Ubuntu 18.04 安裝配置 MySQL 5.7

Ubuntu 18.04 安裝 mysql 的過程當中，居然沒有讓你輸入祕密？！（以前在 Ubuntu 14.04 下，安裝過程當中會詢問密碼），這致使安裝完 mysql 初始祕密不知道的問題。

$ sudo apt-get install mysql-server-5.7

解決方法以下：

1）安裝完成後，會生成文件 /etc/mysql/debian.cnf ，初始用戶名和祕密以下 (這裏密碼是隨機的)

$ sudo cat /etc/mysql/debian.cnf 
# Automatically generated for Debian scripts. DO NOT TOUCH!
[client]
host     = localhost
user     = debian-sys-maint
password = 63vIY3PtyKh10cmZ
socket   = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock
[mysql_upgrade]
host     = localhost
user     = debian-sys-maint
password = 63vIY3PtyKh10cmZ
socket   = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock

2）使用這個用戶名和祕密登錄 mysql

$ mysql -h 127.0.0.1 -u debian-sys-maint -p
Enter password: 
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.7.26-0ubuntu0.18.04.1 (Ubuntu)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> 

3）而後作以下操做（這裏設置祕密爲 1，讀者請自行設置本身的密碼）

mysql> update mysql.user set authentication_string=password('1') where user='root' and host='localhost';
Query OK, 1 row affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
Rows matched: 1  Changed: 1  Warnings: 1

mysql> update user set plugin='mysql_native_password';
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
Rows matched: 4  Changed: 1  Warnings: 0

mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> quit;
Bye

4）從新啓動 mysql

$ sudo service mysql restart

5）以後就可使用 root 登錄了

$ mysql -h 127.0.0.1 -u root -p
Enter password: 
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.7.26-0ubuntu0.18.04.1 (Ubuntu)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> 

6）檢查默認字符編碼

mysql> show variables like 'character_set_%';
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| Variable_name            | Value                      |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| character_set_client     | utf8                       |
| character_set_connection | utf8                       |
| character_set_database   | latin1                     |
| character_set_filesystem | binary                     |
| character_set_results    | utf8                       |
| character_set_server     | latin1                     |
| character_set_system     | utf8                       |
| character_sets_dir       | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
8 rows in set (0.00 sec)

　　將其改成 utf8，打開 /etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d/mysqld.cnf，在最後添加一句，

character-set-server=utf8

　　從新啓動 mysql，

$ sudo service mysql restart

　　再次查看字符編碼，

mysql> show variables like 'character_set_%';
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| Variable_name            | Value                      |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| character_set_client     | utf8                       |
| character_set_connection | utf8                       |
| character_set_database   | utf8                       |
| character_set_filesystem | binary                     |
| character_set_results    | utf8                       |
| character_set_server     | utf8                       |
| character_set_system     | utf8                       |
| character_sets_dir       | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
8 rows in set (0.01 sec)

 

7）使用 mycli 自動補全

 默認 mysql 命令行登錄後，輸入命令不會提示及自動補全，很是麻煩，經過使用 mycli 自動補全會方便不少。

安裝以下，

$ sudo pip install -i https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple/ mycli

使用 mycli 啓動數據庫鏈接，

$ mycli -h 127.0.0.1 -u root -p ******** ( here your DB password)

 

8)  安裝 mysql 的 python 藉口 mysqlclient (Django 對此接口的支持比 mysql-connector-python 好)

$ sudo apt-get install default-libmysqlclient-dev
$ sudo pip3 install -i https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple/ mysqlclient

 

本文參考網友博客：http://www.javashuo.com/article/p-nxxxmvqx-ng.html