R語言列表list函數

列表是R語言中的對象,它包含不一樣類型的元素,好比 - 數字,字符串,向量和另外一個列表等。一個列表還能夠包含一個矩陣或一個函數做爲它的元素。使用list()函數建立列表。函數

建立一個列表

下面是一個例子來建立一個包含字符串,數字,向量和邏輯值的列表對象

# Create a list containing strings, numbers, vectors and a logical values.
list_data <- list("Red", "Green", c(21,32,11), TRUE, 51.23, 119.1)
print(list_data)

當咱們上面的代碼執行時,它產生如下結果:索引

[[1]]
[1] "Red"

[[2]]
[1] "Green"

[[3]]
[1] 21 32 11

[[4]]
[1] TRUE

[[5]]
[1] 51.23

[[6]]
[1] 119.1

命名列表元素

列表元素能夠給定它們的名字而且可使用這些名稱來訪問。element

# Create a list containing a vector, a matrix and a list.
list_data <- list(c("Jan","Feb","Mar"), matrix(c(3,9,5,1,-2,8), nrow=2), list("green",12.3))

# Give names to the elements in the list.
names(list_data) <- c("1st Quarter", "A_Matrix", "A Inner list")

# Show the list.
print(list_data)

當咱們上面的代碼執行時,它產生如下結果:字符串

$`1st_Quarter`
[1] "Jan" "Feb" "Mar"

$A_Matrix
     [,1] [,2] [,3]
[1,]    3    5   -2
[2,]    9    1    8

$A_Inner_list
$A_Inner_list[[1]]
[1] "green"

$A_Inner_list[[2]]
[1] 12.3

訪問列表元素

列表的元素能夠經過在列表中的元素的索引來訪問。如遇命名列表也可使用名稱來訪問。string

咱們繼續使用在上面例子的列表it

# Create a list containing a vector, a matrix and a list.
list_data <- list(c("Jan","Feb","Mar"), matrix(c(3,9,5,1,-2,8), nrow=2), list("green",12.3))

# Give names to the elements in the list.
names(list_data) <- c("1st Quarter", "A_Matrix", "A Inner list")

# Access the first element of the list.
print(list_data[1])

# Access the thrid element. As it is also a list, all its elements will be printed.
print(list_data[3])

# Access the list element using the name of the element.
print(list_data$A_Matrix)

當咱們上面的代碼執行時,它產生如下結果:ast

$`1st_Quarter`
[1] "Jan" "Feb" "Mar"

$A_Inner_list
$A_Inner_list[[1]]
[1] "green"

$A_Inner_list[[2]]
[1] 12.3

     [,1] [,2] [,3]
[1,]    3    5   -2
[2,]    9    1    8

操控列表元素

咱們能夠添加,刪除和更新列表中的元素,以下圖所示。咱們能夠增長或刪除並且只能添加到列表的末尾的元素。可是能夠更新任何元素。class

# Create a list containing a vector, a matrix and a list.
list_data <- list(c("Jan","Feb","Mar"), matrix(c(3,9,5,1,-2,8), nrow=2), list("green",12.3))

# Give names to the elements in the list.
names(list_data) <- c("1st Quarter", "A_Matrix", "A Inner list")

# Add element at the end of the list.
list_data[4] <- "New element"
print(list_data[4])

# Remove the last element.
list_data[4] <- NULL

# Print the 4th Element.
print(list_data[4])

# Update the 3rd Element.
list_data[3] <- "updated element"
print(list_data[3])

當咱們上面的代碼執行時,它產生如下結果:date

[[1]]
[1] "New element"

$NULL

$`A Inner list`
[1] "updated element"

合併列表

能夠把全部的列表傳到一個 list()函數合併多個列表成一個列表。

# Create two lists.
list1 <- list(1,2,3)
list2 <- list("Sun","Mon","Tue")

# Merge the two lists.
merged.list <- c(list1,list2)

# Print the merged list.
print(merged.list)

當咱們上面的代碼執行時,它產生如下結果:

[[1]]
[1] 1

[[2]]
[1] 2

[[3]]
[1] 3

[[4]]
[1] "Sun"

[[5]]
[1] "Mon"

[[6]]
[1] "Tue"

轉換列表爲向量

列表能夠被轉換爲一個向量,以便能用於進一步操縱向量的元素。全部關於向量的算術運算能夠在列表被轉換爲矢量以後被應用。要作到這一點轉換,使用unlist() 函數。它以列表做爲輸入,併產生一個向量。

# Create lists.
list1 <- list(1:5)
print(list1)

list2 <-list(10:14)
print(list2)

# Convert the lists to vectors.
v1 <- unlist(list1)
v2 <- unlist(list2)

print(v1)
print(v2)

# Now add the vectors
result <- v1+v2
print(result)

當咱們上面的代碼執行時,它產生如下結果:

[[1]]
[1] 1 2 3 4 5

[[1]]
[1] 10 11 12 13 14

[1] 1 2 3 4 5
[1] 10 11 12 13 14
[1] 11 13 15 17 19
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