-unaware because they are unaware of the many tasks the system carries out to manage the IME windows.

默認狀況下，系統會爲全部要求輸入文本的窗口自動生成並管理狀態窗口、字母組合窗口和列選窗口。對於許多程序，這一默認處理已經足夠了。這些徹底依賴於系統提供IME支持的應用程序稱爲IME-unaware（IME無感知）程序，緣由在於它們對系統爲管理IME窗口所完成的諸多任務毫無感受。

An IME-aware application, on the other hand, participates in the creation and management of IME windows. Such applications control the operation, position, and appearance of the default windows by sending messages to and by intercepting and processing messages intended for these windows. In some cases, applications create their own IME windows and provide complete processing for their custom status, composition and candidates windows.

相反，一個IME-aware（IME感知）程序會參與IME窗口的建立與管理。例如程序可能經過發送或截取消息而且有目的地對這些（IME）窗口消息進行處理，來控制默認（IME）窗口的選項、位置和外觀。有些狀況下，應用程序會建立它們本身的IME窗口而且對其自定義的狀態、字母組合和列選窗口提供徹底的控制處理。

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