PV(page view,頁面瀏覽量)即點擊量,一般是衡量一個網站受歡迎程度的主要指標。前端
本案例採用四層模式實現,主要分爲前端反向代理層、web層、數據庫緩存層和數據庫層。前端反向代理層採用主備模式,web層採用集羣模式,數據庫緩存層採用主備模式,數據庫層採用主從模式。每一層都作到了高可用架構,大大提升了業務的穩定性。java
案例架構圖以下:實線表示是正常狀況下數據流向,虛線表示的是非正常狀況下的數據流向。node
案例環境以下表:mysql
主機角色 | ip地址 | 用途 |
---|---|---|
master | 192.168.174.139 | 前端nginx反向代理主機、redis緩存主機、mysql數據主庫 |
backup | 192.168.174.141 | 前端nginx反向代理備機、redis緩存備機、mysql數據備庫 |
tomcat-node1 | 192.168.174.142 | tomcat服務器 |
tomcat-node2 | 192.168.174.165 | tomcat服務器 |
rpm -ivh http://nginx.org/packages/centos/7/noarch/RPMS/\ nginx-release-centos-7-0.el7.ngx.noarch.rpm
yum install -y keepalived nginx
vi /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf ! Configuration File for keepalived global_defs { route_id NGINX_HA //主服務器id爲NGINX_HA,從是NGINX_HB } vrrp_script nginx { script "/opt/shell/nginx.sh" //編寫腳本,待會建立 interval 2 } vrrp_instance VI_1 { state MASTER interface eth0 virtual_router_id 51 priority 100 //master優先級要高於backup advert_int 1 authentication { auth_type PASS auth_pass 1111 } track_script { nginx //觸發腳本 } virtual_ipaddress { 192.168.174.110 //虛擬ip地址 } }
(4)建立nginx.shell腳本目錄,並編寫腳本linux
mkdir /opt/shell vi /opt/shell/nginx.sh #!/bin/bash k=`ps -ef | grep keepalived | grep -v grep | wc -l` if [ $k -gt 0 ];then /bin/systemctl start nginx.service else /bin/systemctl stop nginx.service fi chmod +x /opt/shell/nginx.sh
從服務器keepalived配置操做跟主服務器操做同樣。nginx
(5)編輯nginx.conf配置文件,主從操做同樣web
upstream tomcat_pool { server 192.168.174.165:8080; //兩臺節點服務器地址 server 192.168.174.142:8080; ip_hash; } server { listen 80; server_name 192.168.174.110; //虛擬ip地址 location / { proxy_pass http://tomcat_pool; proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr; } }
(6)檢查語法並開啓服務redis
nginx -t -c /etc/nginx/nginx.conf //測試配置文件語法 systemctl start keepalived.service //nginx啓動會等待一會
(7)測試keepalived的功能是否正常
主服務器:ip addr
關閉keepalived服務再次查看主服務器,此時虛擬ip地址已經不存在了
切換到從服務器上查看,此時虛擬ip自動漂移到從服務器。
開啓主服務器上的keepalived服務,此時虛擬ip再次漂移到主服務器。sql
兩臺節點服務器安裝過程同樣。shell
(1)解壓縮Apache跟jdk,
tar xf apache-tomcat-8.5.23.tar.gz tar xf jdk-8u144-linux-x64.tar.gz cp -rv jdk1.8.0_144/ /usr/local/java
(2)配置jdk環境變量
vi /etc/profile export JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/java export JRE_HOME=/usr/local/java/jre export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/java/bin export CLASSPATH=./:/usr/local/java/lib:/usr/local/java/jre/lib source /etc/profile //讓環境變量及時生效 java -version //查看java版本
(3)建立tomcat開啓跟關閉的連接,並開啓服務
cp -r apache-tomcat-8.5.23 /usr/local/tomcat8 ln -s /usr/local/tomcat8/bin/startup.sh /usr/bin/tomcatup ln -s /usr/local/tomcat8/bin/shutdown.sh /usr/bin/tomcatdown tomcatup netstat -anpt | grep 8080
(4)測試默認測試頁是否正常顯示
http://192.168.174.165:8080/ http://192.168.174.142:8080/ vi /usr/local/tomcat8/webapps/ROOT/index.jsp //修改默認網頁內容 <h1>this is server 142!!</h1>
輸入調度器地址,也就是虛擬地址http://192.168.174.110/ ,測試兩臺節點的調度狀況
當down掉165這臺主機後,查看頁面顯示的信息,此時顯示的是另一臺tomcat服務器的首頁
cd /usr/local/tomcat8/conf/ vi server.xml //跳到行尾,在Host name下新增 148 <Context path="" docBase="SLSaleSystem" reloadable="true" debug="0"></Context> 日誌調試信息debug爲0表示信息越少,docBase指定訪問目錄
(1)yum安裝maridb數據庫
yum install -y mariadb-server mariadb systemctl start mariadb.service //開啓服務 systemctl enable mariadb.service netstat -anpt | grep 3306 //查看服務是否開啓成功
mysql_secure_installation //常規安全設置
Enter current password for root (enter for none): #敲回車 OK, successfully used password, moving on... Set root password? [Y/n] y New password: Re-enter new password: Password updated successfully! Reloading privilege tables.. ... Success! Remove anonymous users? [Y/n] n ... skipping. Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n] n ... skipping. Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n] n ... skipping. Reload privilege tables now? [Y/n] y ... Success!
(2)測試mariadb是否可用
mysql -uroot -p //進入數據庫
(3)導入商城數據
mysql -u root -p < slsaledb-2014-4-10.sql mysql -uroot -p show databases; GRANT all ON slsaledb.* TO 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'abc123'; //給root用戶受權 flush privileges; //刷新
(5)在兩臺tomcat服務器上搭建網站
tar xf SLSaleSystem.tar.gz -C /usr/local/tomcat8/webapps/ //解壓商城 cd /usr/local/tomcat8/webapps/SLSaleSystem/WEB-INF/classes vi jdbc.properties //修改數據庫IP地址是VRRP的虛擬IP,以及受權的用戶名root和密碼abc123。 driverClassName=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver url=jdbc\:mysql\://192.168.174.110\:3306/slsaledb?useUnicode\=true&characterEncoding\=UTF-8 uname=root password=abc123 minIdle=10 maxIdle=50 initialSize=5 maxActive=100 maxWait=100 removeAbandonedTimeout=180 removeAbandoned=true
(6)網站測試
http://192.168.1754.142:8080/ //默認的用戶名admin 密碼:123456 http://192.168.174.165:8080/ http://192.168.174.110 //輸入虛擬地址測試登陸,而且關閉主再測試登陸
(1)安裝epel源
yum install -y epel-release
(2)安裝Redis
yum install redis -y
(3)更改redis.conf配置文件
vim /etc/redis.conf bind 0.0.0.0
從服務器上多以下一行配置
slaveof 192.168.174.139 6379 //主服務器的IP不是虛擬IP
開啓服務,檢查端口是否開啓
systemctl start redis.service netstat -anpt | grep 6379
(4)進入主服務器數據庫,建立數據
redis-cli -h 192.168.174.139 -p 6379 192.168.174.139:6379> set username zhangsan OK 192.168.174.139:6379> get username "zhangsan"
(5)進入從服務器,測試是否同步
redis-cli -h 192.168.174.141 -p 6379 192.168.174.141:6379> get username "zhangsan" //獲取到主服務器建立的數據,說明主從同步成功
(6)在兩臺tomcat服務器上配置網站連接redis的參數
cd /usr/local/tomcat8/webapps/SLSaleSystem/WEB-INF/classes/ vim applicationContext-mybatis.xml <constructor-arg value="192.168.174.110"/> #47行 <constructor-arg value="6379"/> #48行
(7)打開網站頁面,點擊須要進行數據庫調用的操做,並測試緩存是否開啓
192.168.174.110:6379> info //查看緩存是否開啓成功 # Stats ... keyspace_hits:2 //當命中爲2時說明緩存開啓成功 keyspace_misses:20 //未命中 ...
(8)主服務器配置redis主從切換
vi /etc/redis-sentinel.conf sentinel monitor mymaster 192.168.174.139 6379 1 #1表示1臺從(這邊的ip地址是主服務器的ip地址) sentinel down-after-milliseconds mymaster 3000 #故障切換時間單位是毫秒
(9)啓動集羣服務,並查看集羣信息
service redis-sentinel start netstat -anpt | grep 26379 redis-cli -h 192.168.174.139 -p 26379 192.168.174.139:26379> info #查看集羣信息 # Sentinel sentinel_masters:1 sentinel_tilt:0 sentinel_running_scripts:0 sentinel_scripts_queue_length:0 sentinel_simulate_failure_flags:0 master0:name=mymaster,status=ok,address=192.168.174.139:6379,slaves=1,sentinels=1 //此時redis主服務器爲139這臺主機
(10)關閉主服務器redis服務,查看集羣信息中的redis主服務器ip是否發生變化
systemctl stop redis.service #關閉主服務器的redis服務 redis-cli -h 192.168.174.139 -p 26379 192.168.174.139:26379> info # Sentinel sentinel_masters:1 sentinel_tilt:0 sentinel_running_scripts:0 sentinel_scripts_queue_length:0 sentinel_simulate_failure_flags:0 master0:name=mymaster,status=ok,address=192.168.174.141:6379,slaves=1,sentinels=1 //此時發現Redis主服務器ip地址切換爲從redis服務器地址,說明主從redis配置成功
一、主服務器上的配置
(1)編輯my.cnf配置文件
vi /etc/my.cnf [mysqld] binlog-ignore-db=mysql,information_schema character_set_server=utf8 log_bin=mysql_bin server_id=1 log_slave_updates=true sync_binlog=1
(2)開啓mysql服務,並查看端口狀態
systemctl restart mariadb netstat -anpt | grep 3306 tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:3306 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 13998/mysqld
(3)進入數據庫,查看master狀態,
mysql -u root MariaDB [(none)]>show master status; //記錄日誌文件名稱和 位置值 +------------------+----------+--------------+--------------------------+ | File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | +------------------+----------+--------------+--------------------------+ | mysql_bin.000001 | 473 | | mysql,information_schema | +------------------+----------+--------------+--------------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) grant replication slave on *.* to 'rep'@'192.168.174.%' identified by '123456'; flush privileges;
三、從服務器配置
(1)編輯my.cnf配置文件
[mysqld] binlog-ignore-db=mysql,information_schema character_set_server=utf8 log_bin=mysql_bin server_id=2 //server_id改成2,表示爲是第一臺從服務器,爲1,表示爲是mysql主服務器 log_slave_updates=true sync_binlog=1
(2)開啓mysql服務,查看端口狀態
systemctl restart mariadb netstat -anpt | grep 3306
(3)進入數據庫
change master to master_host='192.168.174.139',master_user='rep',master_password='123456',master_log_file='mysql_bin.000001',master_log_pos=473;
start slave; show slave status\G; //查看slave狀態 Slave_IO_Running: Yes //當都爲yes時表示開啓成功 Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
(4)測試主從同步
在主服務器上建立checkMysql
MariaDB [(none)]> create database checkMysql; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec) MariaDB [(none)]> show databases; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | checkMysql | | mysql | | performance_schema | | slsaledb | | test | +--------------------+ 6 rows in set (0.00 sec)
查看mysql從服務器數據庫,此時存在checkMysql,說明mysql主從建立成功。
MariaDB [(none)]> show databases; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | checkMysql | | mysql | | performance_schema | | slsaledb | | test | +--------------------+ 6 rows in set (0.00 sec)