sqluldr2 oracle直接導出數據爲文本的小工具使用

　　近期客戶有需求，導出某些審計數據，供審計人進行覈查，只能導出成文本或excel格式的進行查看，這裏咱們使用sqluldr2工具進行相關數據的導出。

　　oracle導出數據爲文本格式比較麻煩，sqluldr2是靈活的強大的oracle文本導出程序，是以前阿里大拿首席dba樓方鑫開發的小工具，oracle有本身的一個sqlldr工具，是將文本載入到oracle庫中用的，而如今這個sqluldr中間加了個u是un的意思，小工具是用oracle的C語言接口寫成，短小精幹運行速度快，工具很強大，並且批量導出效率很是高，使用靈活，多個平臺版本都有對應的工具。

命令參數：

./sqluldr2

SQL*UnLoader: Fast Oracle Text Unloader (GZIP, Parallel), Release 4.0.1
(@) Copyright Lou Fangxin (AnySQL.net) 2004 - 2010, all rights reserved.

License: Free for non-commercial useage, else 100 USD per server.

Usage: SQLULDR2 keyword=value [,keyword=value,...]

Valid Keywords:
   user    = username/password@tnsname
   sql     = SQL file name
   query   = select statement
   field   = separator string between fields
   record  = separator string between records
   rows    = print progress for every given rows (default, 1000000) 
   file    = output file name(default: uldrdata.txt)
   log     = log file name, prefix with + to append mode
   fast    = auto tuning the session level parameters(YES)
   text    = output type (MYSQL, CSV, MYSQLINS, ORACLEINS, FORM, SEARCH).
   charset = character set name of the target database.
   ncharset= national character set name of the target database.
   parfile = read command option from parameter file 

  for field and record, you can use '0x' to specify hex character code,
  \r=0x0d \n=0x0a |=0x7c ,=0x2c, \t=0x09, :=0x3a, #=0x23, "=0x22 '=0x27 

• 直接指定sql（適合query比較長的一些語句，結果集直接輸出到對應的文件裏）

[oracle@m1 ~]$vi query.sql 
SELECT * FROM ( SELECT A.*, rownum r FROM (select aa.* ,bb.aac003,bb.aac058,bb.aac147 from GIOISX.ac10 aa,GIOISX.ac01 bb where 1=1 and aa.aac001=bb.aac001  and aa.batchid=101  order by aa.aac001,aae003,aae140 ) A WHERE rownum < =30) B WHERE r >0

#./sqluldr2 system/welcoii@cfsgal sql=/home/oracle/query.sql  mode=APPEND head=yes  file=/home/oracle/jgyl_ad50_%B.csv batch=yes rows=5000
           0 rows exported at 2019-06-27 16:21:27, size 0 MB.
          30 rows exported at 2019-06-27 16:21:27, size 0 MB.
         output file /home/oracle/jgyl_ad50_1.csv closed at 30 rows, size 0 MB.

• 常規導出（head=yes   表示輸出表頭 log是記錄日誌）

sqluldr2 hr/hr123@127.0.0.1:1521/XE query="select * from bb_user_t" head=yes file=D:\sqluldr2\File\tmp001.csv log=D:\sql.log  or

log=+D:\sqluldr2\File\tmp003.log 若是有日誌在日誌後追加日誌，不然覆蓋替換

• 使用table參數（「TABLE」選項用於指定將文件導入的目標表的名字，例如咱們將EMP 表的數據導入到EMP_HIS 表中，假設這兩個表的表結構一致，先用以下命令導出數據：Sqluldr2 … query=」select * from emp」 file=emp.txt table=emp_his ……，或生成相應的導入控制文件)

sqluldr2 hr/hr123@127.0.0.1:1521/XE query="select * from bb_user_t" table=temp_004 head=yes file=D:\sqluldr2\File\tmp004.csv

• 大批量導出（對於大表能夠輸出到多個文件中，指定行數分割或者按照文件大小分割，當文件名（「FILE」選項）的後綴以小寫的「.gz」結尾時，會將記錄直接寫入到GZIP格式的壓縮文件中，若是要歸檔大量數據，這個功能能夠節約不少的存貯空間，下降運營成本）

sqluldr2 system/welc1@sl query="select * from GIOISX.AD50 where rownum<20000" table=GIOISX.AD50 mode=APPEND head=yes  file=/home/oracle/jgyl_ad50_%B.csv batch=yes rows=5000
           0 rows exported at 2019-06-27 16:08:42, size 0 MB.
        5000 rows exported at 2019-06-27 16:08:43, size 0 MB.
         output file /home/oracle/jgyl_ad50_1.csv closed at 5000 rows, size 1 MB.
        5000 rows exported at 2019-06-27 16:08:43, size 1 MB.
         output file /home/oracle/jgyl_ad50_2.csv closed at 5000 rows, size 2 MB.
        5000 rows exported at 2019-06-27 16:08:43, size 2 MB.
         output file /home/oracle/jgyl_ad50_3.csv closed at 5000 rows, size 3 MB.
        4999 rows exported at 2019-06-27 16:08:43, size 4 MB.
         output file /home/oracle/jgyl_ad50_4.csv closed at 4999 rows, size 4 MB.

　　

參數說明：

user = username/password@tnsname

sql = SQL file name

query = select statement (選擇語句;query參數若是整表導出，能夠直接寫表名，若是須要查詢運算和where條件，query=「sql文本」，也能夠把複雜sql寫入到文本中由query調用)

field = separator string between fields (

設置導出文件裏的分隔符;

默認是逗號分隔符，經過 field參數指定分隔符;

例如如今要改變默認的字段分隔符，用「#」來分隔記錄，導出的命令以下所示：
sqluldr2  test/test sql=tmp.sql field=#
　　在指定分隔符時，能夠用字符的ASCII代碼（0xXX，大寫的XX爲16進制的ASCII碼值）來指定一個字符，經常使用的字符的ASCII代碼以下：
　　回車=0x0d，換行=0x0a，TAB鍵=0x09，|=0x7c，&=0x26，雙引號=0x22，單引號=0x27
　　在選擇分隔符時，必定不能選擇會在字段值中出現的字符)

record = separator string between records (記錄之間的分隔字符串;分隔符  指定記錄分隔符，默認爲回車換行，Windows下的換行)

rows = print progress for every given rows (default, 1000000)

file = output file name(default: uldrdata.txt) (輸出文件名（默認：uldrdata.txt）)

log = log file name, prefix with + to append mode (日誌文件名，前綴加+模式)

fast = auto tuning the session level parameters(YES)

text = output type (MYSQL, CSV, MYSQLINS, ORACLEINS, FORM, SEARCH).

charset = character set name of the target database. (目標數據庫的字符集名稱;導出文件裏有中文顯示亂碼，須要設置參數charset=UTF8)

ncharset= national character set name of the target database.

parfile = read command option from parameter file (從參數文件讀取命令選項;能夠把參數放到parfile文件裏，這個參數對於複雜sql頗有用)

read = set DB_FILE_MULTIBLOCK_READ_COUNT at session level

sort = set SORT_AREA_SIZE at session level (UNIT:MB)

hash = set HASH_AREA_SIZE at session level (UNIT:MB)

array = array fetch size

head = print row header(Yes|No)

batch = save to new file for every rows batch (Yes/No) (爲每行批處理保存新文件)

size = maximum output file piece size (UNIB:MB)

serial = set _serial_direct_read to TRUE at session level

trace = set event 10046 to given level at session level

table = table name in the sqlldr control file (「TABLE」選項用於指定將文件導入的目標表的名字，例如咱們將EMP 表的數據導入到EMP_HIS 表中，假設這兩個表的表結構一致，先用以下命令導出數據：

Sqluldr2 … query=」select * from emp」 file=emp.txt table=emp_his ……)

control = sqlldr control file and path.

mode = sqlldr option, INSERT or APPEND or REPLACE or TRUNCATE

buffer = sqlldr READSIZE and BINDSIZE, default 16 (MB)

long = maximum long field size

width = customized max column width (w1:w2:...)

quote = optional quote string (可選引用字符串;引號符  指定非數字字段先後的引號符)

data = disable real data unload (NO, OFF)

alter = alter session SQLs to be execute before unload

safe = use large buffer to avoid ORA-24345 error (Yes|No) (使用大緩衝器避免ORA-24345錯誤;ORA-24345: A Truncation or null fetch error occurred，設置參數safe=yes)

crypt = encrypted user information only (Yes|No)

sedf/t = enable character translation function

null = replace null with given value

escape = escape character for special characters

escf/t = escape from/to characters list

format = MYSQL: MySQL Insert SQLs, SQL: Insert SQLs.

exec = the command to execute the SQLs.

prehead = column name prefix for head line.

rowpre = row prefix string for each line.

rowsuf = row sufix string for each line.

colsep = separator string between column name and value.

presql = SQL or scripts to be executed before data unload.

postsql = SQL or scripts to be executed after data unload.

lob = extract lob values to single file (FILE).

lobdir = subdirectory count to store lob files .

split = table name for automatically parallelization.

degree = parallelize data copy degree (2-128).

for field and record, you can use '0x' to specify hex character code,

\r=0x0d \n=0x0a |=0x7c ,=0x2c, \t=0x09, :=0x3a, #=0x23, "=0x22 '=0x27</span>

 

參考樓方鑫：

sqluldr2超詳細使用教程-loracle數據導出工具及方法