在上篇博文中,咱們已經講解了過濾器的基本概念,使用以及簡單的Servlet應用了。這篇博文主要講解過濾器的高級應用。。html
目的:解決全站的亂碼問題java
public void doFilter(ServletRequest req, ServletResponse resp, FilterChain chain) throws ServletException, IOException {
//將request和response強轉成http協議的
HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest = (HttpServletRequest) req;
HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse = (HttpServletResponse) resp;
httpServletRequest.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
httpServletResponse.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
httpServletResponse.setContentType("text/html;charset=UTF-8");
chain.doFilter(httpServletRequest, httpServletResponse);
}
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Servlet1中向瀏覽器迴應中文數據,沒有出現亂碼。設計模式
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
response.getWriter().write("看完博客點贊!");
}
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上面的過濾器是不完善的,由於瀏覽器用get方式提交給服務器的中文數據,單單靠上面的過濾器是沒法完成的!瀏覽器
那麼咱們須要怎麼作呢??咱們以前解決get方式的亂碼問題是這樣的:使用request獲取傳遞過來的數據,通過ISO 8859-1反編碼獲取獲得不是亂碼的數據(傳到Servlet上的數據已經被ISO 8859-1編碼過了,反編碼就能夠獲取原來的數據),再用UTF-8編碼,獲得中文數據!緩存
參考我以前的博文:mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzI…服務器
在Servlet獲取瀏覽器以GET方式提交過來的中文是亂碼的根本緣由是:getParameter()方法是以ISO 8859-1的編碼來獲取瀏覽器傳遞過來的數據的,獲得的是亂碼微信
既然知道了根本緣由,那也好辦了:過濾器傳遞的request對象,使用getParameter()方法的時候,獲取獲得的是正常的中文數據app
也就是說,sun公司爲咱們提供的request對象是不夠用的,由於sun公司提供的request對象使用getParameter()獲取get方式提交過來的數據是亂碼,因而咱們要加強request對象(使得getParameter()獲取獲得的是中文)!jsp
加強request對象,咱們要使用包裝設計模式!ide
包裝設計模式的五個步驟:
sun公司也知道咱們可能對request對象的方法不滿意,因而提供了HttpServletRequestWrapper類給咱們實現(若是實現HttpServletRequest接口的話,要實現太多的方法了!)
class MyRequest extends HttpServletRequestWrapper {
private HttpServletRequest request;
public MyRequest(HttpServletRequest request) {
super(request);
this.request = request;
}
@Override
public String getParameter(String name) {
String value = this.request.getParameter(name);
if (value == null) {
return null;
}
//若是不是get方法的,直接返回就好了
if (!this.request.getMethod().equalsIgnoreCase("get")) {
return null;
}
try {
//進來了就說明是get方法,把亂碼的數據
value = new String(value.getBytes("ISO8859-1"), this.request.getCharacterEncoding());
return value ;
} catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
throw new RuntimeException("不支持該編碼");
}
}
}
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將被加強的request對象傳遞給目標資源,那麼目標資源使用request調用getParameter()方法的時候,獲取獲得的就是中文數據,而不是亂碼了!
//將request和response強轉成http協議的
HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest = (HttpServletRequest) req;
HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse = (HttpServletResponse) resp;
httpServletRequest.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
httpServletResponse.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
httpServletResponse.setContentType("text/html;charset=UTF-8");
MyRequest myRequest = new MyRequest(httpServletRequest);
//傳遞給目標資源的request是被加強後的。
chain.doFilter(myRequest, httpServletResponse);
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<form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/Servlet1" method="get">
<input type="hidden" name="username" value="中國">
<input type="submit" value="提交">
</form>
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若是用戶輸入了敏感詞(傻b、尼瑪、操蛋等等不文明語言時),咱們要將這些不文明用於屏蔽掉,替換成符號!
要實現這樣的功能也很簡單,用戶輸入的敏感詞確定是在getParameter()獲取的,咱們在getParameter()獲得這些數據的時候,判斷有沒有敏感詞彙,若是有就替換掉就行了!簡單來講:也是要加強request對象
class MyDirtyRequest extends HttpServletRequestWrapper {
HttpServletRequest request;
//定義一堆敏感詞彙
private List<String> list = Arrays.asList("傻b", "尼瑪", "操蛋");
public MyDirtyRequest(HttpServletRequest request) {
super(request);
this.request = request;
}
@Override
public String getParameter(String name) {
String value = this.request.getParameter(name);
if (value == null) {
return null;
}
//遍歷list集合,看看獲取獲得的數據有沒有敏感詞彙
for (String s : list) {
if (s.equals(value)) {
value = "*****";
}
}
return value ;
}
}
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public void doFilter(ServletRequest req, ServletResponse resp, FilterChain chain) throws ServletException, IOException {
//將request和response強轉成http協議的
HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest = (HttpServletRequest) req;
HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse = (HttpServletResponse) resp;
MyDirtyRequest dirtyRequest = new MyDirtyRequest(httpServletRequest);
//傳送給目標資源的是被加強後的request對象
chain.doFilter(dirtyRequest, httpServletResponse);
}
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按照過濾器的執行順序:執行完目標資源,過濾器後面的代碼還會執行。因此,咱們在過濾器中能夠獲取執行完目標資源後的response對象!
咱們知道sun公司提供的response對象調用write()方法,是直接把數據返回給瀏覽器的。咱們要想實現壓縮的功能,write()方法就不能直接把數據寫到瀏覽器上!
這和上面是相似的,過濾器傳遞給目標資源的response對象就須要被咱們加強,使得目標資源調用writer()方法的時候不把數據直接寫到瀏覽器上!
response對象可能會使用PrintWriter或者ServletOutputStream對象來調用writer()方法的,因此咱們加強response對象的時候,須要把getOutputSteam和getWriter()重寫
class MyResponse extends HttpServletResponseWrapper{
HttpServletResponse response;
public MyResponse(HttpServletResponse response) {
super(response);
this.response = response;
}
@Override
public ServletOutputStream getOutputStream() throws IOException {
return super.getOutputStream();
}
@Override
public PrintWriter getWriter() throws IOException {
return super.getWriter();
}
}
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接下來,ServletOutputSteam要調用writer()方法,使得它不會把數據寫到瀏覽器上。這又要咱們加強一遍了!
/*加強ServletOutputSteam,讓writer方法不把數據直接返回給瀏覽器*/
class MyServletOutputStream extends ServletOutputStream{
private ByteArrayOutputStream byteArrayOutputStream;
public MyServletOutputStream(ByteArrayOutputStream byteArrayOutputStream) {
this.byteArrayOutputStream = byteArrayOutputStream;
}
//當調用write()方法的時候,實際上是把數據寫byteArrayOutputSteam上
@Override
public void write(int b) throws IOException {
this.byteArrayOutputStream.write(b);
}
}
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PrintWriter對象就好辦了,它原本就是一個包裝類,看它的構造方法,咱們直接能夠把ByteArrayOutputSteam傳遞給PrintWriter上。
@Override
public PrintWriter getWriter() throws IOException {
printWriter = new PrintWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(byteArrayOutputStream, this.response.getCharacterEncoding()));
return printWriter;
}
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咱們把數據都寫在了ByteArrayOutputSteam上了,應該提供方法給外界過去緩存中的數據!
public byte[] getBuffer() {
try {
//防止數據在緩存中,要刷新一下!
if (printWriter != null) {
printWriter.close();
}
if (byteArrayOutputStream != null) {
byteArrayOutputStream.flush();
return byteArrayOutputStream.toByteArray();
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return null;
}
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class MyResponse extends HttpServletResponseWrapper{
private ByteArrayOutputStream byteArrayOutputStream = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
private PrintWriter printWriter ;
private HttpServletResponse response;
public MyResponse(HttpServletResponse response) {
super(response);
this.response = response;
}
@Override
public ServletOutputStream getOutputStream() throws IOException {
//這個的ServletOutputSteam對象調用write()方法的時候,把數據是寫在byteArrayOutputSteam上的
return new MyServletOutputStream(byteArrayOutputStream);
}
@Override
public PrintWriter getWriter() throws IOException {
printWriter = new PrintWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(byteArrayOutputStream, this.response.getCharacterEncoding()));
return printWriter;
}
public byte[] getBuffer() {
try {
//防止數據在緩存中,要刷新一下!
if (printWriter != null) {
printWriter.close();
}
if (byteArrayOutputStream != null) {
byteArrayOutputStream.flush();
return byteArrayOutputStream.toByteArray();
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return null;
}
}
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public void doFilter(ServletRequest req, ServletResponse resp, FilterChain chain) throws ServletException, IOException {
HttpServletRequest request = (HttpServletRequest) req;
HttpServletResponse response = (HttpServletResponse) resp;
MyResponse myResponse = new MyResponse(response);
//把被加強的response對象傳遞進去,目標資源調用write()方法的時候就不會直接把數據寫在瀏覽器上了
chain.doFilter(request, myResponse);
//獲得目標資源想要返回給瀏覽器的數據
byte[] bytes = myResponse.getBuffer();
//輸出原來的大小
System.out.println("壓縮前:"+bytes.length);
//使用GZIP來壓縮資源,再返回給瀏覽器
ByteArrayOutputStream byteArrayOutputStream = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
GZIPOutputStream gzipOutputStream = new GZIPOutputStream(byteArrayOutputStream);
gzipOutputStream.write(bytes);
//獲得壓縮後的數據
byte[] gzip = byteArrayOutputStream.toByteArray();
System.out.println("壓縮後:" + gzip.length);
//還要設置頭,告訴瀏覽器,這是壓縮數據!
response.setHeader("content-encoding", "gzip");
response.setContentLength(gzip.length);
response.getOutputStream().write(gzip);
}
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protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
response.getWriter().write("fdshfidsuhfidusfhuidsfhuidshdsuifhsd" +
"uifhsduifffffdshfidsuhfidusfhuidsfhuidshdsuif" +
"hsduifhsduifffffdshfidsuhfidusfhuidsfhuidshd" +
"suifhsduifhsduifffffdshfidsuhfidusfhuidsfhuidsh" +
"dsuifhsduifhsduifffffdshfidsuhfidusfhuidsfhuids" +
"hdsuifhsduifhsduifffffdshfidsuhfidusfhuidsfhuid" +
"shdsuifhsduifhsduiffdshfidsuhfidusfhuidsfhuids" +
"hdsuifhsduifhsduifffffdshfidsuhfidusfhuidsfhui" +
"dshdsuifhsduifhsduifffffdshfidsuhfidusfhuidsfh" +
"uidshdsuifhsduifhsduifffffdshfidsuhfidusfhuids" +
"fhuidshdsuifhsduifhsduifffffdshfidsuhfidusfhuid" +
"sfhuidshdsuifhsduifhsduifffffdshfidsuhfidusfhui" +
"dsfhuidshdsuifhsduifhsduifffffdshfidsuhfidusfh" +
"uidsfhuidshdsuifhsduifhsduifffffdshfidsuhfidusf" +
"huidsfhuidshdsuifhsduifhsduifffffdshfidsuhfidus" +
"fhuidsfhuidshdsuifhsduifhsduifffffdshfidsuhfid" +
"usfhuidsfhuidshdsuifhsduifhsduifffffdshfidsuhf" +
"idusfhuidsfhuidshdsuifhsduifhsd" +
"uifffffdshfidsuhfidusfhuidsfhuidshdsuifhsduifhsduifffffff");
}
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只要把getParameter()獲取獲得的數據轉義一遍,就能夠完成功能了。
class MyHtmlRequest extends HttpServletRequestWrapper{
private HttpServletRequest request;
public MyHtmlRequest(HttpServletRequest request) {
super(request);
this.request = request;
}
@Override
public String getParameter(String name) {
String value = this.request.getParameter(name);
return this.Filter(value);
}
public String Filter(String message) {
if (message == null)
return (null);
char content[] = new char[message.length()];
message.getChars(0, message.length(), content, 0);
StringBuffer result = new StringBuffer(content.length + 50);
for (int i = 0; i < content.length; i++) {
switch (content[i]) {
case '<':
result.append("<");
break;
case '>':
result.append(">");
break;
case '&':
result.append("&");
break;
case '"':
result.append(""");
break;
default:
result.append(content[i]);
}
}
return (result.toString());
}
}
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public void doFilter(ServletRequest req, ServletResponse resp, FilterChain chain) throws ServletException, IOException {
HttpServletRequest request = (HttpServletRequest) req;
HttpServletResponse response = (HttpServletResponse) resp;
MyHtmlRequest myHtmlRequest = new MyHtmlRequest(request);
//傳入的是被加強的request!
chain.doFilter(myHtmlRequest, response);
}
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jsp代碼:
<form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/Servlet1" method="post">
<input type="hidden" name="username" value="<h1>你好i好<h1>">
<input type="submit" value="提交">
</form>
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Servlet代碼:
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
String value = request.getParameter("username");
response.getWriter().write(value);
}
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在前面咱們已經作過了,讓瀏覽器不緩存數據【驗證碼的圖片是不該該緩存的】。
如今咱們要作的是:緩存數據到內存中【若是某個資源重複使用,不輕易變化,應該緩存到內存中】
這個和壓縮數據的Filter很是相似的,由於讓數據不直接輸出給瀏覽器,把數據用一個容器(ByteArrayOutputSteam)存起來。若是已經有緩存了,就取緩存的。沒有緩存就執行目標資源!
class MyResponse extends HttpServletResponseWrapper {
private ByteArrayOutputStream byteArrayOutputStream = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
private PrintWriter printWriter ;
private HttpServletResponse response;
public MyResponse(HttpServletResponse response) {
super(response);
this.response = response;
}
@Override
public ServletOutputStream getOutputStream() throws IOException {
//這個的ServletOutputSteam對象調用write()方法的時候,把數據是寫在byteArrayOutputSteam上的
return new MyServletOutputStream(byteArrayOutputStream);
}
@Override
public PrintWriter getWriter() throws IOException {
printWriter = new PrintWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(byteArrayOutputStream, this.response.getCharacterEncoding()));
return printWriter;
}
public byte[] getBuffer() {
try {
//防止數據在緩存中,要刷新一下!
if (printWriter != null) {
printWriter.close();
}
if (byteArrayOutputStream != null) {
byteArrayOutputStream.flush();
return byteArrayOutputStream.toByteArray();
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return null;
}
}
//加強ServletOutputSteam,讓writer方法不把數據直接返回給瀏覽器
class MyServletOutputStream extends ServletOutputStream {
private ByteArrayOutputStream byteArrayOutputStream;
public MyServletOutputStream(ByteArrayOutputStream byteArrayOutputStream) {
this.byteArrayOutputStream = byteArrayOutputStream;
}
//當調用write()方法的時候,實際上是把數據寫byteArrayOutputSteam上
@Override
public void write(int b) throws IOException {
this.byteArrayOutputStream.write(b);
}
}
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public void doFilter(ServletRequest req, ServletResponse resp, FilterChain chain) throws ServletException, IOException {
//定義一個Map集合,key爲頁面的地址,value爲內存的緩存
Map<String, byte[]> map = new HashMap<>();
HttpServletRequest request = (HttpServletRequest) req;
HttpServletResponse response = (HttpServletResponse) resp;
//獲得客戶端想要請求的資源
String uri = request.getRequestURI();
byte[] bytes = map.get(uri);
//若是有緩存,直接返回給瀏覽器就好了,就不用執行目標資源了
if (bytes != null) {
response.getOutputStream().write(bytes);
return ;
}
//若是沒有緩存,就讓目標執行
MyResponse myResponse = new MyResponse(response);
chain.doFilter(request, myResponse);
//獲得目標資源想要發送給瀏覽器的數據
byte[] b = myResponse.getBuffer();
//把數據存到集合中
map.put(uri, b);
//把數據返回給瀏覽器
response.getOutputStream().write(b);
}
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儘管是刷新,獲取獲得的也是從緩存拿到的數據!
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