python虛擬環境virtualenv和virtualenvwrapper

1.virtualenv

virtualenv做用：在一個操做系統下使用不一樣的python環境，包括不一樣的python版本和不一樣的python庫包

安裝pip

[root@sht-sgmhadoopcm-01 software]# wget https://bootstrap.pypa.io/get-pip.py --no-check-certificate

[root@sht-sgmhadoopcm-01 software]# python get-pip.py

安裝virtualenv

[root@sht-sgmhadoopcm-01 software]# pip install virtualenv

建立虛擬環境test1_env

默認新建的虛擬環境包括pip、easy_install等工具

[root@sht-sgmhadoopcm-01 software]# virtualenv test1_env

New python executable in /opt/software/test1_env/bin/python

Installing setuptools, pip, wheel...

done.

會生成響應的目錄和文件

[root@sht-sgmhadoopcm-01 software]# ls -lh test1_env/

total 0

drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 268 Feb 12 17:30 bin

drwxr-xr-x 3 root root  23 Feb 12 17:30 include

drwxr-xr-x 3 root root  23 Feb 12 17:30 lib

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root   3 Feb 12 17:30 lib64 -> lib

啓用虛擬環境

這個環境下執行python相關的操做都是限定在虛擬環境中

[root@sht-sgmhadoopcm-01 software]# source test1_env/bin/activate

(test1_env) [root@sht-sgmhadoopcm-01 software]#

查看當前虛擬環境的python目錄是否正確

>>> import sys

>>> print sys.path

['', '/opt/software/test1_env/lib64/python27.zip', '/opt/software/test1_env/lib64/python2.7', '/opt/software/test1_env/lib64/python2.7/plat-linux2', '/opt/software/test1_env/lib64/python2.7/lib-tk', '/opt/software/test1_env/lib64/python2.7/lib-old', '/opt/software/test1_env/lib64/python2.7/lib-dynload', '/usr/lib64/python2.7', '/usr/lib/python2.7', '/opt/software/test1_env/lib/python2.7/site-packages']

退出虛擬環境

(test1_env) [root@sht-sgmhadoopcm-01 bin]# deactivate

測試1：在系統環境中安裝第三方庫，虛擬環境沒有影響

[root@sht-sgmhadoopcm-01 software]# pip install jinja2

[root@sht-sgmhadoopcm-01 software]# pip list|grep Jinja2

Jinja2   

[root@sht-sgmhadoopcm-01 software]# source test1_env/bin/activate

(test1_env) [root@sht-sgmhadoopcm-01 software]# pip list|grep jinja2|wc -l

0

測試2：在虛擬環境中安裝第三方庫，系統環境沒有影響

[root@sht-sgmhadoopcm-01 software]# source test1_env/bin/activate

(test1_env) [root@sht-sgmhadoopcm-01 software]# pip install futures

(test1_env) [root@sht-sgmhadoopcm-01 software]# pip list|grep futures

futures    3.2.0  

[root@sht-sgmhadoopcm-01 software]# pip list |grep futures|wc -l

0

2.virtualenvwrapper

virtualenvwrapper做用：集中管理虛擬環境

安裝virtualenvwrapper

[root@sht-sgmhadoopcm-01 software]# pip install virtualenvwrapper

[root@sht-sgmhadoopcm-01 ~]# vim ~/.bash_profile

export WORKON_HOME=$HOME/.virtualenvs

export PROJECT_HOME=$HOME/workspace

source /bin/virtualenvwrapper.sh

[root@sht-sgmhadoopcm-01 ~]# source ~/.bash_profile

新建虛擬環境：mkvirtualenv [虛擬環境名稱]

[root@sht-sgmhadoopcm-01 software]# mkvirtualenv test3_env

New python executable in /root/.virtualenvs/test3_env/bin/python

Installing setuptools, pip, wheel...

done.

virtualenvwrapper.user_scripts creating /root/.virtualenvs/test3_env/bin/predeactivate

virtualenvwrapper.user_scripts creating /root/.virtualenvs/test3_env/bin/postdeactivate

virtualenvwrapper.user_scripts creating /root/.virtualenvs/test3_env/bin/preactivate

virtualenvwrapper.user_scripts creating /root/.virtualenvs/test3_env/bin/postactivate

virtualenvwrapper.user_scripts creating /root/.virtualenvs/test3_env/bin/get_env_details

[root@sht-sgmhadoopcm-01 software]# mkvirtualenv test4_env

列出虛擬環境列表：workon或者lsvirtualenv

[root@sht-sgmhadoopcm-01 .virtualenvs]# workon

test3_env

test4_env

啓動/切換虛擬環境：workon [虛擬環境名稱]

[root@sht-sgmhadoopcm-01 .virtualenvs]# workon test3_env

(test3_env) [root@sht-sgmhadoopcm-01 .virtualenvs]# workon test4_env

刪除虛擬環境：rmvirtualenv [虛擬環境名稱]

(test4_env) [root@sht-sgmhadoopcm-01 .virtualenvs]# rmvirtualenv test3_env