CentOS6.5上安裝Python2.7和PIP

目前大部分用戶使用的CentOS6.5上默認的Python仍是2.6版本。升級到Python2.7碰到不少問題。本文將介紹如何安裝Python2.7。

1. 安裝必要的準備包

        安裝過程將用到gcc，方便起見，安裝「Development Tools」

yum groupinstall "Development tools"

         另外，Python安裝中須要的一些依賴包

yum install zlib-devel bzip2-devel openssl-devel ncurses-devel sqlite-devel

2. 下載安裝Python2.7

        目前Python2.7的最新版本是2.7.11。能夠在下面的網站查詢：

        https://www.python.org/ftp/python/

        2.7.11的下載連接是：

        https://www.python.org/ftp/python/2.7.11/Python-2.7.11.tgz

wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/2.7.11/Python-2.7.11.tgz
tar vxf Python-2.7.11.tgz
cd Python-2.7.11.tgz
./configure --prefix=/usr/local
make && make install

　　安裝完成後，經過運行python，能夠看到版本

>>> import sys
>>> sys.version
'2.7.11 (default, May  6 2016, 01:38:00) \n[GCC 4.4.7 20120313 (Red Hat 4.4.7-16)]'

3.安裝pip

　　pip是python的安裝工具，不少python的經常使用工具，均可以經過pip進行安裝。

　　要安裝pip，首先要安裝setuptools。下面的連接能夠獲得相關信息，最新版本是21.0.0:

　　https://pypi.python.org/pypi/setuptools

　　下載連接：

　　https://pypi.python.org/packages/ff/d4/209f4939c49e31f5524fa0027bf1c8ec3107abaf7c61fdaad704a648c281/setuptools-21.0.0.tar.gz#md5=81964fdb89534118707742e6d1a1ddb4

　　一樣的，進行安裝：

tar vxf setuptools-21.0.0.tar.gz 
cd setuptools-21.0.0
python setup.py  install

　　安裝完成後，下載pip。其信息在以下網站：

　　https://pypi.python.org/pypi/pip

　　最新版是8.1.1，下載連接：

　　https://pypi.python.org/packages/41/27/9a8d24e1b55bd8c85e4d022da2922cb206f183e2d18fee4e320c9547e751/pip-8.1.1.tar.gz#md5=6b86f11841e89c8241d689956ba99ed7

　　一樣的，進行安裝

tar vxf pip-8.1.1.tar.gz 
cd pip-8.1.1
python setup.py install

　　安裝完成後，運行pip

[root@hwthstest08 pip-8.1.1]# pip

Usage:   
  pip <command> [options]

Commands:
  install                     Install packages.
  download                    Download packages.
  uninstall                   Uninstall packages.
  freeze                      Output installed packages in requirements format.
  list                        List installed packages.
  show                        Show information about installed packages.
  search                      Search PyPI for packages.
  wheel                       Build wheels from your requirements.
  hash                        Compute hashes of package archives.
  completion                  A helper command used for command completion
  help                        Show help for commands.

General Options:
  -h, --help                  Show help.
  --isolated                  Run pip in an isolated mode, ignoring environment variables and user configuration.
  -v, --verbose               Give more output. Option is additive, and can be used up to 3 times.
  -V, --version               Show version and exit.
  -q, --quiet                 Give less output.
  --log <path>                Path to a verbose appending log.
  --proxy <proxy>             Specify a proxy in the form [user:passwd@]proxy.server:port.
  --retries <retries>         Maximum number of retries each connection should attempt (default 5 times).
  --timeout <sec>             Set the socket timeout (default 15 seconds).
  --exists-action <action>    Default action when a path already exists: (s)witch, (i)gnore, (w)ipe, (b)ackup.
  --trusted-host <hostname>   Mark this host as trusted, even though it does not have valid or any HTTPS.
  --cert <path>               Path to alternate CA bundle.
  --client-cert <path>        Path to SSL client certificate, a single file containing the private key and the certificate in PEM format.
  --cache-dir <dir>           Store the cache data in <dir>.
  --no-cache-dir              Disable the cache.
  --disable-pip-version-check
                              Don't periodically check PyPI to determine whether a new version of pip is available for download. Implied with --no-index.
[root@hwthstest08 pip-8.1.1]# 

　　安裝一個程序檢測：

[root@hwthstest08 pip-8.1.1]# pip install psutil
Collecting psutil
  Downloading psutil-4.1.0.tar.gz (301kB)
    100% |████████████████████████████████| 307kB 274kB/s 
Installing collected packages: psutil
  Running setup.py install for psutil ... done
Successfully installed psutil-4.1.0

4. 載入經常使用的tab.py程序

#!/usr/bin/evn python
import sys
import readline
import rlcompleter
import atexit
import os
readline.parse_and_bind('tab: complete')
histfile = os.path.join(os.environ['HOME'], '.pythonhistory')
try:
   readline.read_history_file(histfile)
except IOError:
   pass
atexit.register(readline.write_history_file, histfile)
del os, histfile, readline, rlcompleter