MySQL數據庫集羣實戰

時間 2020-01-21

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1、數據庫集羣使用場景mysql

1.隨着訪問量的不斷增長，單臺MySQL數據庫服務器壓力不斷地增長，須要對MySQL進行優化和架構改造，若是MySQL優化不能明顯改善壓力，可使用高可用、主從複製、讀寫分離出來、拆分庫、拆分表等方法來進行優化。web

2.MySQL主從複製集羣在中小企業、大型企業中被普遍應用，MySQL主從複製的目的實現數據冗餘備份，將master數據庫數據定時同步至slave庫中，一旦master數據庫宕機，能夠將web應用數據庫配置快速切換到salve數據庫，確保Web應用有較高的可用率，MySQL主從複製架構圖如圖1-1所示。sql

2、MySQL主從複製實戰數據庫

MySQL主從複製環境構建至少須要2臺服務器，能夠配置1主多從、多主多從，以1主1從爲例，MySQL主從複製架構實戰步驟以下：vim

1.在虛擬機上克隆一臺CentOS主機centos

2.開啓兩臺CentOS 7主機，並作相關配置服務器

1)配置兩臺CentOS主機名稱網絡

[root@localhost sky9890]# hostnamectl 架構

Static hostname: #localhost.localdomaindom

Transient hostname: localhost.localdomain

Icon name: computer-vm

Chassis: vm

Machine ID: 6c938bf5dc5b492088dafb0e745f01ec

Boot ID: 170db1b33955402daa0ee3d6911486ba

Virtualization: vmware

Operating System: CentOS Linux 7 (Core)

CPE OS Name: cpe:/o:centos:centos:7

Kernel: Linux 3.10.0-862.11.6.el7.x86_64

Architecture: x86-64

[root@localhost sky9890]# hostnamectl set-hostname MySQL_Master #配置永久生效的主機名

[root@localhost sky9890]# hostnamectl #查看主機名稱，從新啓動系統後生效

Static hostname: mysql_master

Pretty hostname: MySQL_Master

..................................................................

[root@localhost sky9890]# hostnamectl set-hostname MySQL_Slave

2)Master和Slave主機網絡

MySQL Master：192.168.153.142 #配置Master IP

[root@localhost sky9890]# vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0

TYPE="Ethernet"

BOOTPROTO="static"

NAME="ens33"

UUID="9f75af90-bd5d-467e-b433-216456e4a49e"

DEVICE="eth0"

ONBOOT="yes"

IPADDR=192.168.153.142

NETMASK=255.255.255.0

GATEWAY=192.168.153.2

MySQL Slave：192.168.153.143 #配置Slave IP

[root@localhost sky9890]# vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0

TYPE="Ethernet"

BOOTPROTO="static"

DEFROUTE="yes"

IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL="no"

IPV6INIT="yes"

IPV6_AUTOCONF="yes"

IPV6_DEFROUTE="yes"

IPV6_FAILURE_FATAL="no"

IPV6_ADDR_GEN_MODE="stable-privacy"

NAME="ens33"

DEVICE="eth0"

ONBOOT="yes"

IPADDR=192.168.153.143

NETMASK=255.255.255.0

GATEWAY=192.168.153.2

3.MySQL Master配置

[root@mysql_master sky9890]# vim /etc/my.cnf

[client]

port = 3306

socket = /tmp/mysql.sock

[mysqld]

port = 3306

socket = /tmp/mysql.sock

skip-external-locking

key_buffer_size = 256M

max_allowed_packet = 1M

table_open_cache = 256

sort_buffer_size = 1M

read_buffer_size = 1M

read_rnd_buffer_size = 4M

myisam_sort_buffer_size = 64M

thread_cache_size = 8

query_cache_size= 16M

thread_concurrency = 8

log-bin=mysql-bin

binlog_format=mixed

server-id = 1

[mysqldump]

quick

max_allowed_packet = 16M

[mysql]

no-auto-rehash

[myisamchk]

key_buffer_size = 128M

sort_buffer_size = 128M

read_buffer = 2M

write_buffer = 2M

[mysqlhotcopy]

interactive-timeout

4.MySQL Master建立用戶及受權

[root@mysql_master etc]# useradd testtongbu

[root@mysql_master etc]# passwd testtongbu

[root@mysql_master etc]# mysql -uroot -p

MySQL [(none)]> grant replication slave on *.* to 'testtongbu '@'%' identified by '12345678';

MySQL [(none)]> show master status;

+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+

+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+

| mysql-bin.000008 | 867 | | |

+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+

5.MySQL Slave配置

[root@mysql_master sky9890]# vim /etc/my.cnf

[client]

port = 3306

socket = /tmp/mysql.sock

[mysqld]

port = 3306

socket = /tmp/mysql.sock

skip-external-locking

key_buffer_size = 256M

max_allowed_packet = 1M

table_open_cache = 256

sort_buffer_size = 1M

read_buffer_size = 1M

read_rnd_buffer_size = 4M

myisam_sort_buffer_size = 64M

thread_cache_size = 8

query_cache_size= 16M

thread_concurrency = 8

#log-bin=mysql-bin

#binlog_format=mixed

server-id = 2

[mysqldump]

quick

max_allowed_packet = 16M

[mysql]

no-auto-rehash

[myisamchk]

key_buffer_size = 128M

sort_buffer_size = 128M

read_buffer = 2M

write_buffer = 2M

[mysqlhotcopy]

interactive-timeout

[root@mysql_slave sky9890]#

MySQL [(none)]> change master to master_host='192.168.153.142', master_port=3306, master_user='testtongbu',

master_passwork='12345678', master_log_file='mysql-bin.000008', master_log_pos=867;

MySQL [(none)]> slave start;

MySQL [(none)]> show slave status\G

*************************** 1. row ***************************

Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event

Master_Host: 192.168.153.142

Master_User: testtongbu

Master_Port: 3306

Connect_Retry: 60

Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000008

Read_Master_Log_Pos: 867

Relay_Log_File: mysql_slave-relay-bin.000005

Relay_Log_Pos: 596

Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000008

Slave_IO_Running: Yes

Slave_SQL_Running: Yes #IO、SQL線程狀態爲Yes,表明slave已正常鏈接master實現同步

Replicate_Do_DB:

Replicate_Ignore_DB:

Replicate_Do_Table:

Replicate_Ignore_Table:

Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:

Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:

Last_Errno: 0

Last_Error:

Skip_Counter: 0

Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 867

Relay_Log_Space: 904

Until_Condition: None

Until_Log_File:

Until_Log_Pos: 0

Master_SSL_Allowed: No

Master_SSL_CA_File:

Master_SSL_CA_Path:

Master_SSL_Cert:

Master_SSL_Cipher:

Master_SSL_Key:

Seconds_Behind_Master: 0

Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No

Last_IO_Errno: 0

Last_IO_Error:

Last_SQL_Errno: 0

Last_SQL_Error:

Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:

Master_Server_Id: 1

6.測試同步結果

MySQL Master操做：

MySQL [(none)]> create database tongbu_test charset=utf8;

MySQL [(none)]> use tongbu_test;

MySQL [tongbu_test]> create table test(id varchar(20),name varchar(20));

MySQL [tongbu_test]> show tables;

MySQL [tongbu_test]> create table student(id varchar(20),name varchar(20));

ERROR 1223 (HY000): Can't execute the query because you have a conflicting read lock

MySQL [tongbu_test]> unlock tables;

MySQL [tongbu_test]> create table student(id varchar(20),name varchar(20));

MySQL [(none)]> insert into student values("001","吳氏親宗");

MySQL Slave操做：

經過MySQL Slave測試數據來看，主從數據庫同步成功。

7.MySQL主從同步排錯思路

1)server-id,主從不能相同。

2)slave指定master IP、用戶名、密碼、bin-log文件名及position的信息要一致。

3)Slave_IO_Runngin:Yes Slave_SQL_Runngin:Yes，只有這兩個狀態都爲Yes,纔算是正從同步成功。

4)當主從產生延遲後，如何忽略錯誤後，繼續同步？

MySQL Master:

MySQL [(none)]> flush tables with read block; #將數據庫設置爲全局讀鎖，不容許寫入新數據。

MySQL Slave:

MySQL [tongbu_test]> stop slave;

MySQL [tongbu_test]> set global sql_salve_skip_counter =1

MySQL [tongbu_test]> start slave;

注意以上幾步至少要操做一次，有可能要兩次才能解決問題。

最後將master端解鎖：MySQL [(none)]> unlock tables;

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