google 工程師Jeff Dean 首先在他關於分佈式系統的ppt文檔列出來的,處處被引用的不少。緩存
1s = 10^3ms = 10^6μs = 10^9ns網絡
1秒 = 1千毫秒 = 1百萬微秒 = 10億納秒分佈式
Numbers Everyone Should Knowip
描述 | 納秒ns | 微秒μs | 毫秒ms | 秒s |
L1 cache reference 讀取CPU的一級緩存 | 0.5 | - | - | - |
Branch mispredict(轉移、分支預測) | 5 | - | - | - |
L2 cache reference 讀取CPU的二級緩存 | 7 | - | - | - |
Mutex lock/unlock 互斥鎖\解鎖 | 100 | 0.1 | - | - |
Main memory reference 讀取內存數據 | 100 | 0.1 | - | - |
Compress 1K bytes with Zippy 1k字節壓縮 | 10,000 | 10 | - | - |
Send 2K bytes over 1 Gbps network 在1Gbps的網絡上發送2k字節 | 20,000 | 20 | - | - |
Read 1 MB sequentially from memory 從內存順序讀取1MB | 250,000 | 250 | 0.25 | - |
Round trip within same datacenter 從一個數據中心往返一次,ping一下 | 500,000 | 500 | 0.5 | - |
Disk seek 磁盤搜索 | 10,000,000 | 10,000 | 10 | 0.01 |
Read 1 MB sequentially from network 從網絡上順序讀取1兆的數據 | 10,000,000 | 10,000 | 10 | 0.01 |
Read 1 MB sequentially from disk 從磁盤裏面讀出1MB | 30,000,000 | 30,000 | 30 | 0.03 |
Send packet CA->Netherlands->CA 一個包的一次遠程訪問 | 150,000,000 | 150,000 | 150 | 0.15 |