MySQL主從複製與讀寫分離(實踐篇)

MySQL主從複製的類型

基於語句的複製(默認)

  • 在主服務器上執行的語句,從服務器執行一樣的語句

基於行的複製

  • 把改變的內容複製到從服務器

混合類型的複製

  • 一旦發現基於語句沒法精確複製時,就會採用基於行的複製

主從複製的過

MySQL主從複製與讀寫分離(實踐篇)

MySQL讀寫分離原理

  • 讀寫分離就是隻在主服務器上寫,只在從服務器上讀
  • 主數據庫處理事務性查詢,而從數據庫處理select查詢
  • 數據庫複製被用來把事務性查詢致使的變動同步到集羣中的從數據庫

讀寫分離的過程

MySQL主從複製與讀寫分離(實踐篇)

實踐操做

實驗環境

amoeba服務器IP地址:192.168.144.160
master服務器IP地址:192.168.144.151
slave1服務器IP地址:192.168.144.163
slave2服務器IP地址:192.168.144.145
client客戶端

在master服務器上安裝ntp時間服務器

[root@ameoba ~]# yum install ntp -y   //安裝時間服務器
[root@master1 ~]# vim /etc/ntp.conf 
##在server下添加
server 127.127.144.0      //本地是時間源
fudge 127.127.144.0 stratum 8   //設置時間層級爲8

[root@master1 ~]# systemctl start ntpd    //啓動時間服務
[root@master1 ~]# systemctl stop firewalld   //關閉防火牆
[root@master1 ~]# setenforce 0

在slave1上安裝ntp,ntpdate服務

[root@slave1 ~]# yum install ntp ntpdate -y
[root@slave1 ~]# systemctl start ntpd
[root@slave1 ~]# systemctl stop firewalld
[root@slave1 ~]# setenforce 0
[root@slave1 ~]# /usr/sbin/ntpdate 192.168.144.151    //同步主服務器時間
29 Nov 16:58:43 ntpdate[4932]: the NTP socket is in use, exiting

在slave2上安裝ntp,ntpdate服務

[root@slave2 ~]# yum install ntp ntpdate -y
[root@slave2 ~]# systemctl start ntpd
[root@slave2 ~]# systemctl stop firewalld
[root@slave2 ~]# setenforce 0
[root@slave2 ~]# /usr/sbin/ntpdate 192.168.144.151
29 Nov 17:02:08 ntpdate[4850]: the NTP socket is in use, exiting

在master,slave1,slave2上分別安裝MySQL-5.5.24

[root@master1 ~]# mkdir /abc   //建立掛載點
[root@master1 ~]# mount.cifs //192.168.100.8/LNMP-C7 /abc/   //遠程掛載
Password for root@//192.168.100.8/LNMP-C7:  
[root@master1 ~]# cd /abc/
[root@master1 abc]# ls
mysql-5.5.24
[root@master1 abc]# tar zxvf mysql-5.5.24.tar.gz -C /opt/   //解壓
[root@master1 opt]# yum install -y \
> gcc gcc-c++ \
> ncurses \
> ncurese-devel \    //控制終端屏幕顯示的庫
> bison \                 //語法分析
> make
> cmake                 //cmake工具
> libaio-devel         //系統調用來實現異步IO

[root@slave1 opt]# useradd -s /sbin/nologin mysql   //添加不可登陸的mysql用戶
[root@slave1 opt]# cd /opt/mysql-5.5.24/
[root@slave1 mysql-5.5.24]# mkdir /usr/local/mysql   //建立安裝目錄
[root@slave1 mysql-5.5.24]# cmake \      //配置
> -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql \    //安裝路徑
> -DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/home/mysql/mysql.sock \   //sock文件路徑
> -DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 \      //字符集
> -DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci \
> -DWITH_EXTRA_CHARSETS=all \
> -DWITH_MYISAM_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \     //存儲引擎
> -DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
> -DWITH_MEMORY_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
> -DWITH_READLINE=1 \
> -DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1 \
> -DMYSQL_DATADIR=/home/mysql \     //數據文件路徑
> -DMYSQL_USER=mysql \      //用戶
> -DMYSQL_TCP_PORT=3306    //端口

[root@slave1 mysql-5.5.24]# make && make install   //編譯及安裝
[root@master1 mysql-5.5.24]# chown -R mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql   //設置mysql屬主屬組
[root@master1 mysql-5.5.24]# vim /etc/profile   //配置環境變量便於系統識別
export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin/
[root@master1 mysql-5.5.24]# source /etc/profile   //刷新配置文件
[root@master1 mysql-5.5.24]# cp support-files/my-medium.cnf /etc/my.cnf   //主配置文件
cp:是否覆蓋"/etc/my.cnf"? yes
[root@master1 mysql-5.5.24]# cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld   //啓動文件
[root@master1 mysql-5.5.24]# chmod 755 /etc/init.d/mysqld    //設置權限
[root@master1 mysql-5.5.24]# chkconfig --add /etc/init.d/mysqld    //添加到service管理中
[root@master1 mysql-5.5.24]# chkconfig mysqld --level 35 on   //開機自啓動
[root@master1 mysql-5.5.24]# /usr/local/mysql/scripts/mysql_install_db \   //初始化數據庫
> --user=mysql \
> --ldata=/var/lib/mysql \
> --basedir=/usr/local/mysql \
> --datadir=/home/mysql

[root@master1 mysql-5.5.24]# vim /etc/init.d/mysqld    //編輯啓動腳本文件
basedir=/usr/local/mysql   //找到此處添加路徑
datadir=/home/mysql
[root@master1 mysql-5.5.24]# service mysqld start    //啓動MySQL
Starting MySQL.. SUCCESS! 
[root@master1 mysql-5.5.24]# mysqladmin -u root password 'abc123'  //設置密碼

配置master主服務器

[root@master1 mysql-5.5.24]# vim /etc/my.cnf
server-id       = 11     //服務ID號
log-bin=master-bin                         //主服務器日誌文件
log-slave-updates=true                   //從服務器更新二進制日誌
[root@master1 mysql-5.5.24]# service mysqld restart   //重啓MySQL服務
Shutting down MySQL. SUCCESS! 
Starting MySQL.. SUCCESS!
[root@master1 ~]# mysql -uroot -pabc123   //進入數據庫

mysql> GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE ON *.* TO 'myslave'@'192.168.144.%' IDENTIFIED BY '123456';    //給從服務器提權複製權限,名爲myslave密碼123456對於144段網段
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;    ##刷新提權
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> show master status;   ##查看主服務器狀態
+-------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| File              | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB |
+-------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| master-bin.000002 |      338 |              |                  |
+-------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

配置slave1從服務器

[root@slave1 mysql-5.5.24]# vim /etc/my.cnf
server-id       = 22              //另一臺爲23

relay-log=relay-log-bin                         //從主服務器上同步日誌文件記錄到本地
relay-log-index=slave-relay-bin.index           //定義relay-log的位置和名稱
[root@slave1 mysql-5.5.24]# service mysqld restart    //從新服務
Shutting down MySQL. SUCCESS!  
Starting MySQL.. SUCCESS!
[root@slave1 mysql-5.5.24]# mysql -uroot -pabc123

mysql> change master to master_host='192.168.144.151',master_user='myslave',master_password='123456',master_log_file='master-bin.000002',master_log_pos=338;    //同步主服務器二進制文件和位置使用受權的帳號密碼
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> start slave;     //開啓同步
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> show slave status\G;   ##查看狀態
                            Master_Log_File: master-bin.000002
                    Read_Master_Log_Pos: 338
                             Relay_Log_File: relay-log-bin.000001
                                Relay_Log_Pos: 4
                Relay_Master_Log_File: master-bin.000002
                         Slave_IO_Running: Yes
                        Slave_SQL_Running: Yes

配置slave2從服務器

[root@slave2 mysql-5.5.24]# vim /etc/my.cnf
server-id       = 23              

relay-log=relay-log-bin                         //從主服務器上同步日誌文件記錄到本地
relay-log-index=slave-relay-bin.index           //定義relay-log的位置和名稱
[root@slave2 mysql-5.5.24]# service mysqld restart    //從新服務
Shutting down MySQL. SUCCESS!  
Starting MySQL.. SUCCESS!
[root@slave2 mysql-5.5.24]# mysql -uroot -pabc123

mysql> change master to master_host='192.168.144.151',master_user='myslave',master_password='123456',master_log_file='master-bin.000002',master_log_pos=338;    //同步主服務器二進制文件和位置使用受權的帳號密碼
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> start slave;    //開啓同步
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> show slave status\G;    //查看狀態
                            Master_Log_File: master-bin.000002
                    Read_Master_Log_Pos: 338
                             Relay_Log_File: relay-log-bin.000001
                                Relay_Log_Pos: 4
                Relay_Master_Log_File: master-bin.000002
                         Slave_IO_Running: Yes
                        Slave_SQL_Running: Yes

測試同步狀況

Master

mysql> create database school;    //建立school數據庫
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

Slave1

mysql> show databases;   //查看數據庫,實現主從同步
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| #mysql50#.mozilla  |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| school             |
| test               |
+--------------------+
6 rows in set (0.01 sec)

Slave2

mysql> show databases;   //查看數據庫,實現主從同步
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| #mysql50#.mozilla  |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| school             |
| test               |
+--------------------+
6 rows in set (0.01 sec)

配置amoeba服務器

[root@amoeba ~]# systemctl stop firewalld.service   //關閉防火牆
[root@amoeba ~]# setenforce 0
[root@amoeba ~]# mount.cifs //192.168.100.8/LNMP-C7 /mnt/  //掛載
Password for root@//192.168.100.8/LNMP-C7:  
[root@amoeba ~]# cd /mnt/
[root@amoeba mnt]# ls
[root@amoeba mnt]# cp jdk-6u14-linux-x64.bin /usr/local/   //複製jdk二進制文件到/usr/local下
[root@amoeba mnt]# cd /usr/local/
[root@amoeba local]# ./jdk-6u14-linux-x64.bin      //直接執行安裝
Do you agree to the above license terms? [yes or no]
yes                //選擇yes進行安裝
Press Enter to continue.....
##回車繼續
[root@amoeba local]# mv jdk1.6.0_14/ /usr/local/jdk1.6         //簡化文件名
[root@amoeba local]# vim /etc/profile         //設置環境變量
...
export JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/jdk1.6            //家目錄
export CLASSPATH=$CLASSPATH:$JAVA_HOME/lib:$JAVA_HOME/jre/lib            //class環境變量
export PATH=$JAVA_HOME/lib:$JAVA_HOME/jre/bin/:$PATH:$HOME/bin           //環境變量
export AMOEBA_HOME=/usr/local/amoeba                  //amoeba家目錄
export PATH=$PATH:$AMOEBA_HOME/bin                //環境變量
[root@amoeba local]# source /etc/profile            //刷新配置文件
[root@amoeba local]# mkdir /usr/local/amoeba         //建立amoeba目錄
[root@amoeba local]# cd /mnt/
[root@amoeba mnt]# tar zxvf amoeba-mysql-binary-2.2.0.tar.gz -C /usr/local/amoeba      //解壓amoeba壓縮包
[root@amoeba mnt]# chmod -R 755 /usr/local/amoeba/            //設置權限
[root@amoeba mnt]# /usr/local/amoeba/bin/amoeba                //檢查是否安裝成功
amoeba start|stop

在master,slave1,slave2上受權amoeba訪問

grant all on *.* to test@'192.168.144.%' identified by '123.com';    //給amoeba訪問權限用戶test密碼123.com

回到amoeba服務器修改配置文件

[root@amoeba conf]# vim amoeba.xml       //修改主配置文件
---30行--
 <property name="user">amoeba</property>        //從服務器同步主服務器的用戶密碼
----32行---------
 <property name="password">123456</property>
---117-去掉註釋-
 <property name="defaultPool">master</property>
 <property name="writePool">master</property>
 <property name="readPool">slaves</property>
:wq
[root@amoeba conf]# vim conf/dbServers.xml       //配置數據庫配置文件
--26-29--去掉註釋--
 <property name="user">test</property>

 <property name="password">123.com</property>
-----42-主服務器地址---
<dbServer name="master"  parent="abstractServer">
 <property name="ipAddress">192.168.144.151</property>
--52-從服務器主機名-
<dbServer name="slave1"  parent="abstractServer">
 <property name="ipAddress">192.168.144.163</property>
 ##複製6行添加slave2
 <dbServer name="slave2"  parent="abstractServer">
 <property name="ipAddress">192.168.144.145</property>
--65行左右--
 <dbServer name="slaves" virtual="true">
 <poolConfig class="com.meidusa.amoeba.server.MultipleServerPool">
--末尾--
<property name="poolNames">slave1,slave2</property>
 </poolConfig>
[root@amoeba conf]# /usr/local/amoeba/bin/amoeba start&      //開啓amoeba服務
[root@amoeba ~]# netstat -anpt | grep java           //開啓另外一個終端查看開啓狀況
tcp6       0      0 127.0.0.1:26268         :::*                    LISTEN      40925/java          
tcp6       0      0 :::8066                 :::*                    LISTEN      40925/java          
tcp6       0      0 192.168.144.160:34090    192.168.144.151:3306     ESTABLISHED 40925/java          
tcp6       0      0 192.168.144.160:33866    192.168.144.145:3306     ESTABLISHED 40925/java          
tcp6       0      0 192.168.144.160:55984    192.168.144.163:3306     ESTABLISHED 40925/java

在客戶端測試讀寫分離

[root@client ~]# yum install mysql -y      //安裝測試數據庫

client建立表

[root@client ~]# mysql -u amoeba -p123456 -h 192.168.144.160 -P8066     //使用amoeba帳戶密碼登陸amoeba
MySQL [(none)]> show databases;   //查看數據庫
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| #mysql50#.mozilla  |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| school             |
| test               |
+--------------------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)

MySQL [(none)]> use school;        //使用數據庫
Database changed
MySQL [school]> create table info (         //建立表
        -> id int(4) not null primary key,
        -> name varchar(10) not null,
        -> score decimal(4,1) not null);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)

查看主從服務器上是否有建立的表

mysql> use school;    ##使用數據庫
Database changed
mysql> show tables;  ##查看錶
+------------------+
| Tables_in_school |
+------------------+
| info             |
+------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

在兩臺從服務器上關閉同步slave

mysql> stop slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

在client上寫入表數據

MySQL [school]> insert into info (id,name,score) values (1,'zhangsan',88);  //插入數據內容
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.03 sec)

在Master上查看

mysql> select * from info;
+----+----------+-------+
| id | name     | score |
+----+----------+-------+
|  1 | zhangsan |  88.0 |
+----+----------+-------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

在從服務器上查看

mysql> select * from info;  //slave上沒有寫入
Empty set (0.00 sec)

在client查看

mysql> insert into info (id,name,score) values (2,'lisi',70);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

在slave2寫入內容

mysql> insert into info (id,name,score) values (3,'wuwang',60);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

在測試機上查看info表數據(輪詢的方式)

MySQL [school]> select * from info;
+----+--------+-------+
| id | name   | score |
+----+--------+-------+
|  3 | wuwang |  60.0 |
+----+--------+-------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

MySQL [school]> select * from info;
+----+------+-------+
| id | name | score |
+----+------+-------+
|  2 | lisi |  70.0 |
+----+------+-------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
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