使用kickstart應答文件實現少許主機的系統自動化安裝

讓電腦自動完成安裝，咱們要把分區、root口令等告訴電腦，咱們用一個（應答文件的文本文件）將設置寫入其中，讓安裝嚮導找到該應答文件便可自動安裝。
準備素材：centos七、centos7mini(最小化安裝版本)
此實驗以centos7爲例，centos6相似

##### A、[root@localhost ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg
此文件anaconda-ks.cfg爲記錄了咱們是如何安裝系統的。
##### B、將網卡配置文件的  onboot  改成  yes
[root@localhost ~]# vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens33
TYPE=Ethernet
PROXY_METHOD=none
BROWSER_ONLY=no
BOOTPROTO=dhcp
DEFROUTE=yes
IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=no
IPV6INIT=yes
IPV6_AUTOCONF=yes
IPV6_DEFROUTE=yes
IPV6_FAILURE_FATAL=no
IPV6_ADDR_GEN_MODE=stable-privacy
NAME=ens33
UUID=bd070b36-c892-43b7-a8c8-d179b44c1d3c
DEVICE=ens33
ONBOOT=yes
~            
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart network

##### C、主機 centos7 ssh上遠程的 centos7mini
[root@centos7 ~]# ssh 192.168.58.133
root@192.168.58.133's password: 
Last login: Wed Jan 30 12:49:40 2019 from 192.168.58.1
[root@localhost ~]# scp anaconda-ks.cfg  192.168.58.254:/data
root@192.168.58.254's password: 
anaconda-ks.cfg                100% 1421   120.3KB/s   00:00    
[root@localhost ~]# exit
logout
Connection to 192.168.58.133 closed.
此處是將 anaconda-ks.cfg 文件拷貝到主機上

##### D、咱們能夠把 anaconda-ks.cf 文件當作最小化安裝的模板。以下：
[root@centos7 ~]# cd /data
[root@centos7 data]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg  hallo.sh  magedu.pubkey
[root@centos7 data]# vim anaconda-ks.cfg 
#version=DEVEL                                                   
# System authorization information
auth --enableshadow --passalgo=sha512
# Use CDROM installation media
cdrom
# Use graphical install
graphical
# Run the Setup Agent on first boot
firstboot --enable
ignoredisk --only-use=sda
# Keyboard layouts
keyboard --vckeymap=us --xlayouts='us'
# System language
lang en_US.UTF-8

# Network information
network  --bootproto=dhcp --device=ens33 --onboot=off --ipv6=auto --no-activate
network  --hostname=localhost.localdomain

# Root password
rootpw --iscrypted $6$V2eP8pESlfKIToP8$NVcSm0geeSV4X1cd1lccrs9FAdK1rbj6EczSviVmoz75Znj5GaI.qY7jA0H1dmbh.hsI2ZIHtaR3Ko0/Xku9B1
# System services
services --disabled="chronyd"
# System timezone
timezone Asia/Shanghai --isUtc --nontp
"anaconda-ks.cfg" 48L, 1421C                   1,1           Top

##### E、此時咱們要先安裝圖像界面的文件，以下：
[root@centos7 data]# yum install system-config-kickstart
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
base                                      | 3.6 kB     00:00     
epel                                      | 4.7 kB     00:00     
(1/2): epel/updateinfo                      | 954 kB   00:00     
(2/2): epel/primary_db                      | 6.6 MB   00:01     
Dependency Installed:
  gnome-python2.x86_64 0:2.28.1-14.el7                           
  gnome-python2-canvas.x86_64 0:2.28.1-14.el7                    
  libart_lgpl.x86_64 0:2.3.21-10.el7                             
  libgnomecanvas.x86_64 0:2.30.3-8.el7                           
  rarian.x86_64 0:0.8.1-11.el7                                   
  rarian-compat.x86_64 0:0.8.1-11.el7                            
  system-config-date.noarch 0:1.10.6-3.el7.centos                
  system-config-date-docs.noarch 0:1.0.11-4.el7                  
  system-config-keyboard.noarch 0:1.4.0-5.el7                    
  system-config-keyboard-base.noarch 0:1.4.0-5.el7               
  system-config-language.noarch 0:1.4.0-9.el7                    
  usermode-gtk.x86_64 0:1.111-5.el7                              

Complete!

##### F、咱們能夠利用網絡，搭建一個網絡服務器，按照httpd的作法，

[root@centos7 ~]# rpm -ql httpd
/etc/httpd
/etc/httpd/conf
/etc/httpd/conf.d
/etc/httpd/conf.d/README
/etc/httpd/conf.d/autoindex.conf
/etc/httpd/conf.d/userdir.conf
/etc/httpd/conf.d/welcome.conf
/etc/httpd/conf.modules.d
/etc/httpd/conf.modules.d/00-base.conf
/etc/httpd/conf.modules.d/00-dav.conf
/etc/httpd/conf.modules.d/00-lua.conf
/etc/httpd/conf.modules.d/00-mpm.conf
/etc/httpd/conf.modules.d/00-proxy.conf
/etc/httpd/conf.modules.d/00-systemd.conf
/etc/httpd/conf.modules.d/01-cgi.conf
/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
/etc/httpd/conf/magic
/var/www
/var/www/cgi-bin
/var/www/html
將httpd服務啓動起來：
[root@centos7 ~]# systemctl start httpd
[root@centos7 ~]# cd /var/www/html
[root@centos7 html]# mkdir centos/{6,7}/os/x86_64/ -pv
[root@centos7 html]# tree
.
├── app
│   ├── 6
│   │   └── x86_64
│   └── 7
│   └── x86_64
└── centos
├── 6
│   └── os
│   └── x86_64
└── 7
└── os
└── x86_64

12 directories, 0 files
[root@centos7 html]# mount /dev/sr0 centos/7/os/x86_64/
mount: /dev/sr0 is write-protected, mounting read-only

##### G、此時，咱們能夠去互聯網訪問主機了，以下：

http://192.168.58.254/centos/7/

Index of /centos/7

[ICO]   Name    Last modified   Size    Description
[PARENTDIR] Parent Directory        -    
[DIR]   os/ 2019-01-05 14:39    -    
咱們輸入以下命令：
[root@centos7 ~]# system-config-kickstart
這是圖形界面，咱們能夠在彈出的頁面中設置文件

##### H、咱們把centos7mini裏的文件拷貝到centos7 上
[root@centos7 ~]# cd /data
[root@centos7 data]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg  hallo.sh  magedu.pubkey
[root@centos7 data]# mkdir /var/www/html/ks/; cp anaconda-ks.cfg /var/www/html/ks/centos7-mini.cfg

##### L、咱們進入ks文件中查看
[root@centos7 data]# cd /var/www/html/ks
[root@centos7 ks]# ls
centos7-mini.cfg
[root@centos7 ks]# ll
total 4
-rw------- 1 root root 1421 Jan 30 22:10 centos7-mini.cfg
[root@centos7 ks]# chmod a+r centos7-mini.cfg 
[root@centos7 ks]# ll
total 4
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1421 Jan 30 22:10 centos7-mini.cfg
效果以下：

http://192.168.58.254/ks/centos7-mini.cfg

#version=DEVEL

System authorization information

auth --enableshadow --passalgo=sha512

Use CDROM installation media

cdrom

Use graphical install

graphical

Run the Setup Agent on first boot

firstboot --enable
ignoredisk --only-use=sda

Keyboard layouts

keyboard --vckeymap=us --xlayouts='us'

System language

lang en_US.UTF-8

Network information

network --bootproto=dhcp --device=ens33 --onboot=off --ipv6=auto --no-activate
network --hostname=localhost.localdomain

Root password

rootpw --iscrypted $6$V2eP8pESlfKIToP8$NVcSm0geeSV4X1cd1lccrs9FAdK1rbj6EczSviVmoz75Znj5GaI.qY7jA0H1dmbh.hsI2ZIHtaR3Ko0/Xku9B1

System services

services --disabled="chronyd"

System timezone

timezone Asia/Shanghai --isUtc --nontp
user --name=wang --password=$6$5MKCrWhZLuuC30QZ$X7fRD6I.5TrvmUNm4tDS6TmTZua/uer6Sn2EzXBv/Bk307pkanOOn9pyilJxT/cs9jxpXMBnAzHChvgPbb8Qe. --iscrypted --gecos="wang"

System bootloader configuration

bootloader --append=" crashkernel=auto" --location=mbr --boot-drive=sda
autopart --type=lvm

Partition clearing information

clearpart --none --initlabel

%packagesbr/>@^minimal
@core
kexec-tools

%end

%addon com_redhat_kdump --enable --reserve-mb='auto'

%end
%anaconda
pwpolicy root --minlen=6 --minquality=1 --notstrict --nochanges --notempty
pwpolicy user --minlen=6 --minquality=1 --notstrict --nochanges --emptyok
pwpolicy luks --minlen=6 --minquality=1 --notstrict --nochanges --notempty
%end

##### H、接下來，咱們在字符界面中配置文件
[root@centos7 ~]# system-config-kickstart 
Xlib:  extension "RANDR" missing on display "localhost:11.0".
/usr/share/system-config-kickstart/kickstartGui.py:104: GtkWarning: GtkSpinButton: setting an adjustment with non-zero page size is deprecated
  xml = gtk.glade.XML ("/usr/share/system-config-kickstart/system-config-kickstart.glade", domain="system-config-kickstart")
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
此時會出現字符界面，咱們進行配置，
一、輸入2次口令，reboot，perform，兩項打鉤，
二、perform打鉤，選擇http輸入路徑，
三、install，install（mbr）打鉤，
四、clear,remove all,initialize 打鉤，Add增長 / /boot
五、加ens33
六、八、默認
七、selinux 關閉
九、system  base 打鉤，
會保存一個備份文件，設爲 ks7.cfg 而後在命令行中配置ks7.cfg ,以下：
可是我使用得是老師上課共享文件中的應答文件

#version=DEVEL

System authorization information

auth --enableshadow --passalgo=sha512

Use CDROM installation media

url --url=http://192.168.58.254/centos/7/os/x86_64/

Use graphical install

text

Run the Setup Agent on first boot

firstboot --enable
ignoredisk --only-use=sda

Keyboard layouts

keyboard --vckeymap=us --xlayouts='us'

System language

lang en_US.UTF-8

Network information

network --bootproto=dhcp --device=ens33 --onboot=on --ipv6=auto --activate
network --hostname=centos7.localdomain

Root password

rootpw --iscrypted $6$VYubI8zpV4R/R1M7$.vVqobGDm7t9YAHH924tWzNjqrKGAt4JiBMBu2iWwpIuW2RuupH5OgA1JbEgmZgh8oOSFlY6FeQMVBhN4yM8E0

System services

firewall --disabled
selinux --disabled
services --disabled="chronyd"

System timezone

timezone Asia/Shanghai --isUtc --nontp
user --name=wang --password=$6$ARdL74KE4qW3tizz$wEQAlGOURNTQlbVBJ45LnQoZOelIHoUsfR/S9hJ0EEWzm1Gjs2tVEhBC0bOX0CF3ufsnWwgDXdE6D7pKZwc/p. --iscrypted --gecos="wang"

X Window System configuration information

#xconfig --startxonboot

System bootloader configuration

bootloader --append=" crashkernel=auto" --location=mbr --boot-drive=sda

Partition clearing information

clearpart --all --initlabel
zerombr
reboot

Disk partitioning information

part /boot --fstype="xfs" --ondisk=sda --size=1024
part swap --fstype="swap" --ondisk=sda --size=4096
part / --fstype="xfs" --ondisk=sda --size=51200
part /data --fstype="xfs" --ondisk=sda --size=30720

%packagesbr/>@core
%end`

咱們手動配置了zerombr 用來清空分區，part分區，yum源，ssh/authorized_keys，/etc/ssh/sshd_config等內容。
##### L、咱們將新安裝好的centos7mini開機，在install 7 選項處按 esc 鍵，會彈出：boot：輸入：Linux ks=http：//192.168.58.254/ks/ks7.cfg ip=192.168.58.123 netmask=255.255.255.0
此時咱們去ping192.168.58.123，若能ping通，就說明能夠了，按回車鍵，便可進行自動安裝，到此，此實驗完滿結束！！！