Range
請求資源的部份內容(不包括響應頭的大小),單位是byte,即字節,從0開始.html
若是服務器可以正常響應的話,服務器會返回 206 Partial Content
的狀態碼及說明.算法
若是不能處理這種Range的話,就會返回整個資源以及響應狀態碼爲 200 OK
.(這個要注意,要分段下載時,要先判斷這個)緩存
好比:相似下面的ruby
➜ /tmp curl -H "Range: bytes=0-10" http://127.0.0.1:8180/bg-upper.png -v * Hostname was NOT found in DNS cache * Trying 127.0.0.1... * Connected to 127.0.0.1 (127.0.0.1) port 8180 (#0) > GET /bg-upper.png HTTP/1.1 > User-Agent: curl/7.35.0 > Host: 127.0.0.1:8180 > Accept: */* > Range: bytes=0-10 > < HTTP/1.1 206 Partial Content * Server Apache-Coyote/1.1 is not blacklisted < Server: Apache-Coyote/1.1 < Accept-Ranges: bytes < ETag: W/"3103-1435633968000" < Last-Modified: Tue, 30 Jun 2015 03:12:48 GMT < Content-Range: bytes 0-10/3103 < Content-Type: image/png < Content-Length: 11 < Date: Tue, 29 Dec 2015 09:18:36 GMT < �PNG * Connection #0 to host 127.0.0.1 left intact ➜
響應頭就是 HTTP/1.1 206 Partial Content
服務器
Range: bytes=start-end
例如:多線程
Range: bytes=10- :第10個字節及最後個字節的數據
Range: bytes=40-100 :第40個字節到第100個字節之間的數據.
注意,這個表示[start,end],便是包含請求頭的start及end字節的,因此,下一個請求,應該是上一個請求的[end+1, nextEnd]app
Content-Range: bytes 0-10/3103
這個表示,服務器響應了前(0-10)個字節的數據,該資源一共有(3103)個字節大小。curl
Content-Type: image/png
表示這個資源的類型分佈式
Content-Length: 11
表示此次服務器響應了11個字節的數據(0-10)url
Last-Modified: Tue, 30 Jun 2015 03:12:48 GMT
表示資源最近修改的時間(分段下載時要注意這個東西,由於若是修改了,分段下載可能就要從新下載了)
ETag: W/"3103-1435633968000"
這個響應頭表示資源版本的標識符,一般是消息摘要(相似MD5同樣)(分段下載時要注意這個東西,或者緩存控制也要注意這個東西)
注意,每種服務器對生成ETag的算法不一樣,這個要特別注意 若是使用分佈式緩存,要特別要保證每臺服務器生成的ETag算法是一致的.
緩存的過時,要同時結合(ETag + Last-Modified)這兩個響應頭來判斷.
強ETag
只要實體發生任何改變,都會改變ETag值.如:
ETag: "1234234234"
弱ETag
它在前面會有個 W/
,如:
ETag: W/"12342423"
利用這個特色,咱們可使用分段下載(多線程下載,分佈式下載)
思想:先請求一個 HEAD
方法的請求,獲取總文件大小:
➜ /tmp curl -X HEAD http://127.0.0.1:8180/bg-upper.png -v * Hostname was NOT found in DNS cache * Trying 127.0.0.1... * Connected to 127.0.0.1 (127.0.0.1) port 8180 (#0) > HEAD /bg-upper.png HTTP/1.1 > User-Agent: curl/7.35.0 > Host: 127.0.0.1:8180 > Accept: */* > < HTTP/1.1 200 OK * Server Apache-Coyote/1.1 is not blacklisted < Server: Apache-Coyote/1.1 < Accept-Ranges: bytes < ETag: W/"3103-1435633968000" < Last-Modified: Tue, 30 Jun 2015 03:12:48 GMT < Content-Type: image/png < Content-Length: 3103 < Date: Tue, 29 Dec 2015 10:16:16 GMT < * transfer closed with 3103 bytes remaining to read * Closing connection 0 curl: (18) transfer closed with 3103 bytes remaining to read ➜ /tmp
那個響應頭的 Content-Length
就是總字節大小了(3103)字節.
假設分2條線程
3103 / 2 = 1551 ➜ /tmp curl -H "Range: bytes=0-1551" http://127.0.0.1:8180/bg-upper.png -v -o 0-1151.png * Hostname was NOT found in DNS cache * Trying 127.0.0.1... % Total % Received % Xferd Average Speed Time Time Time Current Dload Upload Total Spent Left Speed 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:-- 0* Connected to 127.0.0.1 (127.0.0.1) port 8180 (#0) > GET /bg-upper.png HTTP/1.1 > User-Agent: curl/7.35.0 > Host: 127.0.0.1:8180 > Accept: */* > Range: bytes=0-1551 > < HTTP/1.1 206 Partial Content * Server Apache-Coyote/1.1 is not blacklisted < Server: Apache-Coyote/1.1 < Accept-Ranges: bytes < ETag: W/"3103-1435633968000" < Last-Modified: Tue, 30 Jun 2015 03:12:48 GMT < Content-Range: bytes 0-1551/3103 < Content-Type: image/png < Content-Length: 1552 < Date: Tue, 29 Dec 2015 10:19:43 GMT < { [data not shown] 100 1552 100 1552 0 0 1376k 0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:-- 1515k * Connection #0 to host 127.0.0.1 left intact ➜ /tmp
這樣子,線程1就下載了(0-1551)字節的數據了.
➜ /tmp curl -H "Range: bytes=1552-3103" http://127.0.0.1:8180/bg-upper.png -v -o 1552-end.png * Hostname was NOT found in DNS cache * Trying 127.0.0.1... % Total % Received % Xferd Average Speed Time Time Time Current Dload Upload Total Spent Left Speed 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:-- 0* Connected to 127.0.0.1 (127.0.0.1) port 8180 (#0) > GET /bg-upper.png HTTP/1.1 > User-Agent: curl/7.35.0 > Host: 127.0.0.1:8180 > Accept: */* > Range: bytes=1552 > < HTTP/1.1 416 Requested Range Not Satisfiable * Server Apache-Coyote/1.1 is not blacklisted < Server: Apache-Coyote/1.1 < Accept-Ranges: bytes < Content-Range: bytes */3103 < Content-Type: text/html;charset=utf-8 < Content-Language: en < Content-Length: 954 < Date: Tue, 29 Dec 2015 10:26:18 GMT < { [data not shown] 100 954 100 954 0 0 457k 0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:-- 931k * Connection #0 to host 127.0.0.1 left intact ➜ /tmp
cat 0-1151.png 1552-end.png > filename.png
這樣子就OK了.
根據HTTP規範,HTTP的消息頭部的字段名,是不區分大小寫的.
3.2. Header Fields
Each header field consists of a case-insensitive field name followed
by a colon (「:」), optional leading whitespace, the field value, and
optional trailing whitespace.