sqlalchemy多表查詢

from datetime import datetime
from sqlalchemy import Column,Integer,String,Boolean,DateTime,ForeignKey
from sqlalchemy.orm import  relationship
from .connect import Base,session

class User(Base):
    __tablename__='user'
    id=Column(Integer,primary_key=True,autoincrement=True)
    username=Column(String(20),nullable=False)
    passwd=Column(String(50),nullable=False)
    createtime=Column(DateTime,default=datetime.now)
    _locked=Column(Boolean,default=False,nullable=False)
    #在modules中寫好查詢條件，使用時直接調用
    @classmethod
    def all(cls):
        return session.query(cls).all()
    @classmethod
    def by_name(cls,username):
        return session.query(cls).filter_by(username=username).all()
    @property
    def locked(self):
        return self._locked

    def __repr__(self):
        return '<User(id=%s,username=%s,passwd=%s,createtime=%s,_locked=%s)>'%(
          self.id,
          self.username,
          self.passwd,
          self.createtime,
          self._locked
        )
class UserDetails(Base):
     __tablename__='user_details'
     id=Column(Integer,primary_key=True,autoincrement=True)
     id_card=Column(Integer,nullable=True,unique=True)
     last_login=Column(DateTime)
     login_num=Column(Integer,default=0)
     user_id=Column(Integer,ForeignKey('user.id'))
#bakcref創建反向索引，
     userdetails_for_foreignkey=relationship('User',backref='details',uselist=False,cascade='all')
     def __self__(self):
         return '<UserDetails(id=%s,id_card=%s,last_login=%s,login_num=%s,user_id=%s)>'%(
             self.id,
             self.id_card,
             self.last_login,
             self.login_num,
             self.user_id
         )
if __name__=='__main__':
    Base.metadata.create_all()

user_modules.py

from data.user_modules import User,session,UserDetails
#帶條件查詢
raw=session.query(User).filter_by(username='nanian').all()
raw=session.query(User).filter_by(username='nanian') #去掉.all()原生sql
raw=session.query(User).filter(User.username  =='nanian').all()
raw=session.query(User.username).filter(User.username  !='nanian').all()
raw=session.query(User.username).filter(User.username  !='nanian').first()
raw=session.query(User.username).filter(User.username  !='nanian').one() #若是前面查出的是多條數據則報錯
print(session.query(User).get(2)) #根據主鍵查，會本身找主鍵
print(raw)

#限制查詢結果數
print(session.query(User).filter(User.username!='nanian').limit(3).all())#前三行
print(session.query(User).filter(User.username!='nanian').offset(3).all())#第三行之後
print(session.query(User).filter(User.username!='nanian').slice(1,3).all())#2,3行


#排序
from sqlalchemy import desc
raw=session.query(User).filter(User.username  !='nanian').order_by(User.username).all()
raw=session.query(User).filter(User.username  !='nanian').order_by(desc(User.username).all()#逆序

#模糊查詢 儘可能少用模糊查詢，效率低
from sqlalchemy import or_
raw=session.query(User).filter(User.username!='nanian').all()
raw=session.query(User).filter(User.username.like('n%').all()
raw=session.query(User).filter(User.username.notlike('n%').all()
raw=session.query(User).filter(User.username.in_(['nanian','a']).all()) #加下劃線表示和python關鍵字做區分
raw=session.query(User).filter(User.username.isnot(None),User.passwd=='123').all()) #多條件
raw=session.query(User).filter(or_(User.username.isnot(None),User.passwd=='123')).all()) #或

raw=session.query(User).filter(User.username==None).all())

#聚合函數
from sqlalchemy import func,extract
print(session.query(User.passwd,func.count(User.id)).group_by(User.passwd).all())
print(session.query(User.passwd,func.count(User.id)).group_by(User.passwd).\
      having(func.count(User.id)>1) all())
print( session.query(extract('minute',User.createtime).label('minute'),\
                     func.count(User.id)).group_by('minute').all() )  #提取分鐘，按分鐘分組

#多表查詢
raw=session.query(User,UserDetails).all()
raw=session.query(User,UserDetails).filter(UserDetails.id==User.id) all()# cross join
raw=session.query(User.username,UserDetails.last_login).\
    join(UserDetails, UserDetails.id==User.id) all()# inner join
raw=session.query(User.username,UserDetails.last_login).\
    outerjoin(UserDetails, UserDetails.id==User.id) all()
# outer join表明left join 左鏈接，右鏈接將表反過來(sqlalchemy沒有rightjoin),小表左鏈接右表效率高

q1=session.query(User.id)
q2=session.query(UserDetails.id)
raw=q1.union(q2).all()

from sqlalchemy import  all_,any_
sql_0=session.query(UserDetails.last_login).subquery() #聲明子表
raw=session.query(User).filter(User.createtime >all_(sql_0)).all()
raw=session.query(User).filter(User.createtime >any_(sql_0)).all()

#原生sql
sql_1='''
select * from `user`
'''
raw=session.execute(sql_1)
#print(raw,dir(raw))
#print(raw.fetchone())
#print(raw.fetchmany())
#print(raw.fetchall())

for i in raw:
    print(i)

query.py