apache rewrite

用rewrite可實現的部分：URL根目錄搬遷，多目錄查找資源，阻止盜連你的圖片，拒絕某些主機訪問，基於時間重寫，據瀏覽器類型重寫，動態鏡像遠程資源，外部重寫程序模板，等等

詳見下表：

目標	重寫設置	說明
規範化URL	RewriteRule ^/~([^/]+)/?(.*) /u/$1/$2 [R]	將/~user重寫爲/u/user的形式
	RewriteRule ^/([uge])/([^/]+)$ /$1/$2/ [R]	將/u/user末尾漏掉的/補上
規範化HostName	RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} !^fully\.qualified\.domain\.name [NC]	域名不合格
	RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} !^$	不空
	RewriteCond %{SERVER_PORT} !^80$	不是80端口
	RewriteRule ^/(.*) http://fully.qualified.domain.name:%{SERVER_PORT}/$1 [L,R]	重寫
	RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} !^fully\.qualified\.domain\.name [NC]
	RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} !^$
	RewriteRule ^/(.*) http://fully.qualified.domain.name/$1 [L,R]
URL根目錄轉移	RewriteEngine on
	RewriteRule ^/$ /e/www/ [R]	從/移到/e/www/
末尾目錄補斜線	RewriteEngine on
（目錄範圍內）	RewriteBase /~quux/
	RewriteRule ^foo$ foo/ [R]	/~quux/foo是一個目錄，補/
	RewriteEngine on
	RewriteBase /~quux/
	RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} -d	若是請文件名是個目錄
	RewriteRule ^(.+[^/])$ $1/ [R]	URL末尾不是斜線時補上
Web集羣	RewriteEngine on
	RewriteMap user-to-host txt:/path/to/map.user-to-host	用戶－服務器映射
	RewriteMap group-to-host txt:/path/to/map.group-to-host	組－服務器映射
	RewriteMap entity-to-host txt:/path/to/map.entity-to-host	實體－服務器映射
	RewriteRule ^/u/([^/]+)/?(.*) http://${user-to-host:$1|server0}/u/$1/$2	用戶均衡
	RewriteRule ^/g/([^/]+)/?(.*) http://${group-to-host:$1|server0}/g/$1/$2	組均衡
	RewriteRule ^/e/([^/]+)/?(.*) http://${entity-to-host:$1|server0}/e/$1/$2	實體均衡
	RewriteRule ^/([uge])/([^/]+)/?$ /$1/$2/.www/
	RewriteRule ^/([uge])/([^/]+)/([^.]+.+) /$1/$2/.www/$3\
URL根目錄搬遷	RewriteEngine on
	RewriteRule ^/~(.+) http://newserver/~$1 [R,L]	到其它服務器
所用戶名首字母分	RewriteEngine on
	RewriteRule ^/~(([a-z])[a-z0-9]+)(.*) /home/$2/$1/.www$3	內一層括號爲$2
NCSA imagemap移	RewriteEngine on
植爲mod_imap	RewriteRule ^/cgi-bin/imagemap(.*) $1 [PT]
多目錄查找資源	RewriteEngine on
	# first try to find it in custom/…
	RewriteCond /your/docroot/dir1/%{REQUEST_FILENAME} -f
	RewriteRule ^(.+) /your/docroot/dir1/$1 [L]
	# second try to find it in pub/…
	RewriteCond /your/docroot/dir2/%{REQUEST_FILENAME} -f
	RewriteRule ^(.+) /your/docroot/dir2/$1 [L]
	# else go on for other Alias or Alias directives,
	RewriteRule ^(.+) – [PT]
據URL設置環境變量	RewriteEngine on
	RewriteRule ^(.*)/S=([^/]+)/(.*) $1/$3 [E=STATUS:$2]
虛擬主機	RewriteEngine on
	RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} ^www\.[^.]+\.host\.com$	基於用戶名
	RewriteRule ^(.+) %{HTTP_HOST}$1 [C]
	RewriteRule ^www\.([^.]+)\.host\.com(.*) /home/$1$2
內外人有別	RewriteEngine on
	RewriteCond %{REMOTE_HOST} !^.+\.ourdomain\.com$	基於遠程主機
	RewriteRule ^(/~.+) http://www.somewhere.com/$1 [R,L]
錯誤重定向	RewriteEngine on
	RewriteCond /your/docroot/%{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f	不是regular文件
	RewriteRule ^(.+) http://webserverB.dom/$1
程序處理特殊協議	RewriteRule ^xredirect:(.+) /path/to/nph-xredirect.cgi/$1 \	Xredirect協議
	[T=application/x-httpd-cgi,L]
最近鏡像下載	RewriteEngine on
	RewriteMap multiplex txt:/path/to/map.cxan	頂級域名與最近ftp服務器映射
	RewriteRule ^/CxAN/(.*) %{REMOTE_HOST}::$1 [C]
	RewriteRule ^.+\.([a-zA-Z]+)::(.*)$ ${multiplex:$1|ftp.default.dom}$2 [R,L]	據頂級域名不一樣提供不一樣的FTP服務器
基於時間重寫	RewriteEngine on
	RewriteCond %{TIME_HOUR}%{TIME_MIN} >0700
	RewriteCond %{TIME_HOUR}%{TIME_MIN} <1900
	RewriteRule ^foo\.html$ foo.day.html	白天爲遲早7點間
	RewriteRule ^foo\.html$ foo.night.html	其他爲夜間
向前兼容擴展名	RewriteEngine on
	RewriteBase /~quux/
	# parse out basename, but remember the fact
	RewriteRule ^(.*)\.html$ $1 [C,E=WasHTML:yes]
	# rewrite to phtml if exists
	RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME}.phtml -f	若是存在$1.phtml則重寫
	RewriteRule ^(.*)$ $1.phtml [S=1]
	# else reverse the previous basename cutout
	RewriteCond %{ENV:WasHTML} ^yes$	若是不存在$1.phtml，則保持不變
	RewriteRule ^(.*)$ $1.html
文件更名（目錄級）	RewriteEngine on	內部重寫
	RewriteBase /~quux/
	RewriteRule ^foo\.html$ bar.html
	RewriteEngine on	重定向由客戶端再次提交
	RewriteBase /~quux/
	RewriteRule ^foo\.html$ bar.html [R]
據瀏覽器類型重寫	RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^Mozilla/3.*
	RewriteRule ^foo\.html$ foo.NS.html [L]
	RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^Lynx/.* [OR]
	RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^Mozilla/[12].*
	RewriteRule ^foo\.html$ foo.20.html [L]
	RewriteRule ^foo\.html$ foo.32.html [L]
動態鏡像遠程資源	RewriteEngine on
	RewriteBase /~quux/
	RewriteRule ^hotsheet/(.*)$ http://www.tstimpreso.com/hotsheet/$1 [P]	利用了代理模塊
	RewriteEngine on
	RewriteBase /~quux/
	RewriteRule ^usa-news\.html$ http://www.quux-corp.com/news/index.html [P]
反向動態鏡像	RewriteEngine on
	RewriteCond /mirror/of/remotesite/$1 -U
	RewriteRule ^http://www\.remotesite\.com/(.*)$ /mirror/of/remotesite/$1
負載均衡	RewriteEngine on	利用代理實現round-robin效果
	RewriteMap lb prg:/path/to/lb.pl
	RewriteRule ^/(.+)$ ${lb:$1} [P,L]
	#!/path/to/perl
	$| = 1;
	$name = 「www」; # the hostname base
	$first = 1; # the first server (not 0 here, because 0 is myself)
	$last = 5; # the last server in the round-robin
	$domain = 「foo.dom」; # the domainname
	$cnt = 0;
	while (<STDIN>) {
	$cnt = (($cnt+1) % ($last+1-$first));
	$server = sprintf(「%s%d.%s」, $name, $cnt+$first, $domain);
	print 「http://$server/$_」;
	}
	##EOF##
靜態頁面變腳本	RewriteEngine on
	RewriteBase /~quux/
	RewriteRule ^foo\.html$ foo.cgi [T=application/x-httpd-cgi]
阻擊機器人	RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^NameOfBadRobot.*
	RewriteCond %{REMOTE_ADDR} ^123\.45\.67\.[8-9]$
	RewriteRule ^/~quux/foo/arc/.+ – [F]
阻止盜連你的圖片	RewriteCond %{HTTP_REFERER} !^$
	RewriteCond %{HTTP_REFERER} !^http://www.quux-corp.de/~quux/.*$ [NC]	本身的鏈接可不能被阻止
	RewriteRule .*\.gif$ – [F]
	RewriteCond %{HTTP_REFERER} !^$
	RewriteCond %{HTTP_REFERER} !.*/foo-with-gif\.html$
	RewriteRule ^inlined-in-foo\.gif$ – [F]
拒絕某些主機訪問	RewriteEngine on
	RewriteMap hosts-deny txt:/path/to/hosts.deny
	RewriteCond ${hosts-deny:%{REMOTE_HOST}|NOT-FOUND} !=NOT-FOUND [OR]
	RewriteCond ${hosts-deny:%{REMOTE_ADDR}|NOT-FOUND} !=NOT-FOUND
	RewriteRule ^/.* – [F]
用戶受權	RewriteCond %{REMOTE_IDENT}@%{REMOTE_HOST} !^friend1@client1.quux-corp\.com$
	RewriteCond %{REMOTE_IDENT}@%{REMOTE_HOST} !^friend2@client2.quux-corp\.com$
	RewriteCond %{REMOTE_IDENT}@%{REMOTE_HOST} !^friend3@client3.quux-corp\.com$
	RewriteRule ^/~quux/only-for-friends/ – [F]
外部重寫程序模板	RewriteEngine on
	RewriteMap quux-map prg:/path/to/map.quux.pl
	RewriteRule ^/~quux/(.*)$ /~quux/${quux-map:$1}
	#!/path/to/perl
	$| = 1;
	while (<>) {
	s|^foo/|bar/|;
	print $_;
	}
搜索引擎友好	RewriteRule ^/products$ /content.php
	RewriteRule ^/products/([0-9]+)$ /content.php?id=$1
	RewriteRule ^/products/([0-9]+),([ad]*),([0-9]{0,3}),([0-9]*),([0-9]*$) /marso/content.php?id=$1&sort=$2&order=$3&start=$4