Nginx之https配置 - 運維筆記 (http->https強轉)

時間 2019-11-06

標籤 nginx https 配置筆記 http 欄目 Nginx 简体版

原文原文鏈接

1、Nginx安裝（略）
安裝的時候須要注意加上 --with-http_ssl_module，由於http_ssl_module不屬於Nginx的基本模塊。
Nginx安裝方法：php

# ./configure --user=www --group=www --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module
# make && make install

2、生成證書(略)
可使用openssl生成證書：
可參考：http://www.cnblogs.com/kevingrace/p/5865501.html
好比生成以下兩個證書文件（假設存放路徑爲/usr/local/nginx/cert/）：
wangshibo.crt
wangshibo.keyhtml

3、修改Nginx配置nginx

server {
          listen 443;
          server_name www.wangshibo.com;
          root /var/www/vhosts/www.wangshibo.com/httpdocs/main/;

          ssl on;
          ssl_certificate /usr/local/nginx/cert/wangshibo.crt;
          ssl_certificate_key /usr/local/nginx/cert/wangshibo.key;
          ssl_session_timeout 5m;
          ssl_protocols SSLv2 SSLv3 TLSv1;
          ssl_ciphers HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;               //或者是ssl_ciphers ALL:!ADH:!EXPORT56:RC4+RSA:+HIGH:+MEDIUM:+LOW:+SSLv2:+EXP;
          ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;

          access_log /var/www/vhosts/www.wangshibo.com/logs/clickstream_ssl.log main;
          error_log /var/www/vhosts/www.wangshibo.com/logs/clickstream_error_ssl.log;

         if ($remote_addr !~ ^(124.165.97.144|133.110.186.128|133.110.186.88)) {           //對訪問的來源ip作白名單限制
                rewrite ^.*$ /maintence.php last;
         }
         location ~ \.php$ {
              fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
              fastcgi_read_timeout 300;
              fastcgi_index index.php;
              fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
             #include fastcgi_params;
             include fastcgi.conf;
         }
}

http訪問強制跳轉到https
網站添加了https證書後，當http方式訪問網站時就會報404錯誤，因此須要作http到https的強制跳轉設置.tomcat

1、採用nginx的rewrite方法bash

1) 下面是將全部的http請求經過rewrite重寫到https上。
    例如將全部的dev.wangshibo.com域名的http訪問強制跳轉到https。
    下面配置都可以實現：

配置1：
server {
    listen 80;
    server_name dev.wangshibo.com;
    index index.html index.php index.htm;
  
    access_log  /usr/local/nginx/logs/8080-access.log main;
    error_log  /usr/local/nginx/logs/8080-error.log;
    
    rewrite ^(.*)$  https://$host$1 permanent;        //這是ngixn早前的寫法，如今還可使用。
 
    location ~ / {
    root /var/www/html/8080;
    index index.html index.php index.htm;
    }
    }

================================================================
上面的跳轉配置rewrite ^(.*)$  https://$host$1 permanent; 
也能夠改成下面
rewrite ^/(.*)$ http://dev.wangshibo.com/$1 permanent;
或者
rewrite ^ http://dev.wangshibo.com$request_uri? permanent;
================================================================

配置2：
server {
    listen 80;
    server_name dev.wangshibo.com;
    index index.html index.php index.htm;
  
    access_log  /usr/local/nginx/logs/8080-access.log main;
    error_log  /usr/local/nginx/logs/8080-error.log;

    return      301 https://$server_name$request_uri;      //這是nginx最新支持的寫法
 
    location ~ / {
    root /var/www/html/8080;
    index index.html index.php index.htm;
    }
    }

配置3：這種方式適用於多域名的時候，即訪問wangshibo.com的http也會強制跳轉到https://dev.wangshibo.com上面
server {
    listen 80;
    server_name dev.wangshibo.com wangshibo.com *.wangshibo.com;
    index index.html index.php index.htm;
  
    access_log  /usr/local/nginx/logs/8080-access.log main;
    error_log  /usr/local/nginx/logs/8080-error.log;
    
    if ($host ~* "^wangshibo.com$") {
    rewrite ^/(.*)$ https://dev.wangshibo.com/ permanent;
    }
 
    location ~ / {
    root /var/www/html/8080;
    index index.html index.php index.htm;
    }
    }

配置4：下面是最簡單的一種配置
server {
    listen 80;
    server_name dev.wangshibo.com;
    index index.html index.php index.htm;
  
    access_log  /usr/local/nginx/logs/8080-access.log main;
    error_log  /usr/local/nginx/logs/8080-error.log;
    
    if ($host = "dev.wangshibo.com") {
       rewrite ^/(.*)$ http://dev.wangshibo.com permanent;
    }

    location ~ / {
    root /var/www/html/8080;
    index index.html index.php index.htm;
    }
    }

2、採用nginx的497狀態碼 (非標準443端口的https狀況下使用的強轉配置方式)服務器

497 - normal request was sent to HTTPS  
解釋：當網站只容許https訪問時，當用http訪問時nginx會報出497錯誤碼
 
思路：
利用error_page命令將497狀態碼的連接重定向到https://dev.wangshibo.com這個域名上

配置實例：
以下訪問dev.wangshibo.com或者wangshibo.com的http都會被強制跳轉到https
server {
    listen 80;
    server_name dev.wangshibo.com wangshibo.com *.wangshibo.com;
    index index.html index.php index.htm;
  
    access_log  /usr/local/nginx/logs/8080-access.log main;
    error_log  /usr/local/nginx/logs/8080-error.log;
    
    error_page 497  https://$host$uri?$args;  
 
    location ~ / {
    root /var/www/html/8080;
    index index.html index.php index.htm;
    }
    }


也能夠將80和443的配置放在一塊兒：
server {  
    listen       127.0.0.1:443;  #ssl端口  
    listen       127.0.0.1:80;   #用戶習慣用http訪問，加上80，後面經過497狀態碼讓它自動跳到443端口  
    server_name  dev.wangshibo.com;  
    #爲一個server{......}開啓ssl支持  
    ssl                  on;  
    #指定PEM格式的證書文件   
    ssl_certificate      /etc/nginx/wangshibo.pem;   
    #指定PEM格式的私鑰文件  
    ssl_certificate_key  /etc/nginx/wangshibo.key;  
      
    #讓http請求重定向到https請求   
    error_page 497  https://$host$uri?$args;  

    location ~ / {
    root /var/www/html/8080;
    index index.html index.php index.htm;
    }
    }

若是遇到非標準443端口的https狀況下，則http到https的強轉配置就須要使用上面這種497狀態碼的方式了。以下:session

server {
    listen 9443 ssl;
    server_name www.kevin.com;
    error_page 497 https://$server_name:9443$request_uri;
    
    ssl_certificate /etc/nginx/cert/kevin.crt;
    ssl_certificate_key /etc/nginx/cert/kevin.key;
.........

這樣訪問http://www.kevin.com:9443 就會自動跳轉到https://www.kevin.com:9443。
這種方式直接配置https端口就能夠，不須要再配置http端口。

3、利用meta的刷新做用將http跳轉到https網站

上述的方法均會耗費服務器的資源，能夠借鑑百度使用的方法：巧妙的利用meta的刷新做用，將http跳轉到https
能夠基於http://dev.wangshibo.com的虛擬主機路徑下寫一個index.html，內容就是http向https的跳轉

將下面的內容追加到index.html首頁文件內
[root@localhost ~]# cat /var/www/html/8080/index.html 
<html>  
<meta http-equiv="refresh" content="0;url=https://dev.wangshibo.com/">  
</html>

[root@localhost ~]# cat /usr/local/nginx/conf/vhosts/test.conf
server {
    listen 80;
    server_name dev.wangshibo.com wangshibo.com *.wangshibo.com;
    index index.html index.php index.htm;
  
    access_log  /usr/local/nginx/logs/8080-access.log main;
    error_log  /usr/local/nginx/logs/8080-error.log;
    
    #將404的頁面重定向到https的首頁  
    error_page  404 https://dev.wangshibo.com/;   
 
    location ~ / {
    root /var/www/html/8080;          
    index index.html index.php index.htm;
    }
    }

這裏分享一個nginx反代tomcat，而且http強制跳轉至https的配置示例（這裏訪問http://zrx.wangshibo.com和訪問http://172.29.34.33:8080/zrx/結果是同樣的）ui

[root@BJLX_34_33_V vhosts]# cat zrx.conf 
server {
    listen 80;
    server_name zrx.wangshibo.com;
    index index.html index.php index.htm;
   
    access_log  logs/access.log;
    error_log   logs/error.log;
 
    return      301 https://$server_name$request_uri;      
    
    location ~ / {
    root /data/nginx/html;
    index index.html index.php index.htm;
    }
    }


[root@BJLX_34_33_V vhosts]# cat ssl-zrx.conf 
upstream tomcat8 {
    server 172.29.34.33:8080 max_fails=3 fail_timeout=30s;
}

server {
   listen 443;
   server_name zrx.wangshibo.com;
   ssl on;

   ### SSL log files ### 
   access_log logs/ssl-access.log; 
   error_log logs/ssl-error.log; 

### SSL cert files ### 
   ssl_certificate ssl/wangshibo.cer;      
   ssl_certificate_key ssl/wangshibo.key;   
   ssl_session_timeout 5m;

   location / {
   proxy_pass http://tomcat8/zrx/;                                      
   proxy_next_upstream error timeout invalid_header http_500 http_502 http_503; 
   proxy_set_header Host $host; 
   proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr; 
   proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for; 
   proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto https; 
   proxy_redirect off; 
}
}

4、經過proxy_redirec方式url

解決辦法：
# re-write redirects to http as to https, example: /home
proxy_redirect http:// https://;

1. [轉] nginx配置HTTPS
2. Nginx 強制 HTTPS 配置
3. Nginx配置http強制跳轉到https
4. Nginx 配置https強制跳轉
5. Nginx配置HTTPS
6. nginx 配置 HTTPS 及http 強制跳轉https.
7. nginx配置HTTPS
8. Nginx Https配置
9. Nginx配置https
10. nginx配置https
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