MySQL/MariaDB數據庫的冷備份和還原
MySQL/MariaDB數據庫的冷備份和還原html
做者：尹正傑 node
版權聲明：原創做品，謝絕轉載！不然將追究法律責任。mysql
一.MySQL/MariaDB數據庫的備份和還原概述linux
1>.爲何要備份sql
爲了預防災難恢復：硬件故障、軟件故障、天然災害、黑客攻擊、誤操做測試等數據丟失場景。
2>.備份注意要點數據庫
能容忍最多丟失多少數據
恢復數據須要在多長時間內完成
須要恢復哪些數據
3>.還原要點vim
作還原測試，用於測試備份的可用性
還原演練(備份和備份成功是兩碼事！必定要進行還原演練！！！最好有相關的操做文檔，遇到問題你也不慌了直接按照你本身寫的文檔執行就好！)
4>.備份類型centos
徹底備份：
整個數據集
部分備份：
只備份數據子集，如部分庫或表
徹底備份、增量備份、差別備份
增量備份：僅備份最近一次徹底備份或增量備份（若是存在增量）以來變化的數據，備份較快，還原複雜
差別備份：僅備份最近一次徹底備份以來變化的數據，備份較慢，還原簡單
舒適提示：
二進制日誌文件不該該與數據文件放在同一磁盤
5>.冷、溫、熱備份服務器
冷備：
讀寫操做均不可進行
溫備：
讀操做可執行；但寫操做不可執行
熱備：
讀寫操做都可執行
存儲引擎支持的備份類型:
MyISAM：支持冷備和溫備，不支持熱備
InnoDB：都支持
6>.物理和邏輯備份app
物理備份：
直接複製數據文件進行備份，與存儲引擎有關，佔用較多的空間，速度快
邏輯備份：
從數據庫中「導出」數據另存而進行的備份，與存儲引擎無關，佔用空間少，速度慢，可能丟失精度
7>.備份時須要考慮的因素
溫備的持鎖多久
備份產生的負載
備份過程的時長
恢復過程的時長
8>.備份什麼
數據
二進制日誌、InnoDB的事務日誌
程序代碼（存儲過程、函數、觸發器、事件調度器）
服務器的配置文件
9>.備份工具
cp, tar等複製歸檔工具：
物理備份工具，適用全部存儲引擎；只支持冷備；徹底和部分備份
LVM的快照：
先加鎖，作快照後解鎖，幾乎熱備；藉助文件系統工具進行備份
mysqldump：
邏輯備份工具，適用全部存儲引擎，溫備；支持徹底或部分備份；對InnoDB存儲引擎支持熱備，結合binlog的增量備份
xtrabackup：
由Percona提供支持對InnoDB作熱備(物理備份)的工具，支持徹底備份、增量備份
MariaDB Backup：
從MariaDB 10.1.26開始集成，基於Percona XtraBackup 2.3.8實現
mysqlbackup：
熱備份， MySQL Enterprise Edition組件
mysqlhotcopy：
PERL 語言實現，幾乎冷備，僅適用於MyISAM存儲引擎，使用LOCK TABLES、FLUSH TABLES和cp或scp來快速備份數據庫
二.冷備份實戰案例(徹底備份)
爲了試驗方便，本案例採用多實例來模擬數據庫的備份，關於MySQL的多實例安裝方式可參考我以前的筆記。 博主推薦閱讀: https://www.cnblogs.com/yinzhengjie/p/11741690.html
1>.查看兩個實例的數據庫信息
[root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# /mysql/3306/mysqld start Starting MySQL... [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# ss -ntl State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:* LISTEN 0 80 :::3306 :::* LISTEN 0 128 :::22 :::* [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# mysql -uroot -pyinzhengjie -S /mysql/3306/socket/mysql.sock Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MariaDB connection id is 9 Server version: 10.2.19-MariaDB-log MariaDB Server Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. MariaDB [(none)]> MariaDB [(none)]> SHOW DATABASES; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | mysql | | performance_schema | | yinzhengjie | +--------------------+ 4 rows in set (0.00 sec) MariaDB [(none)]> MariaDB [(none)]> USE yinzhengjie Database changed MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> SHOW TABLES; +-----------------------+ | Tables_in_yinzhengjie | +-----------------------+ | classes | | coc | | courses | | scores | | students | | teachers | | toc | +-----------------------+ 7 rows in set (0.00 sec) MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> SELECT * FROM students; +-------+---------------+-----+--------+---------+-----------+ | StuID | Name | Age | Gender | ClassID | TeacherID | +-------+---------------+-----+--------+---------+-----------+ | 1 | Shi Zhongyu | 22 | M | 2 | 3 | | 2 | Shi Potian | 22 | M | 1 | 7 | | 3 | Xie Yanke | 53 | M | 2 | 16 | | 4 | Ding Dian | 32 | M | 4 | 4 | | 5 | Yu Yutong | 26 | M | 3 | 1 | | 6 | Shi Qing | 46 | M | 5 | NULL | | 7 | Xi Ren | 19 | F | 3 | NULL | | 8 | Lin Daiyu | 17 | F | 7 | NULL | | 9 | Ren Yingying | 20 | F | 6 | NULL | | 10 | Yue Lingshan | 19 | F | 3 | NULL | | 11 | Yuan Chengzhi | 23 | M | 6 | NULL | | 12 | Wen Qingqing | 19 | F | 1 | NULL | | 13 | Tian Boguang | 33 | M | 2 | NULL | | 14 | Lu Wushuang | 17 | F | 3 | NULL | | 15 | Duan Yu | 19 | M | 4 | NULL | | 16 | Xu Zhu | 21 | M | 1 | NULL | | 17 | Lin Chong | 25 | M | 4 | NULL | | 18 | Hua Rong | 23 | M | 7 | NULL | | 19 | Xue Baochai | 18 | F | 6 | NULL | | 20 | Diao Chan | 19 | F | 7 | NULL | | 21 | Huang Yueying | 22 | F | 6 | NULL | | 22 | Xiao Qiao | 20 | F | 1 | NULL | | 23 | Ma Chao | 23 | M | 4 | NULL | | 24 | Xu Xian | 27 | M | NULL | NULL | | 25 | Sun Dasheng | 100 | M | NULL | NULL | +-------+---------------+-----+--------+---------+-----------+ 25 rows in set (0.00 sec) MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> QUIT Bye [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
[root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# /mysql/3307/mysqld start Starting MySQL... [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# ss -ntl State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:* LISTEN 0 80 :::3306 :::* LISTEN 0 80 :::3307 :::* LISTEN 0 128 :::22 :::* [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# mysql -uroot -pyinzhengjie -S /mysql/3307/socket/mysql.sock Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MariaDB connection id is 8 Server version: 10.2.19-MariaDB MariaDB Server Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. MariaDB [(none)]> MariaDB [(none)]> SHOW DATABASES; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | mysql | | performance_schema | +--------------------+ 3 rows in set (0.00 sec) MariaDB [(none)]> MariaDB [(none)]> QUIT Bye [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
2>.關閉兩個實例並將主節點的數據拷貝到從節點並修改相應的權限
[root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# ss -ntl State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:* LISTEN 0 80 :::3306 :::* LISTEN 0 80 :::3307 :::* LISTEN 0 128 :::22 :::* [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# /mysql/3307/mysqld stop Stoping MySQL... [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# /mysql/3306/mysqld stop Stoping MySQL... [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# ss -ntl State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:* LISTEN 0 128 :::22 :::* [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
[root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# ll /mysql/3306/data/ total 176204 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 16384 Nov 5 07:18 aria_log.00000001 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 52 Nov 5 07:18 aria_log_control -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 2926 Nov 5 07:18 ib_buffer_pool -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 79691776 Nov 5 07:18 ibdata1 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 50331648 Nov 5 07:18 ib_logfile0 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 50331648 Oct 26 22:17 ib_logfile1 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 0 Oct 26 23:26 multi-master.info drwx------ 2 mysql mysql 4096 Oct 26 22:17 mysql -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 29032 Oct 26 22:17 mysql-bin.000001 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 19 Oct 26 22:17 mysql-bin.index -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 7 Oct 26 22:17 mysql-bin.state -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 3880 Nov 4 18:48 node105.log -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 948 Nov 4 17:41 node105-slow.log drwx------ 2 mysql mysql 20 Oct 26 22:17 performance_schema drwx------ 2 mysql mysql 272 Nov 4 22:03 yinzhengjie [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# ll /mysql/3307/data/ total 110660 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 16384 Nov 5 07:18 aria_log.00000001 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 52 Nov 5 07:18 aria_log_control -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 942 Nov 5 07:18 ib_buffer_pool -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 12582912 Nov 5 07:18 ibdata1 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 50331648 Nov 5 07:18 ib_logfile0 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 50331648 Oct 26 22:38 ib_logfile1 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 0 Oct 26 23:27 multi-master.info drwx------ 2 mysql mysql 4096 Oct 26 22:38 mysql -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 29032 Oct 26 22:38 mysql-bin.000001 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 19 Oct 26 22:38 mysql-bin.index -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 7 Oct 26 22:38 mysql-bin.state drwx------ 2 mysql mysql 20 Oct 26 22:38 performance_schema [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# scp -r /mysql/3306/data/* /mysql/3307/data/ [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# ll /mysql/3307/data/ total 262028 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 16384 Nov 5 07:21 aria_log.00000001 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 52 Nov 5 07:21 aria_log_control -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 2926 Nov 5 07:21 ib_buffer_pool -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 79691776 Nov 5 07:21 ibdata1 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 50331648 Nov 5 07:21 ib_logfile0 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 50331648 Nov 5 07:21 ib_logfile1 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 0 Nov 5 07:21 multi-master.info drwx------ 2 mysql mysql 4096 Oct 26 22:38 mysql -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 29032 Nov 5 07:21 mysql-bin.000001 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 19 Nov 5 07:21 mysql-bin.index -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 7 Nov 5 07:21 mysql-bin.state -rw-r----- 1 root root 3880 Nov 5 07:21 node105.log -rw-r----- 1 root root 948 Nov 5 07:21 node105-slow.log drwx------ 2 mysql mysql 20 Oct 26 22:38 performance_schema drwx------ 2 root root 272 Nov 5 07:21 yinzhengjie [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
[root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# ll /mysql/3306/data/ total 176204 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 16384 Nov 5 07:18 aria_log.00000001 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 52 Nov 5 07:18 aria_log_control -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 2926 Nov 5 07:18 ib_buffer_pool -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 79691776 Nov 5 07:18 ibdata1 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 50331648 Nov 5 07:18 ib_logfile0 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 50331648 Oct 26 22:17 ib_logfile1 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 0 Oct 26 23:26 multi-master.info drwx------ 2 mysql mysql 4096 Oct 26 22:17 mysql -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 29032 Oct 26 22:17 mysql-bin.000001 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 19 Oct 26 22:17 mysql-bin.index -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 7 Oct 26 22:17 mysql-bin.state -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 3880 Nov 4 18:48 node105.log -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 948 Nov 4 17:41 node105-slow.log drwx------ 2 mysql mysql 20 Oct 26 22:17 performance_schema drwx------ 2 mysql mysql 272 Nov 4 22:03 yinzhengjie [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# ll /mysql/3307/data/ total 262028 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 16384 Nov 5 07:21 aria_log.00000001 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 52 Nov 5 07:21 aria_log_control -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 2926 Nov 5 07:21 ib_buffer_pool -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 79691776 Nov 5 07:21 ibdata1 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 50331648 Nov 5 07:21 ib_logfile0 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 50331648 Nov 5 07:21 ib_logfile1 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 0 Nov 5 07:21 multi-master.info drwx------ 2 mysql mysql 4096 Oct 26 22:38 mysql -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 29032 Nov 5 07:21 mysql-bin.000001 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 19 Nov 5 07:21 mysql-bin.index -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 7 Nov 5 07:21 mysql-bin.state -rw-r----- 1 root root 3880 Nov 5 07:21 node105.log -rw-r----- 1 root root 948 Nov 5 07:21 node105-slow.log drwx------ 2 mysql mysql 20 Oct 26 22:38 performance_schema drwx------ 2 root root 272 Nov 5 07:21 yinzhengjie [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# chown -R mysql:mysql /mysql/3307/data/ [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# ll /mysql/3307/data/ total 262028 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 16384 Nov 5 07:21 aria_log.00000001 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 52 Nov 5 07:21 aria_log_control -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 2926 Nov 5 07:21 ib_buffer_pool -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 79691776 Nov 5 07:21 ibdata1 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 50331648 Nov 5 07:21 ib_logfile0 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 50331648 Nov 5 07:21 ib_logfile1 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 0 Nov 5 07:21 multi-master.info drwx------ 2 mysql mysql 4096 Oct 26 22:38 mysql -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 29032 Nov 5 07:21 mysql-bin.000001 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 19 Nov 5 07:21 mysql-bin.index -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 7 Nov 5 07:21 mysql-bin.state -rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 3880 Nov 5 07:21 node105.log -rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 948 Nov 5 07:21 node105-slow.log drwx------ 2 mysql mysql 20 Oct 26 22:38 performance_schema drwx------ 2 mysql mysql 272 Nov 5 07:21 yinzhengjie [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
3>.啓動從節點實例驗證備份是否成功
[root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# /mysql/3307/mysqld start Starting MySQL... [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# ss -ntl State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:* LISTEN 0 80 :::3307 :::* LISTEN 0 128 :::22 :::* [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# mysql -uroot -pyinzhengjie -S /mysql/3307/socket/mysql.sock Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MariaDB connection id is 8 Server version: 10.2.19-MariaDB MariaDB Server Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. MariaDB [(none)]> MariaDB [(none)]> SHOW DATABASES; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | mysql | | performance_schema | | yinzhengjie | +--------------------+ 4 rows in set (0.00 sec) MariaDB [(none)]> MariaDB [(none)]> USE yinzhengjie Database changed MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> SHOW TABLES; +-----------------------+ | Tables_in_yinzhengjie | +-----------------------+ | classes | | coc | | courses | | scores | | students | | teachers | | toc | +-----------------------+ 7 rows in set (0.00 sec) MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> SELECT * FROM students; +-------+---------------+-----+--------+---------+-----------+ | StuID | Name | Age | Gender | ClassID | TeacherID | +-------+---------------+-----+--------+---------+-----------+ | 1 | Shi Zhongyu | 22 | M | 2 | 3 | | 2 | Shi Potian | 22 | M | 1 | 7 | | 3 | Xie Yanke | 53 | M | 2 | 16 | | 4 | Ding Dian | 32 | M | 4 | 4 | | 5 | Yu Yutong | 26 | M | 3 | 1 | | 6 | Shi Qing | 46 | M | 5 | NULL | | 7 | Xi Ren | 19 | F | 3 | NULL | | 8 | Lin Daiyu | 17 | F | 7 | NULL | | 9 | Ren Yingying | 20 | F | 6 | NULL | | 10 | Yue Lingshan | 19 | F | 3 | NULL | | 11 | Yuan Chengzhi | 23 | M | 6 | NULL | | 12 | Wen Qingqing | 19 | F | 1 | NULL | | 13 | Tian Boguang | 33 | M | 2 | NULL | | 14 | Lu Wushuang | 17 | F | 3 | NULL | | 15 | Duan Yu | 19 | M | 4 | NULL | | 16 | Xu Zhu | 21 | M | 1 | NULL | | 17 | Lin Chong | 25 | M | 4 | NULL | | 18 | Hua Rong | 23 | M | 7 | NULL | | 19 | Xue Baochai | 18 | F | 6 | NULL | | 20 | Diao Chan | 19 | F | 7 | NULL | | 21 | Huang Yueying | 22 | F | 6 | NULL | | 22 | Xiao Qiao | 20 | F | 1 | NULL | | 23 | Ma Chao | 23 | M | 4 | NULL | | 24 | Xu Xian | 27 | M | NULL | NULL | | 25 | Sun Dasheng | 100 | M | NULL | NULL | +-------+---------------+-----+--------+---------+-----------+ 25 rows in set (0.00 sec) MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> MariaDB [yinzhengjie]>
三.基於LVM的備份
1>.請求鎖定全部表
2>.記錄二進制日誌文件及事件位置
3>.建立快照
4>.釋放鎖
5>.掛載快照卷，執行數據備份(注意:用戶可進行讀寫操做,但該過程會下降服務器性能)
[root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# lsblk NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT sda 8:0 0 1000G 0 disk ├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part /boot └─sda2 8:2 0 999G 0 part ├─centos-root 253:0 0 50G 0 lvm / ├─centos-swap 253:1 0 2G 0 lvm [SWAP] └─centos-home 253:2 0 947G 0 lvm /home sdb 8:16 0 50G 0 disk sr0 11:0 1 1024M 0 rom [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2). Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them. Be careful before using the write command. Device does not contain a recognized partition table Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x0ba7f903. Command (m for help): p Disk /dev/sdb: 53.7 GB, 53687091200 bytes, 104857600 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk label type: dos Disk identifier: 0x0ba7f903 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System Command (m for help): n Partition type: p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free) e extended Select (default p): p Partition number (1-4, default 1): First sector (2048-104857599, default 2048): Using default value 2048 Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-104857599, default 104857599): +5G Partition 1 of type Linux and of size 5 GiB is set Command (m for help): t Selected partition 1 Hex code (type L to list all codes): 8e Changed type of partition 'Linux' to 'Linux LVM' Command (m for help): p Disk /dev/sdb: 53.7 GB, 53687091200 bytes, 104857600 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk label type: dos Disk identifier: 0x0ba7f903 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 2048 10487807 5242880 8e Linux LVM Command (m for help): w The partition table has been altered! Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table. Syncing disks. [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
[root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# lsblk NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT sda 8:0 0 1000G 0 disk ├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part /boot └─sda2 8:2 0 999G 0 part ├─centos-root 253:0 0 50G 0 lvm / ├─centos-swap 253:1 0 2G 0 lvm [SWAP] └─centos-home 253:2 0 947G 0 lvm /home sdb 8:16 0 50G 0 disk └─sdb1 8:17 0 5G 0 part sr0 11:0 1 1024M 0 rom [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# partprobe #同步分區信息 [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# lsblk NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT sda 8:0 0 1000G 0 disk ├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part /boot └─sda2 8:2 0 999G 0 part ├─centos-root 253:0 0 50G 0 lvm / ├─centos-swap 253:1 0 2G 0 lvm [SWAP] └─centos-home 253:2 0 947G 0 lvm /home sdb 8:16 0 50G 0 disk └─sdb1 8:17 0 5G 0 part sr0 11:0 1 1024M 0 rom [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
[root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# lsblk NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT sda 8:0 0 1000G 0 disk ├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part /boot └─sda2 8:2 0 999G 0 part ├─centos-root 253:0 0 50G 0 lvm / ├─centos-swap 253:1 0 2G 0 lvm [SWAP] └─centos-home 253:2 0 947G 0 lvm /home sdb 8:16 0 50G 0 disk └─sdb1 8:17 0 5G 0 part sr0 11:0 1 1024M 0 rom [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# pvcreate /dev/sdb1 #建立物理卷 Physical volume "/dev/sdb1" successfully created. [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# vgcreate vg0 /dev/sdb1 #建立卷組 Volume group "vg0" successfully created [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# lvcreate -n mysql -L 1G vg0 #建立名爲mysql的邏輯卷 Logical volume "mysql" created. [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# lvcreate -n binlog -L 1G vg0 #建立名爲binlog的邏輯卷 Logical volume "binlog" created. [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# lvs LV VG Attr LSize Pool Origin Data% Meta% Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert home centos -wi-ao---- 946.99g root centos -wi-ao---- 50.00g swap centos -wi-ao---- 2.00g binlog vg0 -wi-a----- 1.00g mysql vg0 -wi-a----- 1.00g [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# lsblk NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT sda 8:0 0 1000G 0 disk ├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part /boot └─sda2 8:2 0 999G 0 part ├─centos-root 253:0 0 50G 0 lvm / ├─centos-swap 253:1 0 2G 0 lvm [SWAP] └─centos-home 253:2 0 947G 0 lvm /home sdb 8:16 0 50G 0 disk └─sdb1 8:17 0 5G 0 part ├─vg0-mysql 253:3 0 1G 0 lvm └─vg0-binlog 253:4 0 1G 0 lvm sr0 11:0 1 1024M 0 rom [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
[root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# mkfs.xfs /dev/vg0/mysql meta-data=/dev/vg0/mysql isize=512 agcount=4, agsize=65536 blks = sectsz=512 attr=2, projid32bit=1 = crc=1 finobt=0, sparse=0 data = bsize=4096 blocks=262144, imaxpct=25 = sunit=0 swidth=0 blks naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0 ftype=1 log =internal log bsize=4096 blocks=2560, version=2 = sectsz=512 sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1 realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0 [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# mkfs.xfs /dev/vg0/binlog meta-data=/dev/vg0/binlog isize=512 agcount=4, agsize=65536 blks = sectsz=512 attr=2, projid32bit=1 = crc=1 finobt=0, sparse=0 data = bsize=4096 blocks=262144, imaxpct=25 = sunit=0 swidth=0 blks naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0 ftype=1 log =internal log bsize=4096 blocks=2560, version=2 = sectsz=512 sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1 realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0 [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# blkid /dev/sda1: UUID="8464dcda-1c53-46f4-9af1-c5e0b0321eed" TYPE="xfs" /dev/sda2: UUID="dvckLL-l1Y6-BQtf-VTx5-NHL7-2Gf0-n2ZzXp" TYPE="LVM2_member" /dev/sdb1: UUID="19dBzc-s160-ZgAl-ssGZ-7Mzf-52f3-tAb9jm" TYPE="LVM2_member" /dev/mapper/centos-root: UUID="9a7895fd-f750-43db-a863-052a35542278" TYPE="xfs" /dev/mapper/centos-swap: UUID="d5f2e7d3-4917-431b-8679-bcedee595ff9" TYPE="swap" /dev/mapper/centos-home: UUID="20688187-61a7-4cae-b9a3-f215ea37a0e8" TYPE="xfs" /dev/mapper/vg0-mysql: UUID="34772274-02e8-4943-a2d2-9dad20aa7e8e" TYPE="xfs" /dev/mapper/vg0-binlog: UUID="30f93a13-98d4-49bd-896c-98f0b3b6014e" TYPE="xfs" [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# mkdir -pv /mydata/{mysql,binlog} mkdir: created directory ‘/mydata’ mkdir: created directory ‘/mydata/mysql’ mkdir: created directory ‘/mydata/binlog’ [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# mount /dev/vg0/mysql /mydata/mysql/ #這是臨時掛載，生產環境應該寫入"/etc/fstab" [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# mount /dev/vg0/binlog /mydata/binlog/ [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# df Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on /dev/mapper/centos-root 52403200 3592648 48810552 7% / devtmpfs 929020 0 929020 0% /dev tmpfs 941148 0 941148 0% /dev/shm tmpfs 941148 8776 932372 1% /run tmpfs 941148 0 941148 0% /sys/fs/cgroup /dev/sda1 1038336 148576 889760 15% /boot /dev/mapper/centos-home 992508420 426364 992082056 1% /home tmpfs 188232 0 188232 0% /run/user/0 /dev/mapper/vg0-mysql 1038336 32992 1005344 4% /mydata/mysql /dev/mapper/vg0-binlog 1038336 32992 1005344 4% /mydata/binlog [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
[root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# cat /mysql/3306/etc/my.cnf [mysqld] log_bin = /data/logbin/mysql-bin binlog_format = STATEMENT character-set-server = utf8mb4 default_storage_engine = InnoDB port = 3306 datadir = /mysql/3306/data socket = /mysql/3306/socket/mysql.sock [mysqld_safe] log-error = /mysql/3306/log/mariadb.log pid-file = /mysql/3306/pid/mariadb.pid [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# vim /mysql/3306/etc/my.cnf [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# cat /mysql/3306/etc/my.cnf #我們也能夠規劃更詳細的目錄 [mysqld] log_bin = /mydata/binlog/mysql-bin binlog_format = STATEMENT character-set-server = utf8mb4 default_storage_engine = InnoDB port = 3306 datadir = /mydata/mysql socket = /mydata/mysql/mysql.sock [mysqld_safe] log-error = /mydata/mysql/mariadb.log pid-file = /mydata/mysql/mariadb.pid [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# cp -a /data/logbin/* /mydata/binlog/ [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# ll /mydata/binlog/ total 12 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 351 Nov 5 07:14 mysql-bin.000003 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 351 Nov 5 07:18 mysql-bin.000004 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 60 Nov 5 07:14 mysql-bin.index -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 0 Nov 5 07:18 mysql-bin.state [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# cp -a /mysql/3306/data/* /mydata/mysql/ [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# ll /mydata/mysql/ total 176204 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 16384 Nov 5 07:18 aria_log.00000001 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 52 Nov 5 07:18 aria_log_control -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 2926 Nov 5 07:18 ib_buffer_pool -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 79691776 Nov 5 07:18 ibdata1 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 50331648 Nov 5 07:18 ib_logfile0 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 50331648 Oct 26 22:17 ib_logfile1 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 0 Oct 26 23:26 multi-master.info drwx------ 2 mysql mysql 4096 Oct 26 22:17 mysql -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 29032 Oct 26 22:17 mysql-bin.000001 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 19 Oct 26 22:17 mysql-bin.index -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 7 Oct 26 22:17 mysql-bin.state -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 3880 Nov 4 18:48 node105.log -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 948 Nov 4 17:41 node105-slow.log drwx------ 2 mysql mysql 20 Oct 26 22:17 performance_schema drwx------ 2 mysql mysql 272 Nov 4 22:03 yinzhengjie [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
[root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# ll /mydata/ total 0 drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 100 Nov 5 08:08 binlog drwxr-xr-x 5 root root 326 Nov 5 08:06 mysql [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# chown mysql:mysql -R /mydata/ [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# ll /mydata/ total 0 drwxr-xr-x 2 mysql mysql 100 Nov 5 08:08 binlog drwxr-xr-x 5 mysql mysql 326 Nov 5 08:06 mysql [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# ss -ntl State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:* LISTEN 0 128 :::22 :::* [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# /mysql/3306/mysqld start Starting MySQL... [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# ss -ntl State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:* LISTEN 0 80 :::3306 :::* LISTEN 0 128 :::22 :::* [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# mysql -uroot -pyinzhengjie -S /mydata/mysql/mysql.sock Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MariaDB connection id is 9 Server version: 10.2.19-MariaDB-log MariaDB Server Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. MariaDB [(none)]> MariaDB [(none)]> SHOW BINARY LOGS; +------------------+-----------+ | Log_name | File_size | +------------------+-----------+ | mysql-bin.000003 | 351 | | mysql-bin.000004 | 351 | | mysql-bin.000005 | 328 | +------------------+-----------+ 3 rows in set (0.00 sec) MariaDB [(none)]> MariaDB [(none)]> SYSTEM ls /mydata/binlog mysql-bin.000003 mysql-bin.000004 mysql-bin.000005 mysql-bin.index MariaDB [(none)]> MariaDB [(none)]>
6>.備份完成後，刪除快照卷
7>.制定好策略，經過原卷備份二進制日誌
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