以太坊客戶端geth的基本操做命令

以太坊客戶端geth的基本操做命令
搭建了私有鏈環境以後，整理了一下客戶端的一些基本的操做命令：

啓動命令
重複上篇博客步驟，先將區塊鏈客戶端啓動，命令以下：

geth –datadir 「%cd%\chain」 console
看到啓動頁面以後，新開啓一個終端，並執行一下命令，並把日誌輸出到文本文件當中：

geth --dev console 2>> file_to_log_output
在這裏能夠繼續執行具體的操做命令。

查看帳戶
eth.accounts
建立用戶：
personal.newAccount("111111")
其中參數爲此帳戶的密碼。 
也能夠先建立帳戶，而後輸入密碼：

personal.newAccount()
查看區塊數據
eth.blockNumber
啓動挖礦
miner.start()
返回結果爲true則啓動成功，具體執行狀況可查看日誌。

中止挖礦
miner.stop()
當在執行挖礦時日誌會不停刷屏，不用管，只要命令輸入全，執行便可中止挖礦。

查看帳戶餘額
其中參數爲區塊鏈地址

eth.getBalance("0x7d1f7be4112ce63b9de04a0bf95c1e87e430bd1b")
轉帳
從帳戶0x7d1f7be4112ce63b9de04a0bf95c1e87e430bd1b轉帳3個以太幣到0x587e57a516730381958f86703b1f8e970ff445d9。

eth.sendTransaction({from:"0x7d1f7be4112ce63b9de04a0bf95c1e87e430bd1b",to:"0x587e57a516730381958f86703b1f8e970ff445d9",value:web3.toWei(3,"ether")})
當直接執行此方法時會拋出異常：

account is locked
at web3.js:3119:20
at web3.js:6023:15
at web3.js:4995:36
at <anonymous>:1:1
很明顯，帳戶被鎖。

解鎖轉出帳戶
其中第一個參數爲轉出帳戶，第二個參數爲密碼。也能夠直填寫第一個參數，而後經過命令行提示再輸入密碼。

personal.unlockAccount("0x7d1f7be4112ce63b9de04a0bf95c1e87e430bd1b","111111")
解鎖完成以後，便可執行轉帳操做。但此時查看時會發現接收帳戶依舊爲原來數值。此時須要執行挖礦命令，纔會把轉帳真正完成。

查看geth幫助文檔：github上的wiki文檔

geth -help$ geth helpNAME: geth - the go-ethereum command line interface Copyright 2013-2017 The go-ethereum AuthorsUSAGE: geth [options] command [command options] [arguments...]VERSION: 1.7.3-stableCOMMANDS: account Manage accounts attach Start an interactive JavaScript environment (connect to node) bug opens a window to report a bug on the geth repo console Start an interactive JavaScript environment copydb Create a local chain from a target chaindata folder dump Dump a specific block from storage dumpconfig Show configuration values export Export blockchain into file import Import a blockchain file init Bootstrap and initialize a new genesis block js Execute the specified JavaScript files license Display license information makecache Generate ethash verification cache (for testing) makedag Generate ethash mining DAG (for testing) monitor Monitor and visualize node metrics removedb Remove blockchain and state databases version Print version numbers wallet Manage Ethereum presale wallets help, h Shows a list of commands or help for one commandETHEREUM OPTIONS: --config value TOML configuration file --datadir "/home/karalabe/.ethereum" Data directory for the databases and keystore --keystore Directory for the keystore (default = inside the datadir) --nousb Disables monitoring for and managing USB hardware wallets --networkid value Network identifier (integer, 1=Frontier, 2=Morden (disused), 3=Ropsten, 4=Rinkeby) (default: 1) --testnet Ropsten network: pre-configured proof-of-work test network --rinkeby Rinkeby network: pre-configured proof-of-authority test network --syncmode "fast" Blockchain sync mode ("fast", "full", or "light") --ethstats value Reporting URL of a ethstats service (nodename:secret@host:port) --identity value Custom node name --lightserv value Maximum percentage of time allowed for serving LES requests (0-90) (default: 0) --lightpeers value Maximum number of LES client peers (default: 20) --lightkdf Reduce key-derivation RAM & CPU usage at some expense of KDF strengthDEVELOPER CHAIN OPTIONS: --dev Ephemeral proof-of-authority network with a pre-funded developer account, mining enabled --dev.period value Block period to use in developer mode (0 = mine only if transaction pending) (default: 0)ETHASH OPTIONS: --ethash.cachedir Directory to store the ethash verification caches (default = inside the datadir) --ethash.cachesinmem value Number of recent ethash caches to keep in memory (16MB each) (default: 2) --ethash.cachesondisk value Number of recent ethash caches to keep on disk (16MB each) (default: 3) --ethash.dagdir "/home/karalabe/.ethash" Directory to store the ethash mining DAGs (default = inside home folder) --ethash.dagsinmem value Number of recent ethash mining DAGs to keep in memory (1+GB each) (default: 1) --ethash.dagsondisk value Number of recent ethash mining DAGs to keep on disk (1+GB each) (default: 2)TRANSACTION POOL OPTIONS: --txpool.nolocals Disables price exemptions for locally submitted transactions --txpool.journal value Disk journal for local transaction to survive node restarts (default: "transactions.rlp") --txpool.rejournal value Time interval to regenerate the local transaction journal (default: 1h0m0s) --txpool.pricelimit value Minimum gas price limit to enforce for acceptance into the pool (default: 1) --txpool.pricebump value Price bump percentage to replace an already existing transaction (default: 10) --txpool.accountslots value Minimum number of executable transaction slots guaranteed per account (default: 16) --txpool.globalslots value Maximum number of executable transaction slots for all accounts (default: 4096) --txpool.accountqueue value Maximum number of non-executable transaction slots permitted per account (default: 64) --txpool.globalqueue value Maximum number of non-executable transaction slots for all accounts (default: 1024) --txpool.lifetime value Maximum amount of time non-executable transaction are queued (default: 3h0m0s)PERFORMANCE TUNING OPTIONS: --cache value Megabytes of memory allocated to internal caching (min 16MB / database forced) (default: 128) --trie-cache-gens value Number of trie node generations to keep in memory (default: 120)ACCOUNT OPTIONS: --unlock value Comma separated list of accounts to unlock --password value Password file to use for non-interactive password inputAPI AND CONSOLE OPTIONS: --rpc Enable the HTTP-RPC server --rpcaddr value HTTP-RPC server listening interface (default: "localhost") --rpcport value HTTP-RPC server listening port (default: 8545) --rpcapi value API's offered over the HTTP-RPC interface --ws Enable the WS-RPC server --wsaddr value WS-RPC server listening interface (default: "localhost") --wsport value WS-RPC server listening port (default: 8546) --wsapi value API's offered over the WS-RPC interface --wsorigins value Origins from which to accept websockets requests --ipcdisable Disable the IPC-RPC server --ipcpath Filename for IPC socket/pipe within the datadir (explicit paths escape it) --rpccorsdomain value Comma separated list of domains from which to accept cross origin requests (browser enforced) --jspath loadScript JavaScript root path for loadScript (default: ".") --exec value Execute JavaScript statement --preload value Comma separated list of JavaScript files to preload into the consoleNETWORKING OPTIONS: --bootnodes value Comma separated enode URLs for P2P discovery bootstrap (set v4+v5 instead for light servers) --bootnodesv4 value Comma separated enode URLs for P2P v4 discovery bootstrap (light server, full nodes) --bootnodesv5 value Comma separated enode URLs for P2P v5 discovery bootstrap (light server, light nodes) --port value Network listening port (default: 30303) --maxpeers value Maximum number of network peers (network disabled if set to 0) (default: 25) --maxpendpeers value Maximum number of pending connection attempts (defaults used if set to 0) (default: 0) --nat value NAT port mapping mechanism (any|none|upnp|pmp|extip:<IP>) (default: "any") --nodiscover Disables the peer discovery mechanism (manual peer addition) --v5disc Enables the experimental RLPx V5 (Topic Discovery) mechanism --netrestrict value Restricts network communication to the given IP networks (CIDR masks) --nodekey value P2P node key file --nodekeyhex value P2P node key as hex (for testing)MINER OPTIONS: --mine Enable mining --minerthreads value Number of CPU threads to use for mining (default: 8) --etherbase value Public address for block mining rewards (default = first account created) (default: "0") --targetgaslimit value Target gas limit sets the artificial target gas floor for the blocks to mine (default: 4712388) --gasprice "18000000000" Minimal gas price to accept for mining a transactions --extradata value Block extra data set by the miner (default = client version) GAS PRICE ORACLE OPTIONS: --gpoblocks value Number of recent blocks to check for gas prices (default: 10) --gpopercentile value Suggested gas price is the given percentile of a set of recent transaction gas prices (default: 50) VIRTUAL MACHINE OPTIONS: --vmdebug Record information useful for VM and contract debuggingLOGGING AND DEBUGGING OPTIONS: --metrics Enable metrics collection and reporting --fakepow Disables proof-of-work verification --nocompaction Disables db compaction after import --verbosity value Logging verbosity: 0=silent, 1=error, 2=warn, 3=info, 4=debug, 5=detail (default: 3) --vmodule value Per-module verbosity: comma-separated list of <pattern>=<level> (e.g. eth/*=5,p2p=4) --backtrace value Request a stack trace at a specific logging statement (e.g. "block.go:271") --debug Prepends log messages with call-site location (file and line number) --pprof Enable the pprof HTTP server --pprofaddr value pprof HTTP server listening interface (default: "127.0.0.1") --pprofport value pprof HTTP server listening port (default: 6060) --memprofilerate value Turn on memory profiling with the given rate (default: 524288) --blockprofilerate value Turn on block profiling with the given rate (default: 0) --cpuprofile value Write CPU profile to the given file --trace value Write execution trace to the given fileWHISPER (EXPERIMENTAL) OPTIONS: --shh Enable Whisper --shh.maxmessagesize value Max message size accepted (default: 1048576) --shh.pow value Minimum POW accepted (default: 0.2)DEPRECATED OPTIONS: --fast Enable fast syncing through state downloads --light Enable light client modeMISC OPTIONS: --help, -h show helpCOPYRIGHT: Copyright 2013-2017 The go-ethereum Authors