Apache Tomcat服務部署網站

Tomcat是Apache軟件基金會 (Apache Software Foundation)的Jakarta項目中的一個核心項目,由Apache、Sun 和其餘一些公司及我的共同開發而成.因爲有了Sun的參與和支持,最新的Servlet和JSP規範老是能在Tomcat中獲得體現,由於Tomcat 技術先進、性能穩定,並且免費,於是深受Java愛好者的喜好並獲得了部分軟件開發商的承認,成爲目前比較流行的Web應用服務器.

因爲 Tomcat 自己也內含了一個 HTTP 服務器,它也能夠被視做一個單獨的 Web 服務器.可是,不能將 Tomcat 和 Apache HTTP 服務器混淆 Apache HTTP 服務器是一個用 C 語言實現的 HTTP Web 服務器,這兩個 HTTP web server 不是捆綁在一塊兒的.Tomcat 包含了一個配置管理工具,也能夠經過編輯XML格式的配置文件來進行配置.

Tomcat環境搭建

1.因爲Tomcat使用Java開發,因此應該下載並安裝JDK.

[root@localhost ~]# wget http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/downloads/index.html
[root@localhost ~]# tar -xzvf jdk-*.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
[root@localhost ~]# mv /usr/local/jdk-*/ /usr/local/jdk

2.修改環境配置文件寫入如下內容,保證下次開機配置好Java環境.

[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/profile

#------------------------------------------------------------------
#Java-JDK-Path
export JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/jdk
export JAVA_BIN=/usr/local/jdk/bin
export PATH=$PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin
export CLASSPATH=.:$JAVA_HOME/lib/dt.jar:$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jar
export JAVA_HOME JAVA_BIN PATH CLASSPATH
#------------------------------------------------------------------

[root@localhost ~]# source /etc/profile

3.下載並解壓安裝Tomcat.

[root@localhost ~]# wget http://tomcat.apache.org/tomcat9.0.7.tar.gz
[root@localhost ~]# tar -xzvf apache-tomcat-9.0.7.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
[root@localhost ~]# mv /usr/local/apache-tomcat-9.0.7/ /usr/local/tomcat

4.修改環境配置文件寫入如下內容.

[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/profile

#------------------------------------------------------------------
#Apache-Tomcat-Path

export TOMCAT_HOME=/usr/local/tomcat
export PATH=$PATH:$TOMCAT_HOME/bin
#------------------------------------------------------------------

[root@localhost ~]# source /etc/profile

5.賦予可執行權限,啓動Tomcat,並設置成開機自啓動.

[root@localhost ~]# chmod -R 755 /usr/local/tomcat/bin/*
[root@localhost ~]# /usr/local/tomcat/bin/catalina.sh start
[root@localhost ~]# echo "/usr/local/tomcat/bin/catalina.sh start" >> /etc/profile

部署靜態頁面

1.建立一個默認目錄,用來保存起始頁面.

[root@localhost ~]# mkdir -p /usr/local/tomcat/webindex
[root@localhost ~]# echo "hello world" > /usr/local/tomcat/webindex/index.html

2.修改tomcat主配置文件,具體只須要修改兩處位置便可.

[root@localhost ~]# vim /usr/local/tomcat/conf/server.xml

67          Define a non-SSL/TLS HTTP/1.1 Connector on port 8080
68     -->
69     <Connector port="80" protocol="HTTP/1.1"          #將此處端口改成80
70                connectionTimeout="20000"
71                redirectPort="8443" />
72     <!-- A "Connector" using the shared thread pool-->
73     <!--
......
157         <!-- Access log processes all example.
158              Documentation at: /docs/config/valve.html
159              Note: The pattern used is equivalent to using pattern="common" -->
160         <Valve className="org.apache.catalina.valves.AccessLogValve" directory="logs"
161                prefix="localhost_access_log" suffix=".txt"
162                pattern="%h %l %u %t &quot;%r&quot; %s %b" />
163           <Context path="" docBase="/usr/local/tomcat/webindex" reloadable="false" />   #添加本行,指定一下配置文件位置
164
165       </Host>
166     </Engine>

3.從新啓動Tomcat,稍等片刻便可完成部署.

[root@localhost ~]# /usr/local/tomcat/bin/catalina.sh stop
[root@localhost ~]# /usr/local/tomcat/bin/catalina.sh start

Java-war包部署

1.將War包拷入到 /usr/local/tomcat/webapps 目錄下,並刪除 ROOT 緩存目錄.

[root@localhost ~]# cp -a *.war  /usr/local/tomcat/webapps/
[root@localhost ~]# rm -fr /usr/local/tomcat/webapps/ROOT/*

2.編輯Tomcat主配置文件,在相應的區域中加入如下標★語句.

[root@localhost ~]# vim /usr/local/tomcat/conf/server.xml

146       </Realm>
147 
148       <Host name="localhost"  appBase="webapps" unpackWARs="true" autoDeploy="true">
★     <Context path="" docBase="war包名稱.war" debug="0" privileged="true"/>
150 
151         <!-- SingleSignOn valve, share authentication between web applications
152              Documentation at: /docs/config/valve.html -->
153         <!--
154         <Valve className="org.apache.catalina.authenticator.SingleSignOn" />

3.從新啓動Tomcat,稍等片刻便可完成部署.

[root@localhost ~]# /usr/local/tomcat/bin/catalina.sh stop
[root@localhost ~]# /usr/local/tomcat/bin/catalina.sh start

Tomcat虛擬主機

◆基於端口虛擬主機◆

基於端口的虛擬主機,可讓用戶經過端口號,來訪問服務器上的資源,在配置虛擬網站時,基於端口的配置方式最爲複雜,如下實驗將實如今一臺服務器上配置多個端口,搭建多個網站,每一個網站使用一個端口.

1.首先在tomcat目錄建立兩個目錄分別存放兩個虛擬主機頁面.

[root@localhost ~]# mkdir -p /usr/local/tomcat/virtual
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir -p /usr/local/tomcat/virtual/vhost1
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir -p /usr/local/tomcat/virtual/vhost2

[root@localhost ~]# echo "vhost1" > /usr/local/tomcat/virtual/vhost1/index.html
[root@localhost ~]# echo "vhost2" > /usr/local/tomcat/virtual/vhost2/index.html

2.修改主配置文件,添加在server.xml,中設置兩個service組件.

[root@localhost ~]# vim /usr/local/tomcat/conf/server.xml

 53   <Service name="Catalina">
 54     <Connector port="80" protocol="HTTP/1.1" connectionTimeout="20000" redirectPort="8443" />
 55     <Connector port="8009" protocol="AJP/1.3" redirectPort="8443" />
 56
 57     <Engine name="Catalina" defaultHost="localhost">
 58       <Realm className="org.apache.catalina.realm.LockOutRealm">
 59         <Realm className="org.apache.catalina.realm.UserDatabaseRealm" resourceName="UserDatabase"/>
 60       </Realm>
 61
 62       <Host name="localhost"  appBase="webapps" unpackWARs="true" autoDeploy="true">
 63
 64         <Valve className="org.apache.catalina.valves.AccessLogValve" directory="logs" prefix="localhost_access_log" suffix=".txt" pattern="%h %l %u %t &quot;%r&quot; %s %b" />
 65           <Context path="" docBase="/usr/local/tomcat/virtual/vhost1" reloadable="false" />
 66       </Host>
 67     </Engine>
 68   </Service>
 69
 70   <Service name="Catalina1">
 71     <Connector port="8080" protocol="HTTP/1.1" connectionTimeout="20000" redirectPort="8443" />
 72     <Connector port="8009" protocol="AJP/1.3" redirectPort="8443" />
 73
 74     <Engine name="Catalina1" defaultHost="localhost">
 75       <Realm className="org.apache.catalina.realm.LockOutRealm">
 76         <Realm className="org.apache.catalina.realm.UserDatabaseRealm" resourceName="UserDatabase"/>
 77       </Realm>
 78
 79       <Host name="localhost"  appBase="webapps" unpackWARs="true" autoDeploy="true">
 80
 81         <Valve className="org.apache.catalina.valves.AccessLogValve" directory="logs" prefix="localhost_access_log" suffix=".txt" pattern="%h %l %u %t &quot;%r&quot; %s %b" />
 82           <Context path="" docBase="/usr/local/tomcat/virtual/vhost2" reloadable="false" />
 83       </Host>
 84     </Engine>
 85   </Service>

3.從新啓動Tomcat,稍等片刻便可完成部署.

[root@localhost ~]# /usr/local/tomcat/bin/catalina.sh stop
[root@localhost ~]# /usr/local/tomcat/bin/catalina.sh start

◆基於域名虛擬主機◆

當服務器沒法爲每個網站分配一個獨立的IP的時候,能夠嘗試讓Apache自動識別用戶請求的域名,從而根據不一樣的域名請求來傳輸不一樣的內容,這裏咱們爲了驗證明驗要手動搭建一個DNS解析,如下實驗將實如今一臺服務器上多個域名,搭建多個網站,每一個網站使用一個域名.

1.配置域名與Ip的映射管理,這裏你能夠配置DNS解析,也能夠直接寫host文件測試.

[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1   localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1         localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6

127.0.0.1 www.wang.com www
127.0.0.1 www.rui.com www

2.在tomcat目錄建立兩個目錄分別存放兩個虛擬主機頁面.

[root@localhost ~]# mkdir -p /usr/local/tomcat/virtual
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir -p /usr/local/tomcat/virtual/vhost1
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir -p /usr/local/tomcat/virtual/vhost2

[root@localhost ~]# echo "vhost1" > /usr/local/tomcat/virtual/vhost1/index.html
[root@localhost ~]# echo "vhost2" > /usr/local/tomcat/virtual/vhost2/index.html

3.修改server.xml主配置文件,修改如下內容便可.

[root@localhost ~]# vim /usr/local/tomcat/conf/server.xml

 53   <Service name="Catalina">
 54     <Connector port="80" protocol="HTTP/1.1" connectionTimeout="20000" redirectPort="8443" />
 55     <Connector port="8009" protocol="AJP/1.3" redirectPort="8443" />
 56
 57     <Engine name="Catalina" defaultHost="localhost">
 58       <Realm className="org.apache.catalina.realm.LockOutRealm">
 59         <Realm className="org.apache.catalina.realm.UserDatabaseRealm" resourceName="UserDatabase"/>
 60       </Realm>
 61
 62       <Host name="www.wang.com"  appBase="webapps" unpackWARs="true" autoDeploy="true">
 63         <Valve className="org.apache.catalina.valves.AccessLogValve" directory="logs" prefix="localhost_access_log" suffix=".txt" pattern="%h %l %u %t &quot;%r&quot; %s %b" />
 64           <Context path="" docBase="/usr/local/tomcat/virtual/vhost1" reloadable="false" />
 65       </Host>
 66       <Host name="www.rui.com"  appBase="webapps" unpackWARs="true" autoDeploy="true">
 67         <Valve className="org.apache.catalina.valves.AccessLogValve" directory="logs" prefix="localhost_access_log" suffix=".txt" pattern="%h %l %u %t &quot;%r&quot; %s %b" />
 68           <Context path="" docBase="/usr/local/tomcat/virtual/vhost2" reloadable="false" />
 69       </Host>
 70
 71     </Engine>
 72   </Service>

4.從新啓動Tomcat,稍等片刻便可完成部署.

[root@localhost ~]# /usr/local/tomcat/bin/catalina.sh stop
[root@localhost ~]# /usr/local/tomcat/bin/catalina.sh start