[LeetCode]17. Letter Combinations of a Phone Number

Given a string containing digits from 2-9 inclusive, return all
possible letter combinations that the number could represent.

A mapping of digit to letters (just like on the telephone buttons) is
given below. Note that 1 does not map to any letters.

Example:

Input: "23" Output: ["ad", "ae", "af", "bd", "be", "bf", "cd", "ce",
"cf"]. Note:

Although the above answer is in lexicographical order, your answer
could be in any order you want.

是一個不定層的循環問題,並且內層要有外層的狀態
能夠經過遞歸解決

List<String> ret=new ArrayList();
List<List<Character>> list=new ArrayList(){
    {
        add(Arrays.asList('a','b','c'));
        add(Arrays.asList('d','e','f'));
        add(Arrays.asList('g','h','i'));
        add(Arrays.asList('j','k','l'));
        add(Arrays.asList('m','n','o'));
        add(Arrays.asList('p','q','r','s'));
        add(Arrays.asList('t','u','v'));
        add(Arrays.asList('w','x','y','z'));
    }
};
public List<String> letterCombinations(String digits) {
    if(digits==null || digits.length()==0) return ret;
    ref("",digits);
    return ret;
}
private void ref(String s,String digits){
    if(digits.length()==0) {
        ret.add(s);
        return;
    }
    List<Character> clist=list.get(digits.charAt(0)-'2');
    for(char c:clist){
        ref(s+c,digits.substring(1));
    }
}

想寫非遞歸的寫法，若是用深度遍歷考慮的話會比較困難，須要保存中間態，能夠當作不斷對上一狀態的廣度遍歷

public List<String> letterCombinations(String digits) {
    List<String> ret=new ArrayList();
    if(digits.length()<=0) return ret;
    List<List<Character>> list=new ArrayList(){
        {
            add(Arrays.asList('a','b','c'));
            add(Arrays.asList('d','e','f'));
            add(Arrays.asList('g','h','i'));
            add(Arrays.asList('j','k','l'));
            add(Arrays.asList('m','n','o'));
            add(Arrays.asList('p','q','r','s'));
            add(Arrays.asList('t','u','v'));
            add(Arrays.asList('w','x','y','z'));
        }
    };
    ret.add("");
    char[] array=digits.toCharArray();
    for(int i=0;i<array.length;i++){
        List<String> ret1=new ArrayList();
        for(char c:list.get(array[i]-'2')){
            for(String s:ret){
                ret1.add(s+String.valueOf(c));
            }
        }
        ret=ret1;
    }
    return ret;
}