因爲H5的靈活多變,動態可配的特色,也爲了不冗長 的審覈週期,H5頁面在app上的重要性正日益突顯。javascript
iOS應用於H5交互的控件主要是UIWebView及WKWebViewjava
WKWebView是14年隨iOS8推出的,很好的解決了UIWebView加載速度慢,內存佔用大的問題git
WebViewJavaScriptBridge是一款輕量級的框架,使用它結合wkwebview能十分方便的實現源生與H5的交互github
webviewJavaScrptBridge的基本使用web
1.初始化需bind視圖 [WebViewJavaScriptBridge bridgeForWebView:]ajax
2.設置代理 [self.bridge setWebViewDelegate:self]api
3.註冊方法 網絡
[self.bridge registerHandler:@"click" handler:^(id data, WVJBResponseCallback responseCallback) {閉包
NSDictionary *dic = (NSDictionary *)data;app
[weakSelf responseJSWithData:(NSDictionary *)dic];
}];
click是方法名,handler是H5發起調用後傳回的回調,該閉包第一個H5頁面傳遞過來的參數,第二個是callBack對象
4.調用方法
[self.bridge callHandler:event data:data responseCallback:^(id responseData) {
NSLog(@"responseData:%@",responseData);
}];
event是方法名,源生直接發起回調,data是傳遞的參數,callBack是h5收到事件後傳回的回調
webviewJavaScriptBridge的精髓就是方法3,4的交替使用,使得源生調h5,h5調源生變的異常簡單,二者之間的連接僅僅靠一個方法名,收方register後,發起方callHandler就能實現一條消息的有效傳遞,具體實現細節可細究其源碼 webviewJavaScriptBridge
如今來探究下H5端如何使用bridge註冊及發起事件
/// 配置bridge function setupWebViewJavascriptBridge(callback) { if (window.WebViewJavascriptBridge) { return callback(WebViewJavascriptBridge); } if (window.WVJBCallbacks) { return window.WVJBCallbacks.push(callback); } window.WVJBCallbacks = [callback]; var WVJBIframe = document.createElement('iframe'); WVJBIframe.style.display = 'none'; WVJBIframe.src = 'https://__bridge_loaded__'; document.documentElement.appendChild(WVJBIframe); setTimeout(function() { document.documentElement.removeChild(WVJBIframe) }, 0) } /// callHandler data爲H5傳遞參數 setupWebViewJavascriptBridge(function (bridge) { let data = {'title': title} bridge.callHandler('setTitle', data) }) /// registerHandler data爲源生傳遞參數 bridge.registerHandler("result", function (data, responseCallback) { result(data['opType'], data['code'], data['msg']) })
可見在H5端使用bridge完成消息的收發頁十分方便。webviewJavaScriptCoreBridge的配置,是在H5頁面生成一個iframe節點,傳遞消息時插入這個節點,結束後移除這個節點,以此來實現源生到H5的一次消息傳遞。
WKNavigationDelegate 使用wkwebview進行一次網絡請求中的各類事件回調
WKUIDelegate 主要用於處理H5中的alert彈窗事件
-runJavaScriptAlertPanelWithMessage:
UIWebView,儘管該視圖已經被WKWebview取代,但市面上大多數應用框架仍然使用的是webview,而且其更接近底層,具備深究價值
UIWebview一般是經過攔截request,根據指定url中的參數,來實現H5端事件的調用
func webView(_ webView: UIWebView, shouldStartLoadWith request: URLRequest, navigationType: UIWebViewNavigationType) -> Bool { let absoluteString = request.url!.absoluteString if (!absoluteString.contain(prefix)) { return true }else {
// do something return false } }
返回false則攔截請求,截取url中所帶參數,根據需求作相應處理。一般爲封裝方法間的調用,會插入一段js代碼。
override func webViewDidStartLoad(_ webView: UIWebView) { super.webViewDidStartLoad(webView) /// 儘量在較早的時間點插入該js代碼 writtenJSApi(webView: webView) } func writtenJSApi(webView:UIWebView) { if let filePath:String = Bundle.main.path(forResource: "jsapi", ofType: "js"){ if let jsStr = try? NSString(contentsOfFile: filePath, encoding: String.Encoding.utf8.rawValue){ webView.stringByEvaluatingJavaScript(from: jsStr as String) } } }
js主要代碼
// 異步 window.JSApi.asyncInvoke = function (apiname, pramaJsonString, callbackapi) { var apiPath = "https://asyncjsapi.com/" + encodeURIComponent(apiname + window.JSApi.pramaSplit + pramaJsonString + window.JSApi.pramaSplit + callbackapi); var iframe = document.createElement("iframe"); iframe.setAttribute("src", apiPath); document.documentElement.appendChild(iframe); iframe.parentNode.removeChild(iframe); iframe = null; } // 同步 window.JSApi.syncInvoke = function (apiname, pramaJsonString) { var apiPath = "https://syncjsapi.com/" + encodeURIComponent(apiname + window.JSApi.pramaSplit + pramaJsonString ); var request = new XMLHttpRequest(); if (request == null) { return { code: 1, errorMsg: "not support XMLHttpRequest", data: null }; } var responseText = "" request.onreadystatechange = function () { // alert("stateChange"+request.readyState+","+request.status) if (request.readyState == 4 && request.status == 200) { responseText = request.responseText; } else { responseText = "" } // alert(responseText) }; // alert(apiname+" 2 request open "+apiPath); request.open("GET", apiPath, false); request.send(null); console.log(responseText) return responseText } })();
能夠看出,異步方法依然是在頁面建立iframe,先插入後刪除的方式;同步方法是利用ajax,建立了一個http請求,並監聽request的狀態,當status爲200時,返回信息給H5。同步方法的攔截是在urlProtocol裏面
class JsApiURLProtocol: URLProtocol, URLSessionDataDelegate, URLSessionTaskDelegate { override class func canInit(with request: URLRequest) -> Bool { if let strUrl:String = request.url?.absoluteString { if JsApiHelper.isSyncNativeApi(urlString: strUrl) { return true } }else { return false } } override func startLoading() { let strUrl:String! = request.url!.absoluteString if JsApiHelper.isSyncNativeApi(urlString: strUrl) { // 調用同步jsapi let result: NSString = JsApiHelper.syncInvoke(urlString: strUrl! as NSString) as NSString let resultData: NSData = result.data(using: String.Encoding.utf8.rawValue)! as NSData var headerFields: [NSObject : AnyObject]? = [NSObject : AnyObject]() headerFields?.updateValue("*" as AnyObject, forKey: "Access-Control-Allow-Origin" as NSObject) let response: HTTPURLResponse = HTTPURLResponse(url: self.request.url!, statusCode: 200, httpVersion: "HTTP/1.1", headerFields: headerFields as? [String:String])! self.client!.urlProtocol(self, didReceive: response, cacheStoragePolicy: .notAllowed) self.client!.urlProtocol(self, didLoad: resultData as Data) self.client!.urlProtocolDidFinishLoading(self) } } }
caninit方法中return true表示進行請求,不然攔截請求。startLoading方法中建立相應的response返回給js中的request,注意finishLoading,不然容易形成死循環。
UIWebview調用H5就至關簡單了,一句代碼搞定
webView.stringByEvaluatingJavaScript(from: "javascript:window.goBack()");