Linux當中,一切皆文件。linux
/
根分區,只有root用戶對此目錄擁有寫權限。session
/etc
配置文件less
/boot
啓動文件ide
/var
可增加的目錄 。日誌,文件等。ui
/root
管理員全部數據 root用戶的家目錄。unix
/tmp
臨時文件 (大概15天清空一次。)日誌
/usr
unix software source /usr/src 源代碼目錄。/usr/local 本身的軟件安裝位置。code
/bin
命令 二進制可執行文件。進程
/sbin
系統命令。string
/mnt
掛載目錄。
/dev
設備文件。 一切皆文件,終端,磁盤等。鍵盤,鼠標等。
/home
普通用戶文件存放位置。
/proc
虛擬目錄。能夠查看每一個進程的狀況。
/lib
存放系統的庫文件(動態庫,靜態庫。 .a靜態庫,.so動態庫)。相似於.dll文件。
絕對路徑是從/
開始的。
相對路徑是以.
..
開始的。
touch a.txt
建立一個文件
mkdir test
建立一個目錄
[root@local ~]# cat a.txt hello linux
查看文件
[root@local ~]# less /var/log/messages
less 能夠上下左右查看。enter,空格都是下一頁。q退出查看。
[root@local ~]# more /var/log/messages
more只能向下翻頁查看。
[root@local ~]# cat /var/log/messages
cat一次性展現全部內容。
[root@local ~]# tail -n 10 /var/log/messages Jan 5 15:30:01 local systemd: Started Session 14 of user root. Jan 5 15:30:01 local systemd: Starting Session 14 of user root. Jan 5 15:40:01 local systemd: Started Session 15 of user root. Jan 5 15:40:01 local systemd: Starting Session 15 of user root. Jan 5 15:50:01 local systemd: Started Session 16 of user root. Jan 5 15:50:01 local systemd: Starting Session 16 of user root. Jan 5 16:00:01 local systemd: Started Session 17 of user root. Jan 5 16:00:01 local systemd: Starting Session 17 of user root. Jan 5 16:01:01 local systemd: Started Session 18 of user root. Jan 5 16:01:01 local systemd: Starting Session 18 of user root.
tail 最後多少行。
[root@local ~]# head -n 10 /var/log/messages Jan 2 16:17:58 local rsyslogd: [origin software="rsyslogd" swVersion="7.4.7" x-pid="887" x-info="http://www.rsyslog.com"] start Jan 2 16:17:47 local journal: Runtime journal is using 8.0M (max allowed 99.2M, trying to leave 148.9M free of 984.9M available → current limit 99.2M). Jan 2 16:17:47 local journal: Runtime journal is using 8.0M (max allowed 99.2M, trying to leave 148.9M free of 984.9M available → current limit 99.2M). Jan 2 16:17:47 local kernel: Initializing cgroup subsys cpuset Jan 2 16:17:47 local kernel: Initializing cgroup subsys cpu Jan 2 16:17:47 local kernel: Initializing cgroup subsys cpuacct Jan 2 16:17:47 local kernel: Linux version 3.10.0-327.el7.x86_64 (mockbuild@x86-034.build.eng.bos.redhat.com) (gcc version 4.8.3 20140911 (Red Hat 4.8.3-9) (GCC) ) #1 SMP Thu Oct 29 17:29:29 EDT 2015 Jan 2 16:17:47 local kernel: Command line: BOOT_IMAGE=/vmlinuz-3.10.0-327.el7.x86_64 root=UUID=87b51ffa-2f57-4ac2-99e7-e491bb257520 ro rhgb quiet LANG=zh_CN.UTF-8 Jan 2 16:17:47 local kernel: Disabled fast string operations Jan 2 16:17:47 local kernel: e820: BIOS-provided physical RAM map:
head 開頭多少行。
[root@local ~]# tail -f -n 10 /var/log/messages Jan 5 15:30:01 local systemd: Started Session 14 of user root. Jan 5 15:30:01 local systemd: Starting Session 14 of user root. Jan 5 15:40:01 local systemd: Started Session 15 of user root. Jan 5 15:40:01 local systemd: Starting Session 15 of user root. Jan 5 15:50:01 local systemd: Started Session 16 of user root. Jan 5 15:50:01 local systemd: Starting Session 16 of user root. Jan 5 16:00:01 local systemd: Started Session 17 of user root. Jan 5 16:00:01 local systemd: Starting Session 17 of user root. Jan 5 16:01:01 local systemd: Started Session 18 of user root. Jan 5 16:01:01 local systemd: Starting Session 18 of user root. Jan 5 16:03:51 local systemd-logind: New session 19 of user root. Jan 5 16:03:51 local systemd: Started Session 19 of user root. Jan 5 16:03:51 local systemd: Starting Session 19 of user root. Jan 5 16:03:51 local dbus[887]: [system] Activating service name='org.freedesktop.problems' (using servicehelper) Jan 5 16:03:51 local dbus-daemon: dbus[887]: [system] Activating service name='org.freedesktop.problems' (using servicehelper) Jan 5 16:03:51 local dbus[887]: [system] Successfully activated service 'org.freedesktop.problems' Jan 5 16:03:51 local dbus-daemon: dbus[887]: [system] Successfully activated service 'org.freedesktop.problems'
tail -f 動態的查看數據。這個很實用。
[root@local ~]# rm -r test2 rm:是否刪除目錄 "test2"?y
[root@local ~]# rm -rf test
rm -r 包括子目錄,-f 強制刪除。
cp 複製。
[root@local ~]# cp b.txt a.txt
mv 重命名。剪切。
[root@local ~]# mv a.txt b.txt