專職DBA-MySQL雙向主主複製
專職DBA-MySQL雙向主主複製 MySQL雙向主主複製 1.mysql主主複製是級聯複製的特殊形式。 級聯複製是A==>B==>C的單向複製形式，而主主複製其實是將A和C合併爲一個A。 mysql主主複製模型：A<==>B（AB庫互爲主從） mysql主主複製也是使用mysql replication的複製方式，只不過複製方向是雙向的。 有人說配置雙主的可能緣由是但願增長寫併發的能力，雙主是否真的可以增長寫併發，我看未必吧。 建議即便配置了MySQL雙主複製，最好仍是單寫，配置雙主的目的並非爲了增長寫併發，而是爲了實如今主庫宕機后角色可以快速切換提供服務。 正常主庫宕機切換到從庫，須要開啓從庫binlog功能，取消從庫read-only參數，同時還須要更改Web用戶受權等操做，而配置雙主就不須要這些操做了，只要進行vip的自動切換便可。 2.mysql主主複製的企業級實現方案 (1).經過mysql的參數配置使表主鍵自增的方案。 (2).使用序列服務實現mysql雙主方案。 3.mysql主主複製實踐（自增ID） 主機規劃 -------------------------------------------------------------- 數據庫角色 主機名 bond0(SSH鏈接IP) bond1(內網通訊IP) -------------------------------------------------------------- 主庫1(master) db01 10.0.0.11 192.168.10.11 -------------------------------------------------------------- 主庫2(master) db02 10.0.0.12 192.168.10.12 -------------------------------------------------------------- [root@db01 ~]# cat /data/mysql/3306/my.cnf [mysqld] # for mysql global user = mysql basedir = /usr/local/mysql datadir = /data/mysql/3306/data tmpdir = /data/mysql/3306/tmp pid_file = /data/mysql/3306/3306.pid socket = /data/mysql/3306/mysql.sock port = 3306 server_id = 113306 character-set-server = utf8 # for binlog binlog_format = row log_bin = /data/mysql/3306/logs/mysql-bin log_slave_updates expire_logs_days = 7 auto_increment_increment = 2 auto_increment_offset = 1 slave-skip-errors = 1032,1062,1007,1008,1146,1049 # for error log log_error = /data/mysql/3306/error.log # general log general_log = off general_log_file = /data/mysql/3306/general.log # for slow query log slow_query_log = on slow_query_log_file = /data/mysql/3306/slow.log long_query_time = 1.000000 # for gtid gtid_mode = off enforce_gtid_consistency = off # for replication # for innodb [mysql] character-set-client = utf8 #prompt ="\\u@\\h [\\d]> \" #prompt ="mysql [\\d]> \" #prompt ="Master [\\d]> \" #prompt ="Slave [\\d]> \" 重點參數 [root@db01 ~]# egrep "server_id|log_bin|log_slave|days|auto|skip" /data/mysql/3306/my.cnf server_id = 113306 log_bin = /data/mysql/3306/logs/mysql-bin log_slave_updates expire_logs_days = 7 auto_increment_increment = 2 auto_increment_offset = 1 slave-skip-errors = 1032,1062,1007,1008,1146,1049 [root@db01 ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf [mysql] prompt ="Master01 [\\d]> \" 啓動數據庫實例 [root@db01 ~]# mysqld --defaults-file=/data/mysql/3306/my.cnf & [root@db01 ~]# mysql -S /data/mysql/3306/mysql.sock -p Enter password: Master01 [(none)]> grant replication slave on *.* to 'rep'@'192.168.10.%' identified by '123'; Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec) Master01 [(none)]> flush privileges; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Master01 [(none)]> reset master; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec) Master01 [(none)]> exit; Bye [root@db01 ~]# mysqldump -S /data/mysql/3306/mysql.sock -p -A -B -x --master-data=1 | gzip > /backup/bak1_$(date +%F).sql.gz Enter password: [root@db01 ~]# ls -lh /backup/ total 200K -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 193K Jul 16 06:42 bak1_2019-07-16.sql.gz drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 29 Jul 12 03:50 conf -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2.2K Jul 15 05:28 eth0123.zip drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 54 Jul 12 05:39 sh drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 49 Jul 12 03:52 sql [root@db01 ~]# scp -rp /backup/bak1_$(date +%F).sql.gz root@192.168.10.12:/backup/ The authenticity of host '192.168.10.12 (192.168.10.12)' can't be established. ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:auBeaQTHqMvqa5fgR9w9UDEho26UWpxRqc0bHUwCv/Y. ECDSA key fingerprint is MD5:fc:ad:3a:4d:d7:83:20:a5:a1:49:c6:59:39:0b:1c:e5. Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes Warning: Permanently added '192.168.10.12' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts. root@192.168.10.12's password: bak1_2019-07-16.sql.gz 100% 192KB 22.3MB/s 00:00 [root@db01 ~]# [root@db02 ~]# ls -lh /backup/ total 200K -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 193K Jul 16 06:42 bak1_2019-07-16.sql.gz drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 29 Jul 12 03:50 conf -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2.2K Jul 15 05:45 eth0123.zip drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 54 Jul 12 05:39 sh drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 49 Jul 12 03:52 sql [root@db02 ~]# cat /data/mysql/3306/my.cnf [mysqld] # for mysql global user = mysql basedir = /usr/local/mysql datadir = /data/mysql/3306/data tmpdir = /data/mysql/3306/tmp pid_file = /data/mysql/3306/3306.pid socket = /data/mysql/3306/mysql.sock port = 3306 server_id = 123306 character-set-server = utf8 # for binlog binlog_format = row log_bin = /data/mysql/3306/logs/mysql-bin log_slave_updates expire_logs_days = 7 auto_increment_increment = 2 auto_increment_offset = 2 slave-skip-errors = 1032,1062,1007,1008,1146,1049 # for error log log_error = /data/mysql/3306/error.log # general log general_log = off general_log_file = /data/mysql/3306/general.log # for slow query log slow_query_log = on slow_query_log_file = /data/mysql/3306/slow.log long_query_time = 1.000000 # for gtid gtid_mode = off enforce_gtid_consistency = off # for replication # for innodb [mysql] character-set-client = utf8 #prompt ="\\u@\\h [\\d]> \" #prompt ="mysql [\\d]> \" #prompt ="Master [\\d]> \" #prompt ="Slave [\\d]> \" 重點參數 [root@db02 ~]# egrep "server_id|log_bin|log_slave|days|auto|skip" /data/mysql/3306/my.cnf server_id = 123306 log_bin = /data/mysql/3306/logs/mysql-bin log_slave_updates expire_logs_days = 7 auto_increment_increment = 2 auto_increment_offset = 2 slave-skip-errors = 1032,1062,1007,1008,1146,1049 [root@db02 ~]# cat /etc/my.cnf [mysql] prompt ="Master02 [\\d]> \" [root@db02 ~]# mysqld --defaults-file=/data/mysql/3306/my.cnf & [root@db02 ~]# mysql -S /data/mysql/3306/mysql.sock -p Enter password: Master02 [(none)]> reset master; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec) Master02 [(none)]> exit; Bye [root@db02 ~]# zcat /backup/bak1_$(date +%F).sql.gz | mysql -S /data/mysql/3306/mysql.sock -p Enter password: [root@db02 ~]# mysql -S /data/mysql/3306/mysql.sock -p Enter password: CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='192.168.10.11', MASTER_PORT=3306, MASTER_USER='rep', MASTER_PASSWORD='123'; Master02 [(none)]> CHANGE MASTER TO -> MASTER_HOST='192.168.10.11', -> MASTER_PORT=3306, -> MASTER_USER='rep', -> MASTER_PASSWORD='123'; Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.01 sec) Master02 [(none)]> start slave; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec) Master02 [(none)]> show slave status\G *************************** 1. row *************************** Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event Master_Host: 192.168.10.11 Master_User: rep Master_Port: 3306 Connect_Retry: 60 Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001 Read_Master_Log_Pos: 154 Relay_Log_File: db02-relay-bin.000005 Relay_Log_Pos: 320 Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001 Slave_IO_Running: Yes Slave_SQL_Running: Yes Replicate_Do_DB: Replicate_Ignore_DB: Replicate_Do_Table: Replicate_Ignore_Table: Replicate_Wild_Do_Table: Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table: Last_Errno: 0 Last_Error: Skip_Counter: 0 Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 154 Relay_Log_Space: 739 Until_Condition: None Until_Log_File: Until_Log_Pos: 0 Master_SSL_Allowed: No Master_SSL_CA_File: Master_SSL_CA_Path: Master_SSL_Cert: Master_SSL_Cipher: Master_SSL_Key: Seconds_Behind_Master: 0 Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No Last_IO_Errno: 0 Last_IO_Error: Last_SQL_Errno: 0 Last_SQL_Error: Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids: Master_Server_Id: 113306 Master_UUID: 7c145945-a680-11e9-baea-000c29a14cf7 Master_Info_File: /data/mysql/3306/data/master.info SQL_Delay: 0 SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for more updates Master_Retry_Count: 86400 Master_Bind: Last_IO_Error_Timestamp: Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp: Master_SSL_Crl: Master_SSL_Crlpath: Retrieved_Gtid_Set: Executed_Gtid_Set: Auto_Position: 0 Replicate_Rewrite_DB: Channel_Name: Master_TLS_Version: 1 row in set (0.00 sec) Master02 [(none)]> exit; Bye [root@db02 ~]# mysql -S /data/mysql/3306/mysql.sock -p -e "show slave status\G"|egrep "IO_Running|SQL_Running:|Behind_Master" Enter password: Slave_IO_Running: Yes Slave_SQL_Running: Yes Seconds_Behind_Master: 0 在首次開啓複製的過程當中，若是出現複製錯誤，能夠執行以下語句： stop slave; set global sql_slave_skip_counter = 1; #將同步指針向下移動一個，若是屢次移動仍不一樣步，能夠重複操做。 start slave; [root@db02 ~]# mysql -S /data/mysql/3306/mysql.sock -p Enter password: Master02 [(none)]> show master status; +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+ | File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set | +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+ | mysql-bin.000001 | 775259 | | | | +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='192.168.10.12', MASTER_PORT=3306, MASTER_USER='rep', MASTER_PASSWORD='123', MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000001', MASTER_LOG_POS= 775259; Master01 [(none)]> CHANGE MASTER TO -> MASTER_HOST='192.168.10.12', -> MASTER_PORT=3306, -> MASTER_USER='rep', -> MASTER_PASSWORD='123', -> MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000001', -> MASTER_LOG_POS= 775259; Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.01 sec) Master01 [(none)]> start slave; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Master01 [(none)]> show slave status\G *************************** 1. row *************************** Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event Master_Host: 192.168.10.12 Master_User: rep Master_Port: 3306 Connect_Retry: 60 Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000004 Read_Master_Log_Pos: 154 Relay_Log_File: db01-relay-bin.000010 Relay_Log_Pos: 367 Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000004 Slave_IO_Running: Yes Slave_SQL_Running: Yes Replicate_Do_DB: Replicate_Ignore_DB: Replicate_Do_Table: Replicate_Ignore_Table: Replicate_Wild_Do_Table: Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table: Last_Errno: 0 Last_Error: Skip_Counter: 0 Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 154 Relay_Log_Space: 786 Until_Condition: None Until_Log_File: Until_Log_Pos: 0 Master_SSL_Allowed: No Master_SSL_CA_File: Master_SSL_CA_Path: Master_SSL_Cert: Master_SSL_Cipher: Master_SSL_Key: Seconds_Behind_Master: 0 Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No Last_IO_Errno: 0 Last_IO_Error: Last_SQL_Errno: 0 Last_SQL_Error: Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids: Master_Server_Id: 123306 Master_UUID: ab0bfc5a-a681-11e9-bf5d-000c296165a9 Master_Info_File: /data/mysql/3306/data/master.info SQL_Delay: 0 SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for more updates Master_Retry_Count: 86400 Master_Bind: Last_IO_Error_Timestamp: Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp: Master_SSL_Crl: Master_SSL_Crlpath: Retrieved_Gtid_Set: Executed_Gtid_Set: Auto_Position: 0 Replicate_Rewrite_DB: Channel_Name: Master_TLS_Version: 1 row in set (0.00 sec) [root@db01 ~]# mysql -S /data/mysql/3306/mysql.sock -p -e "show slave status\G"|egrep "IO_Running|SQL_Running:|Behind_Master" Enter password: Slave_IO_Running: Yes Slave_SQL_Running: Yes Seconds_Behind_Master: 0 Master01 [(none)]> show databases; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | mysql | | performance_schema | | sys | +--------------------+ 4 rows in set (0.01 sec) Master01 [(none)]> create database zhuzhu; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec) Master01 [(none)]> show databases; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | mysql | | performance_schema | | sys | | zhuzhu | +--------------------+ 5 rows in set (0.00 sec) Master01 [(none)]> use zhuzhu; Database changed create table t1( id bigint(12) not null auto_increment comment '主鍵', name varchar(12) not null comment '姓名', primary key (id) ); Master01 [zhuzhu]> create table t1( -> id bigint(12) not null auto_increment comment '主鍵', -> name varchar(12) not null comment '姓名', -> primary key (id) -> ); Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec) Master01 [zhuzhu]> show tables; +------------------+ | Tables_in_zhuzhu | +------------------+ | t1 | +------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) Master01 [zhuzhu]> insert into t1(name) values('學生'),('護士'),('空姐'); Query OK, 3 rows affected (0.01 sec) Records: 3 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0 Master01 [zhuzhu]> select * from t1; +----+--------+ | id | name | +----+--------+ | 1 | 學生 | | 3 | 護士 | | 5 | 空姐 | +----+--------+ 3 rows in set (0.00 sec) Master02 [(none)]> show databases; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | mysql | | performance_schema | | sys | | zhuzhu | +--------------------+ 5 rows in set (0.01 sec) Master02 [zhuzhu]> use zhuzhu; Database changed Master02 [zhuzhu]> select * from t1; +----+--------+ | id | name | +----+--------+ | 1 | 學生 | | 3 | 護士 | | 5 | 空姐 | +----+--------+ 3 rows in set (0.00 sec) Master02 [zhuzhu]> insert into t1(name) values('人妖'),('少婦'),('小姨'); Query OK, 3 rows affected (0.01 sec) Records: 3 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0 Master02 [zhuzhu]> select * from t1; +----+--------+ | id | name | +----+--------+ | 1 | 學生 | | 3 | 護士 | | 5 | 空姐 | | 6 | 人妖 | | 8 | 少婦 | | 10 | 小姨 | +----+--------+ 6 rows in set (0.01 sec) 新插入的數據是從當前表中最大數字偶數6的基礎上開始進行插入的。 Master01 [zhuzhu]> select * from t1; +----+--------+ | id | name | +----+--------+ | 1 | 學生 | | 3 | 護士 | | 5 | 空姐 | | 6 | 人妖 | | 8 | 少婦 | | 10 | 小姨 | +----+--------+ 6 rows in set (0.00 sec) //---------------------------------->MySQL雙向主從複製測試完成。 mysql雙主複製my.cnf完整配置對比 [root@db01 ~]# cp /data/mysql/3306/my.cnf /root/db01_my.cnf [root@db02 ~]# scp /data/mysql/3306/my.cnf root@db01:/root/db02_my.cnf [root@db01 ~]# sz db01_my.cnf [root@db02 ~]# sz db02_my.cnf
[root@db01 ~]# cat /data/mysql/3306/my.cnf [mysqld] # for mysql global user = mysql basedir = /usr/local/mysql datadir = /data/mysql/3306/data tmpdir = /data/mysql/3306/tmp pid_file = /data/mysql/3306/3306.pid socket = /data/mysql/3306/mysql.sock port = 3306 server_id = 113306 character-set-server = utf8 # for binlog binlog_format = row log_bin = /data/mysql/3306/logs/mysql-bin log_slave_updates expire_logs_days = 7 auto_increment_increment = 2 auto_increment_offset = 1 slave-skip-errors = 1032,1062,1007,1008,1146,1049 # for error log log_error = /data/mysql/3306/error.log # general log general_log = off general_log_file = /data/mysql/3306/general.log # for slow query log slow_query_log = on slow_query_log_file = /data/mysql/3306/slow.log long_query_time = 1.000000 # for gtid gtid_mode = off enforce_gtid_consistency = off # for replication # for innodb [mysql] character-set-client = utf8 #prompt ="\\u@\\h [\\d]> \" #prompt ="mysql [\\d]> \" #prompt ="Master [\\d]> \" #prompt ="Slave [\\d]> \" [root@db02 ~]# cat /data/mysql/3306/my.cnf [mysqld] # for mysql global user = mysql basedir = /usr/local/mysql datadir = /data/mysql/3306/data tmpdir = /data/mysql/3306/tmp pid_file = /data/mysql/3306/3306.pid socket = /data/mysql/3306/mysql.sock port = 3306 server_id = 123306 character-set-server = utf8 # for binlog binlog_format = row log_bin = /data/mysql/3306/logs/mysql-bin log_slave_updates expire_logs_days = 7 auto_increment_increment = 2 auto_increment_offset = 2 slave-skip-errors = 1032,1062,1007,1008,1146,1049 # for error log log_error = /data/mysql/3306/error.log # general log general_log = off general_log_file = /data/mysql/3306/general.log # for slow query log slow_query_log = on slow_query_log_file = /data/mysql/3306/slow.log long_query_time = 1.000000 # for gtid gtid_mode = off enforce_gtid_consistency = off # for replication # for innodb [mysql] character-set-client = utf8 #prompt ="\\u@\\h [\\d]> \" #prompt ="mysql [\\d]> \" #prompt ="Master [\\d]> \" #prompt ="Slave [\\d]> \"
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