Django restful Framework 之序列化與反序列化

時間 2019-11-12

標籤 django restful framework 序列欄目 Python 简体版

原文原文鏈接

1. 首先在已建好的工程目錄下新建app命名爲snippets,並將snippets app以及rest_framework app加到工程目錄的 INSTALLED_APPS 中去，具體以下：javascript

INSTALLED_APPS = (
    ...
    'rest_framework',
    'snippets.apps.SnippetsConfig',
)

1.1構建本身的數據庫表結構，代碼以下：php

from django.db import models
from pygments.lexers import get_all_lexers
from pygments.styles import get_all_styles

LEXERS = [item for item in get_all_lexers() if item[1]]
LANGUAGE_CHOICES = sorted([(item[1][0], item[0]) for item in LEXERS])
STYLE_CHOICES = sorted((item, item) for item in get_all_styles())


class Snippet(models.Model):
    created = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)
    title = models.CharField(max_length=100, blank=True, default='')
    code = models.TextField()
    linenos = models.BooleanField(default=False)
    language = models.CharField(choices=LANGUAGE_CHOICES, default='python', max_length=100)
    style = models.CharField(choices=STYLE_CHOICES, default='friendly', max_length=100)

    class Meta:
        ordering = ('created',)

生成表結構命令以下：css

python manage.py makemigrations snippets
python manage.py migrate

1.2建立序列化類html

爲咱們的web API提供一種針對創建models snippets 對象的序列化與反序列化的方式，並展現出來，好比json格式，咱們能夠定義序列化類，和Django 中的forms比較類似的功能，接下來在java

snippets目錄下建立serializers.py，具體以下：python

from rest_framework import serializers
from snippets.models import Snippet, LANGUAGE_CHOICES, STYLE_CHOICES


class SnippetSerializer(serializers.Serializer):
    id = serializers.IntegerField(read_only=True)
    title = serializers.CharField(required=False, allow_blank=True, max_length=100)
    code = serializers.CharField(style={'base_template': 'textarea.html'})
    linenos = serializers.BooleanField(required=False)
    language = serializers.ChoiceField(choices=LANGUAGE_CHOICES, default='python')
    style = serializers.ChoiceField(choices=STYLE_CHOICES, default='friendly')

    def create(self, validated_data):
        """
        Create and return a new `Snippet` instance, given the validated data.
        """
        return Snippet.objects.create(**validated_data)

    def update(self, instance, validated_data):
        """
        Update and return an existing `Snippet` instance, given the validated data.
        """
        instance.title = validated_data.get('title', instance.title)
        instance.code = validated_data.get('code', instance.code)
        instance.linenos = validated_data.get('linenos', instance.linenos)
        instance.language = validated_data.get('language', instance.language)
        instance.style = validated_data.get('style', instance.style)
        instance.save()
        return instance

A serializer class is very similar to a Django Form class, and includes similar validation flags on the various fields, such as required, max_length and default.mysql

The field flags can also control how the serializer should be displayed in certain circumstances, such as when rendering to HTML. The {'base_template': 'textarea.html'} flag above is equivalent to using widget=widgets.Textarea on a Django Formclass. This is particularly useful for controlling how the browsable API should be displayed, as we'll see later in the tutorial.nginx

We can actually also save ourselves some time by using the ModelSerializer class, as we'll see later, but for now we'll keep our serializer definition explicit.c++

接下來進入django的shell 環境，建立models實例，步驟以下：web

localhost:cmdb JasonWang$ python3 manage.py shell
Python 3.5.0 (v3.5.0:374f501f4567, Sep 12 2015, 11:00:19) 
[GCC 4.2.1 (Apple Inc. build 5666) (dot 3)] on darwin
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
(InteractiveConsole)
>>> from snippets.models import Snippet
>>> from snippets.serializers import SnippetSerializer
>>> from rest_framework.renderers import JSONRenderer
>>> from rest_framework.parsers import JSONParser
>>> snippet = Snippet(code='foo = "Jason"\n')
>>> snippet.save()
>>> snippet = Snippet(code='print "Hello,Jason"\n')
>>> snippet.save()
>>> print(snippet)
Snippet object
>>> print(snippet.__dict__)
{'style': 'friendly', 'code': 'print "Hello,Jason"\n', '_state': <django.db.models.base.ModelState object at 0x1047b5550>, 'language': 'python', 'created': datetime.datetime(2016, 11, 11, 7, 12, 58, 973475, tzinfo=<UTC>), 'title': '', 'id': 2, 'linenos': False}
>>> serializer = SnippetSerializer(snippet)
>>> print(serializer)
SnippetSerializer(<Snippet: Snippet object>):
    id = IntegerField(read_only=True)
    title = CharField(allow_blank=True, max_length=100, required=False)
    code = CharField(style={'base_template': 'textarea.html'})
    linenos = BooleanField(required=False)
    language = ChoiceField(choices=[('abap', 'ABAP'), ('abnf', 'ABNF'), ('ada', 'Ada'), ('adl', 'ADL'), ('agda', 'Agda'), ('ahk', 'autohotkey'), ('alloy', 'Alloy'), ('antlr', 'ANTLR'), ('antlr-as', 'ANTLR With ActionScript Target'), ('antlr-cpp', 'ANTLR With CPP Target'), ('antlr-csharp', 'ANTLR With C# Target'), ('antlr-java', 'ANTLR With Java Target'), ('antlr-objc', 'ANTLR With ObjectiveC Target'), ('antlr-perl', 'ANTLR With Perl Target'), ('antlr-python', 'ANTLR With Python Target'), ('antlr-ruby', 'ANTLR With Ruby Target'), ('apacheconf', 'ApacheConf'), ('apl', 'APL'), ('applescript', 'AppleScript'), ('arduino', 'Arduino'), ('as', 'ActionScript'), ('as3', 'ActionScript 3'), ('aspectj', 'AspectJ'), ('aspx-cs', 'aspx-cs'), ('aspx-vb', 'aspx-vb'), ('asy', 'Asymptote'), ('at', 'AmbientTalk'), ('autoit', 'AutoIt'), ('awk', 'Awk'), ('basemake', 'Base Makefile'), ('bash', 'Bash'), ('bat', 'Batchfile'), ('bbcode', 'BBCode'), ('bc', 'BC'), ('befunge', 'Befunge'), ('blitzbasic', 'BlitzBasic'), ('blitzmax', 'BlitzMax'), ('bnf', 'BNF'), ('boo', 'Boo'), ('boogie', 'Boogie'), ('brainfuck', 'Brainfuck'), ('bro', 'Bro'), ('bugs', 'BUGS'), ('c', 'C'), ('c-objdump', 'c-objdump'), ('ca65', 'ca65 assembler'), ('cadl', 'cADL'), ('camkes', 'CAmkES'), ('cbmbas', 'CBM BASIC V2'), ('ceylon', 'Ceylon'), ('cfc', 'Coldfusion CFC'), ('cfengine3', 'CFEngine3'), ('cfm', 'Coldfusion HTML'), ('cfs', 'cfstatement'), ('chai', 'ChaiScript'), ('chapel', 'Chapel'), ('cheetah', 'Cheetah'), ('cirru', 'Cirru'), ('clay', 'Clay'), ('clojure', 'Clojure'), ('clojurescript', 'ClojureScript'), ('cmake', 'CMake'), ('cobol', 'COBOL'), ('cobolfree', 'COBOLFree'), ('coffee-script', 'CoffeeScript'), ('common-lisp', 'Common Lisp'), ('componentpascal', 'Component Pascal'), ('console', 'Bash Session'), ('control', 'Debian Control file'), ('coq', 'Coq'), ('cpp', 'C++'), ('cpp-objdump', 'cpp-objdump'), ('cpsa', 'CPSA'), ('crmsh', 'Crmsh'), ('croc', 'Croc'), ('cryptol', 'Cryptol'), ('csharp', 'C#'), ('csound', 'Csound Orchestra'), ('csound-document', 'Csound Document'), ('csound-score', 'Csound Score'), ('css', 'CSS'), ('css+django', 'CSS+Django/Jinja'), ('css+erb', 'CSS+Ruby'), ('css+genshitext', 'CSS+Genshi Text'), ('css+lasso', 'CSS+Lasso'), ('css+mako', 'CSS+Mako'), ('css+mozpreproc', 'CSS+mozpreproc'), ('css+myghty', 'CSS+Myghty'), ('css+php', 'CSS+PHP'), ('css+smarty', 'CSS+Smarty'), ('cucumber', 'Gherkin'), ('cuda', 'CUDA'), ('cypher', 'Cypher'), ('cython', 'Cython'), ('d', 'D'), ('d-objdump', 'd-objdump'), ('dart', 'Dart'), ('delphi', 'Delphi'), ('dg', 'dg'), ('diff', 'Diff'), ('django', 'Django/Jinja'), ('docker', 'Docker'), ('doscon', 'MSDOS Session'), ('dpatch', 'Darcs Patch'), ('dtd', 'DTD'), ('duel', 'Duel'), ('dylan', 'Dylan'), ('dylan-console', 'Dylan session'), ('dylan-lid', 'DylanLID'), ('earl-grey', 'Earl Grey'), ('easytrieve', 'Easytrieve'), ('ebnf', 'EBNF'), ('ec', 'eC'), ('ecl', 'ECL'), ('eiffel', 'Eiffel'), ('elixir', 'Elixir'), ('elm', 'Elm'), ('emacs', 'EmacsLisp'), ('erb', 'ERB'), ('erl', 'Erlang erl session'), ('erlang', 'Erlang'), ('evoque', 'Evoque'), ('ezhil', 'Ezhil'), ('factor', 'Factor'), ('fan', 'Fantom'), ('fancy', 'Fancy'), ('felix', 'Felix'), ('fish', 'Fish'), ('fortran', 'Fortran'), ('fortranfixed', 'FortranFixed'), ('foxpro', 'FoxPro'), ('fsharp', 'FSharp'), ('gap', 'GAP'), ('gas', 'GAS'), ('genshi', 'Genshi'), ('genshitext', 'Genshi Text'), ('glsl', 'GLSL'), ('gnuplot', 'Gnuplot'), ('go', 'Go'), ('golo', 'Golo'), ('gooddata-cl', 'GoodData-CL'), ('gosu', 'Gosu'), ('groff', 'Groff'), ('groovy', 'Groovy'), ('gst', 'Gosu Template'), ('haml', 'Haml'), ('handlebars', 'Handlebars'), ('haskell', 'Haskell'), ('haxeml', 'Hxml'), ('hexdump', 'Hexdump'), ('html', 'HTML'), ('html+cheetah', 'HTML+Cheetah'), ('html+django', 'HTML+Django/Jinja'), ('html+evoque', 'HTML+Evoque'), ('html+genshi', 'HTML+Genshi'), ('html+handlebars', 'HTML+Handlebars'), ('html+lasso', 'HTML+Lasso'), ('html+mako', 'HTML+Mako'), ('html+myghty', 'HTML+Myghty'), ('html+php', 'HTML+PHP'), ('html+smarty', 'HTML+Smarty'), ('html+twig', 'HTML+Twig'), ('html+velocity', 'HTML+Velocity'), ('http', 'HTTP'), ('hx', 'Haxe'), ('hybris', 'Hybris'), ('hylang', 'Hy'), ('i6t', 'Inform 6 template'), ('idl', 'IDL'), ('idris', 'Idris'), ('iex', 'Elixir iex session'), ('igor', 'Igor'), ('inform6', 'Inform 6'), ('inform7', 'Inform 7'), ('ini', 'INI'), ('io', 'Io'), ('ioke', 'Ioke'), ('irc', 'IRC logs'), ('isabelle', 'Isabelle'), ('j', 'J'), ('jade', 'Jade'), ('jags', 'JAGS'), ('jasmin', 'Jasmin'), ('java', 'Java'), ('javascript+mozpreproc', 'Javascript+mozpreproc'), ('jcl', 'JCL'), ('jlcon', 'Julia console'), ('js', 'JavaScript'), ('js+cheetah', 'JavaScript+Cheetah'), ('js+django', 'JavaScript+Django/Jinja'), ('js+erb', 'JavaScript+Ruby'), ('js+genshitext', 'JavaScript+Genshi Text'), ('js+lasso', 'JavaScript+Lasso'), ('js+mako', 'JavaScript+Mako'), ('js+myghty', 'JavaScript+Myghty'), ('js+php', 'JavaScript+PHP'), ('js+smarty', 'JavaScript+Smarty'), ('json', 'JSON'), ('jsonld', 'JSON-LD'), ('jsp', 'Java Server Page'), ('julia', 'Julia'), ('kal', 'Kal'), ('kconfig', 'Kconfig'), ('koka', 'Koka'), ('kotlin', 'Kotlin'), ('lagda', 'Literate Agda'), ('lasso', 'Lasso'), ('lcry', 'Literate Cryptol'), ('lean', 'Lean'), ('less', 'LessCss'), ('lhs', 'Literate Haskell'), ('lidr', 'Literate Idris'), ('lighty', 'Lighttpd configuration file'), ('limbo', 'Limbo'), ('liquid', 'liquid'), ('live-script', 'LiveScript'), ('llvm', 'LLVM'), ('logos', 'Logos'), ('logtalk', 'Logtalk'), ('lsl', 'LSL'), ('lua', 'Lua'), ('make', 'Makefile'), ('mako', 'Mako'), ('maql', 'MAQL'), ('mask', 'Mask'), ('mason', 'Mason'), ('mathematica', 'Mathematica'), ('matlab', 'Matlab'), ('matlabsession', 'Matlab session'), ('minid', 'MiniD'), ('modelica', 'Modelica'), ('modula2', 'Modula-2'), ('monkey', 'Monkey'), ('moocode', 'MOOCode'), ('moon', 'MoonScript'), ('mozhashpreproc', 'mozhashpreproc'), ('mozpercentpreproc', 'mozpercentpreproc'), ('mql', 'MQL'), ('mscgen', 'Mscgen'), ('mupad', 'MuPAD'), ('mxml', 'MXML'), ('myghty', 'Myghty'), ('mysql', 'MySQL'), ('nasm', 'NASM'), ('nemerle', 'Nemerle'), ('nesc', 'nesC'), ('newlisp', 'NewLisp'), ('newspeak', 'Newspeak'), ('nginx', 'Nginx configuration file'), ('nimrod', 'Nimrod'), ('nit', 'Nit'), ('nixos', 'Nix'), ('nsis', 'NSIS'), ('numpy', 'NumPy'), ('objdump', 'objdump'), ('objdump-nasm', 'objdump-nasm'), ('objective-c', 'Objective-C'), ('objective-c++', 'Objective-C++'), ('objective-j', 'Objective-J'), ('ocaml', 'OCaml'), ('octave', 'Octave'), ('odin', 'ODIN'), ('ooc', 'Ooc'), ('opa', 'Opa'), ('openedge', 'OpenEdge ABL'), ('pacmanconf', 'PacmanConf'), ('pan', 'Pan'), ('parasail', 'ParaSail'), ('pawn', 'Pawn'), ('perl', 'Perl'), ('perl6', 'Perl6'), ('php', 'PHP'), ('pig', 'Pig'), ('pike', 'Pike'), ('pkgconfig', 'PkgConfig'), ('plpgsql', 'PL/pgSQL'), ('postgresql', 'PostgreSQL SQL dialect'), ('postscript', 'PostScript'), ('pot', 'Gettext Catalog'), ('pov', 'POVRay'), ('powershell', 'PowerShell'), ('praat', 'Praat'), ('prolog', 'Prolog'), ('properties', 'Properties'), ('protobuf', 'Protocol Buffer'), ('ps1con', 'PowerShell Session'), ('psql', 'PostgreSQL console (psql)'), ('puppet', 'Puppet'), ('py3tb', 'Python 3.0 Traceback'), ('pycon', 'Python console session'), ('pypylog', 'PyPy Log'), ('pytb', 'Python Traceback'), ('python', 'Python'), ('python3', 'Python 3'), ('qbasic', 'QBasic'), ('qml', 'QML'), ('qvto', 'QVTO'), ('racket', 'Racket'), ('ragel', 'Ragel'), ('ragel-c', 'Ragel in C Host'), ('ragel-cpp', 'Ragel in CPP Host'), ('ragel-d', 'Ragel in D Host'), ('ragel-em', 'Embedded Ragel'), ('ragel-java', 'Ragel in Java Host'), ('ragel-objc', 'Ragel in Objective C Host'), ('ragel-ruby', 'Ragel in Ruby Host'), ('raw', 'Raw token data'), ('rb', 'Ruby'), ('rbcon', 'Ruby irb session'), ('rconsole', 'RConsole'), ('rd', 'Rd'), ('rebol', 'REBOL'), ('red', 'Red'), ('redcode', 'Redcode'), ('registry', 'reg'), ('resource', 'ResourceBundle'), ('rexx', 'Rexx'), ('rhtml', 'RHTML'), ('roboconf-graph', 'Roboconf Graph'), ('roboconf-instances', 'Roboconf Instances'), ('robotframework', 'RobotFramework'), ('rql', 'RQL'), ('rsl', 'RSL'), ('rst', 'reStructuredText'), ('rts', 'TrafficScript'), ('rust', 'Rust'), ('sass', 'Sass'), ('sc', 'SuperCollider'), ('scala', 'Scala'), ('scaml', 'Scaml'), ('scheme', 'Scheme'), ('scilab', 'Scilab'), ('scss', 'SCSS'), ('shen', 'Shen'), ('slim', 'Slim'), ('smali', 'Smali'), ('smalltalk', 'Smalltalk'), ('smarty', 'Smarty'), ('sml', 'Standard ML'), ('snobol', 'Snobol'), ('sourceslist', 'Debian Sourcelist'), ('sp', 'SourcePawn'), ('sparql', 'SPARQL'), ('spec', 'RPMSpec'), ('splus', 'S'), ('sql', 'SQL'), ('sqlite3', 'sqlite3con'), ('squidconf', 'SquidConf'), ('ssp', 'Scalate Server Page'), ('stan', 'Stan'), ('swift', 'Swift'), ('swig', 'SWIG'), ('systemverilog', 'systemverilog'), ('tads3', 'TADS 3'), ('tap', 'TAP'), ('tcl', 'Tcl'), ('tcsh', 'Tcsh'), ('tcshcon', 'Tcsh Session'), ('tea', 'Tea'), ('termcap', 'Termcap'), ('terminfo', 'Terminfo'), ('terraform', 'Terraform'), ('tex', 'TeX'), ('text', 'Text only'), ('thrift', 'Thrift'), ('todotxt', 'Todotxt'), ('trac-wiki', 'MoinMoin/Trac Wiki markup'), ('treetop', 'Treetop'), ('ts', 'TypeScript'), ('turtle', 'Turtle'), ('twig', 'Twig'), ('urbiscript', 'UrbiScript'), ('vala', 'Vala'), ('vb.net', 'VB.net'), ('vctreestatus', 'VCTreeStatus'), ('velocity', 'Velocity'), ('verilog', 'verilog'), ('vgl', 'VGL'), ('vhdl', 'vhdl'), ('vim', 'VimL'), ('x10', 'X10'), ('xml', 'XML'), ('xml+cheetah', 'XML+Cheetah'), ('xml+django', 'XML+Django/Jinja'), ('xml+erb', 'XML+Ruby'), ('xml+evoque', 'XML+Evoque'), ('xml+lasso', 'XML+Lasso'), ('xml+mako', 'XML+Mako'), ('xml+myghty', 'XML+Myghty'), ('xml+php', 'XML+PHP'), ('xml+smarty', 'XML+Smarty'), ('xml+velocity', 'XML+Velocity'), ('xquery', 'XQuery'), ('xslt', 'XSLT'), ('xtend', 'Xtend'), ('xul+mozpreproc', 'XUL+mozpreproc'), ('yaml', 'YAML'), ('yaml+jinja', 'YAML+Jinja'), ('zephir', 'Zephir')], default='python')
    style = ChoiceField(choices=[('algol', 'algol'), ('algol_nu', 'algol_nu'), ('autumn', 'autumn'), ('borland', 'borland'), ('bw', 'bw'), ('colorful', 'colorful'), ('default', 'default'), ('emacs', 'emacs'), ('friendly', 'friendly'), ('fruity', 'fruity'), ('igor', 'igor'), ('lovelace', 'lovelace'), ('manni', 'manni'), ('monokai', 'monokai'), ('murphy', 'murphy'), ('native', 'native'), ('paraiso-dark', 'paraiso-dark'), ('paraiso-light', 'paraiso-light'), ('pastie', 'pastie'), ('perldoc', 'perldoc'), ('rrt', 'rrt'), ('tango', 'tango'), ('trac', 'trac'), ('vim', 'vim'), ('vs', 'vs'), ('xcode', 'xcode')], default='friendly')
>>> print(serializer.data)
{'style': 'friendly', 'code': 'print "Hello,Jason"\n', 'language': 'python', 'linenos': False, 'id': 2, 'title': ''}
>>> content = JSONRenderer().render(serializer.data)
>>> content
b'{"id":2,"title":"","code":"print \\"Hello,Jason\\"\\n","linenos":false,"language":"python","style":"friendly"}'

Serialization

>>> from django.utils.six import BytesIO
>>> stream = BytesIO(content)
>>> data = JSONParser().parse(stream)
>>> print(data)
{'style': 'friendly', 'code': 'print "Hello,Jason"\n', 'language': 'python', 'linenos': False, 'id': 2, 'title': ''}
>>> serializer = SnippetSerializer(data=data)
>>> serializer.is_valid()
True
>>> serializer.validated_data
OrderedDict([('title', ''), ('code', 'print "Hello,Jason"'), ('linenos', False), ('language', 'python'), ('style', 'friendly')])
>>> print(serializer)
SnippetSerializer(data={'style': 'friendly', 'code': 'print "Hello,Jason"\n', 'language': 'python', 'linenos': False, 'id': 2, 'title': ''}):
    id = IntegerField(read_only=True)
    title = CharField(allow_blank=True, max_length=100, required=False)
    code = CharField(style={'base_template': 'textarea.html'})
    linenos = BooleanField(required=False)
    language = ChoiceField(choices=[('abap', 'ABAP'), ('abnf', 'ABNF'), ('ada', 'Ada'), ('adl', 'ADL'), ('agda', 'Agda'), ('ahk', 'autohotkey'), ('alloy', 'Alloy'), ('antlr', 'ANTLR'), ('antlr-as', 'ANTLR With ActionScript Target'), ('antlr-cpp', 'ANTLR With CPP Target'), ('antlr-csharp', 'ANTLR With C# Target'), ('antlr-java', 'ANTLR With Java Target'), ('antlr-objc', 'ANTLR With ObjectiveC Target'), ('antlr-perl', 'ANTLR With Perl Target'), ('antlr-python', 'ANTLR With Python Target'), ('antlr-ruby', 'ANTLR With Ruby Target'), ('apacheconf', 'ApacheConf'), ('apl', 'APL'), ('applescript', 'AppleScript'), ('arduino', 'Arduino'), ('as', 'ActionScript'), ('as3', 'ActionScript 3'), ('aspectj', 'AspectJ'), ('aspx-cs', 'aspx-cs'), ('aspx-vb', 'aspx-vb'), ('asy', 'Asymptote'), ('at', 'AmbientTalk'), ('autoit', 'AutoIt'), ('awk', 'Awk'), ('basemake', 'Base Makefile'), ('bash', 'Bash'), ('bat', 'Batchfile'), ('bbcode', 'BBCode'), ('bc', 'BC'), ('befunge', 'Befunge'), ('blitzbasic', 'BlitzBasic'), ('blitzmax', 'BlitzMax'), ('bnf', 'BNF'), ('boo', 'Boo'), ('boogie', 'Boogie'), ('brainfuck', 'Brainfuck'), ('bro', 'Bro'), ('bugs', 'BUGS'), ('c', 'C'), ('c-objdump', 'c-objdump'), ('ca65', 'ca65 assembler'), ('cadl', 'cADL'), ('camkes', 'CAmkES'), ('cbmbas', 'CBM BASIC V2'), ('ceylon', 'Ceylon'), ('cfc', 'Coldfusion CFC'), ('cfengine3', 'CFEngine3'), ('cfm', 'Coldfusion HTML'), ('cfs', 'cfstatement'), ('chai', 'ChaiScript'), ('chapel', 'Chapel'), ('cheetah', 'Cheetah'), ('cirru', 'Cirru'), ('clay', 'Clay'), ('clojure', 'Clojure'), ('clojurescript', 'ClojureScript'), ('cmake', 'CMake'), ('cobol', 'COBOL'), ('cobolfree', 'COBOLFree'), ('coffee-script', 'CoffeeScript'), ('common-lisp', 'Common Lisp'), ('componentpascal', 'Component Pascal'), ('console', 'Bash Session'), ('control', 'Debian Control file'), ('coq', 'Coq'), ('cpp', 'C++'), ('cpp-objdump', 'cpp-objdump'), ('cpsa', 'CPSA'), ('crmsh', 'Crmsh'), ('croc', 'Croc'), ('cryptol', 'Cryptol'), ('csharp', 'C#'), ('csound', 'Csound Orchestra'), ('csound-document', 'Csound Document'), ('csound-score', 'Csound Score'), ('css', 'CSS'), ('css+django', 'CSS+Django/Jinja'), ('css+erb', 'CSS+Ruby'), ('css+genshitext', 'CSS+Genshi Text'), ('css+lasso', 'CSS+Lasso'), ('css+mako', 'CSS+Mako'), ('css+mozpreproc', 'CSS+mozpreproc'), ('css+myghty', 'CSS+Myghty'), ('css+php', 'CSS+PHP'), ('css+smarty', 'CSS+Smarty'), ('cucumber', 'Gherkin'), ('cuda', 'CUDA'), ('cypher', 'Cypher'), ('cython', 'Cython'), ('d', 'D'), ('d-objdump', 'd-objdump'), ('dart', 'Dart'), ('delphi', 'Delphi'), ('dg', 'dg'), ('diff', 'Diff'), ('django', 'Django/Jinja'), ('docker', 'Docker'), ('doscon', 'MSDOS Session'), ('dpatch', 'Darcs Patch'), ('dtd', 'DTD'), ('duel', 'Duel'), ('dylan', 'Dylan'), ('dylan-console', 'Dylan session'), ('dylan-lid', 'DylanLID'), ('earl-grey', 'Earl Grey'), ('easytrieve', 'Easytrieve'), ('ebnf', 'EBNF'), ('ec', 'eC'), ('ecl', 'ECL'), ('eiffel', 'Eiffel'), ('elixir', 'Elixir'), ('elm', 'Elm'), ('emacs', 'EmacsLisp'), ('erb', 'ERB'), ('erl', 'Erlang erl session'), ('erlang', 'Erlang'), ('evoque', 'Evoque'), ('ezhil', 'Ezhil'), ('factor', 'Factor'), ('fan', 'Fantom'), ('fancy', 'Fancy'), ('felix', 'Felix'), ('fish', 'Fish'), ('fortran', 'Fortran'), ('fortranfixed', 'FortranFixed'), ('foxpro', 'FoxPro'), ('fsharp', 'FSharp'), ('gap', 'GAP'), ('gas', 'GAS'), ('genshi', 'Genshi'), ('genshitext', 'Genshi Text'), ('glsl', 'GLSL'), ('gnuplot', 'Gnuplot'), ('go', 'Go'), ('golo', 'Golo'), ('gooddata-cl', 'GoodData-CL'), ('gosu', 'Gosu'), ('groff', 'Groff'), ('groovy', 'Groovy'), ('gst', 'Gosu Template'), ('haml', 'Haml'), ('handlebars', 'Handlebars'), ('haskell', 'Haskell'), ('haxeml', 'Hxml'), ('hexdump', 'Hexdump'), ('html', 'HTML'), ('html+cheetah', 'HTML+Cheetah'), ('html+django', 'HTML+Django/Jinja'), ('html+evoque', 'HTML+Evoque'), ('html+genshi', 'HTML+Genshi'), ('html+handlebars', 'HTML+Handlebars'), ('html+lasso', 'HTML+Lasso'), ('html+mako', 'HTML+Mako'), ('html+myghty', 'HTML+Myghty'), ('html+php', 'HTML+PHP'), ('html+smarty', 'HTML+Smarty'), ('html+twig', 'HTML+Twig'), ('html+velocity', 'HTML+Velocity'), ('http', 'HTTP'), ('hx', 'Haxe'), ('hybris', 'Hybris'), ('hylang', 'Hy'), ('i6t', 'Inform 6 template'), ('idl', 'IDL'), ('idris', 'Idris'), ('iex', 'Elixir iex session'), ('igor', 'Igor'), ('inform6', 'Inform 6'), ('inform7', 'Inform 7'), ('ini', 'INI'), ('io', 'Io'), ('ioke', 'Ioke'), ('irc', 'IRC logs'), ('isabelle', 'Isabelle'), ('j', 'J'), ('jade', 'Jade'), ('jags', 'JAGS'), ('jasmin', 'Jasmin'), ('java', 'Java'), ('javascript+mozpreproc', 'Javascript+mozpreproc'), ('jcl', 'JCL'), ('jlcon', 'Julia console'), ('js', 'JavaScript'), ('js+cheetah', 'JavaScript+Cheetah'), ('js+django', 'JavaScript+Django/Jinja'), ('js+erb', 'JavaScript+Ruby'), ('js+genshitext', 'JavaScript+Genshi Text'), ('js+lasso', 'JavaScript+Lasso'), ('js+mako', 'JavaScript+Mako'), ('js+myghty', 'JavaScript+Myghty'), ('js+php', 'JavaScript+PHP'), ('js+smarty', 'JavaScript+Smarty'), ('json', 'JSON'), ('jsonld', 'JSON-LD'), ('jsp', 'Java Server Page'), ('julia', 'Julia'), ('kal', 'Kal'), ('kconfig', 'Kconfig'), ('koka', 'Koka'), ('kotlin', 'Kotlin'), ('lagda', 'Literate Agda'), ('lasso', 'Lasso'), ('lcry', 'Literate Cryptol'), ('lean', 'Lean'), ('less', 'LessCss'), ('lhs', 'Literate Haskell'), ('lidr', 'Literate Idris'), ('lighty', 'Lighttpd configuration file'), ('limbo', 'Limbo'), ('liquid', 'liquid'), ('live-script', 'LiveScript'), ('llvm', 'LLVM'), ('logos', 'Logos'), ('logtalk', 'Logtalk'), ('lsl', 'LSL'), ('lua', 'Lua'), ('make', 'Makefile'), ('mako', 'Mako'), ('maql', 'MAQL'), ('mask', 'Mask'), ('mason', 'Mason'), ('mathematica', 'Mathematica'), ('matlab', 'Matlab'), ('matlabsession', 'Matlab session'), ('minid', 'MiniD'), ('modelica', 'Modelica'), ('modula2', 'Modula-2'), ('monkey', 'Monkey'), ('moocode', 'MOOCode'), ('moon', 'MoonScript'), ('mozhashpreproc', 'mozhashpreproc'), ('mozpercentpreproc', 'mozpercentpreproc'), ('mql', 'MQL'), ('mscgen', 'Mscgen'), ('mupad', 'MuPAD'), ('mxml', 'MXML'), ('myghty', 'Myghty'), ('mysql', 'MySQL'), ('nasm', 'NASM'), ('nemerle', 'Nemerle'), ('nesc', 'nesC'), ('newlisp', 'NewLisp'), ('newspeak', 'Newspeak'), ('nginx', 'Nginx configuration file'), ('nimrod', 'Nimrod'), ('nit', 'Nit'), ('nixos', 'Nix'), ('nsis', 'NSIS'), ('numpy', 'NumPy'), ('objdump', 'objdump'), ('objdump-nasm', 'objdump-nasm'), ('objective-c', 'Objective-C'), ('objective-c++', 'Objective-C++'), ('objective-j', 'Objective-J'), ('ocaml', 'OCaml'), ('octave', 'Octave'), ('odin', 'ODIN'), ('ooc', 'Ooc'), ('opa', 'Opa'), ('openedge', 'OpenEdge ABL'), ('pacmanconf', 'PacmanConf'), ('pan', 'Pan'), ('parasail', 'ParaSail'), ('pawn', 'Pawn'), ('perl', 'Perl'), ('perl6', 'Perl6'), ('php', 'PHP'), ('pig', 'Pig'), ('pike', 'Pike'), ('pkgconfig', 'PkgConfig'), ('plpgsql', 'PL/pgSQL'), ('postgresql', 'PostgreSQL SQL dialect'), ('postscript', 'PostScript'), ('pot', 'Gettext Catalog'), ('pov', 'POVRay'), ('powershell', 'PowerShell'), ('praat', 'Praat'), ('prolog', 'Prolog'), ('properties', 'Properties'), ('protobuf', 'Protocol Buffer'), ('ps1con', 'PowerShell Session'), ('psql', 'PostgreSQL console (psql)'), ('puppet', 'Puppet'), ('py3tb', 'Python 3.0 Traceback'), ('pycon', 'Python console session'), ('pypylog', 'PyPy Log'), ('pytb', 'Python Traceback'), ('python', 'Python'), ('python3', 'Python 3'), ('qbasic', 'QBasic'), ('qml', 'QML'), ('qvto', 'QVTO'), ('racket', 'Racket'), ('ragel', 'Ragel'), ('ragel-c', 'Ragel in C Host'), ('ragel-cpp', 'Ragel in CPP Host'), ('ragel-d', 'Ragel in D Host'), ('ragel-em', 'Embedded Ragel'), ('ragel-java', 'Ragel in Java Host'), ('ragel-objc', 'Ragel in Objective C Host'), ('ragel-ruby', 'Ragel in Ruby Host'), ('raw', 'Raw token data'), ('rb', 'Ruby'), ('rbcon', 'Ruby irb session'), ('rconsole', 'RConsole'), ('rd', 'Rd'), ('rebol', 'REBOL'), ('red', 'Red'), ('redcode', 'Redcode'), ('registry', 'reg'), ('resource', 'ResourceBundle'), ('rexx', 'Rexx'), ('rhtml', 'RHTML'), ('roboconf-graph', 'Roboconf Graph'), ('roboconf-instances', 'Roboconf Instances'), ('robotframework', 'RobotFramework'), ('rql', 'RQL'), ('rsl', 'RSL'), ('rst', 'reStructuredText'), ('rts', 'TrafficScript'), ('rust', 'Rust'), ('sass', 'Sass'), ('sc', 'SuperCollider'), ('scala', 'Scala'), ('scaml', 'Scaml'), ('scheme', 'Scheme'), ('scilab', 'Scilab'), ('scss', 'SCSS'), ('shen', 'Shen'), ('slim', 'Slim'), ('smali', 'Smali'), ('smalltalk', 'Smalltalk'), ('smarty', 'Smarty'), ('sml', 'Standard ML'), ('snobol', 'Snobol'), ('sourceslist', 'Debian Sourcelist'), ('sp', 'SourcePawn'), ('sparql', 'SPARQL'), ('spec', 'RPMSpec'), ('splus', 'S'), ('sql', 'SQL'), ('sqlite3', 'sqlite3con'), ('squidconf', 'SquidConf'), ('ssp', 'Scalate Server Page'), ('stan', 'Stan'), ('swift', 'Swift'), ('swig', 'SWIG'), ('systemverilog', 'systemverilog'), ('tads3', 'TADS 3'), ('tap', 'TAP'), ('tcl', 'Tcl'), ('tcsh', 'Tcsh'), ('tcshcon', 'Tcsh Session'), ('tea', 'Tea'), ('termcap', 'Termcap'), ('terminfo', 'Terminfo'), ('terraform', 'Terraform'), ('tex', 'TeX'), ('text', 'Text only'), ('thrift', 'Thrift'), ('todotxt', 'Todotxt'), ('trac-wiki', 'MoinMoin/Trac Wiki markup'), ('treetop', 'Treetop'), ('ts', 'TypeScript'), ('turtle', 'Turtle'), ('twig', 'Twig'), ('urbiscript', 'UrbiScript'), ('vala', 'Vala'), ('vb.net', 'VB.net'), ('vctreestatus', 'VCTreeStatus'), ('velocity', 'Velocity'), ('verilog', 'verilog'), ('vgl', 'VGL'), ('vhdl', 'vhdl'), ('vim', 'VimL'), ('x10', 'X10'), ('xml', 'XML'), ('xml+cheetah', 'XML+Cheetah'), ('xml+django', 'XML+Django/Jinja'), ('xml+erb', 'XML+Ruby'), ('xml+evoque', 'XML+Evoque'), ('xml+lasso', 'XML+Lasso'), ('xml+mako', 'XML+Mako'), ('xml+myghty', 'XML+Myghty'), ('xml+php', 'XML+PHP'), ('xml+smarty', 'XML+Smarty'), ('xml+velocity', 'XML+Velocity'), ('xquery', 'XQuery'), ('xslt', 'XSLT'), ('xtend', 'Xtend'), ('xul+mozpreproc', 'XUL+mozpreproc'), ('yaml', 'YAML'), ('yaml+jinja', 'YAML+Jinja'), ('zephir', 'Zephir')], default='python')
    style = ChoiceField(choices=[('algol', 'algol'), ('algol_nu', 'algol_nu'), ('autumn', 'autumn'), ('borland', 'borland'), ('bw', 'bw'), ('colorful', 'colorful'), ('default', 'default'), ('emacs', 'emacs'), ('friendly', 'friendly'), ('fruity', 'fruity'), ('igor', 'igor'), ('lovelace', 'lovelace'), ('manni', 'manni'), ('monokai', 'monokai'), ('murphy', 'murphy'), ('native', 'native'), ('paraiso-dark', 'paraiso-dark'), ('paraiso-light', 'paraiso-light'), ('pastie', 'pastie'), ('perldoc', 'perldoc'), ('rrt', 'rrt'), ('tango', 'tango'), ('trac', 'trac'), ('vim', 'vim'), ('vs', 'vs'), ('xcode', 'xcode')], default='friendly')
>>> serializer.save()
<Snippet: Snippet object>

Deserialization

除了序列化實例外，咱們也可序列化querysets ，咱們只須要加一個參數many=True給serializer

實現方法以下：

>>> new_serializer.data
[OrderedDict([('id', 1), ('title', ''), ('code', 'foo = "Jason"\n'), ('linenos', False), ('language', 'python'), ('style', 'friendly')]), OrderedDict([('id', 2), ('title', ''), ('code', 'print "Hello,Jason"\n'), ('linenos', False), ('language', 'python'), ('style', 'friendly')]), OrderedDict([('id', 3), ('title', ''), ('code', 'print "Hello,Jason"'), ('linenos', False), ('language', 'python'), ('style', 'friendly')])]

使用 ModelSerializers，

SnippetSerializer 這個類收集的信息在Snippet Model 模型中已經存在，爲了更準確的結合model中的相關信息， REST framework 給咱們提供了Serializerclasses, and ModelSerializer classes 兩種類，後者建立起來更方便精確些，具體代碼以下：

class SnippetSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    class Meta:
        model = Snippet
        fields = ('id', 'title', 'code', 'linenos', 'language', 'style')

serializers 有一個很是好的特性就是你能夠看到每一個實例全部具體的字段，查看方法以下：

>>> from snippets.serializers import SnippetSerializer
>>> serializer = SnippetSerializer()
>>> print(repr(serializer))
SnippetSerializer():
    id = IntegerField(read_only=True)
    title = CharField(allow_blank=True, max_length=100, required=False)
    code = CharField(style={'base_template': 'textarea.html'})
    linenos = BooleanField(required=False)
    language = ChoiceField(choices=[('abap', 'ABAP'), ('abnf', 'ABNF'), ('ada', 'Ada'), ('adl', 'ADL'), ('agda', 'Agda'), ('ahk', 'autohotkey'), ('alloy', 'Alloy'), ('antlr', 'ANTLR'), ('antlr-as', 'ANTLR With ActionScript Target'), ('antlr-cpp', 'ANTLR With CPP Target'), ('antlr-csharp', 'ANTLR With C# Target'), ('antlr-java', 'ANTLR With Java Target'), ('antlr-objc', 'ANTLR With ObjectiveC Target'), ('antlr-perl', 'ANTLR With Perl Target'), ('antlr-python', 'ANTLR With Python Target'), ('antlr-ruby', 'ANTLR With Ruby Target'), ('apacheconf', 'ApacheConf'), ('apl', 'APL'), ('applescript', 'AppleScript'), ('arduino', 'Arduino'), ('as', 'ActionScript'), ('as3', 'ActionScript 3'), ('aspectj', 'AspectJ'), ('aspx-cs', 'aspx-cs'), ('aspx-vb', 'aspx-vb'), ('asy', 'Asymptote'), ('at', 'AmbientTalk'), ('autoit', 'AutoIt'), ('awk', 'Awk'), ('basemake', 'Base Makefile'), ('bash', 'Bash'), ('bat', 'Batchfile'), ('bbcode', 'BBCode'), ('bc', 'BC'), ('befunge', 'Befunge'), ('blitzbasic', 'BlitzBasic'), ('blitzmax', 'BlitzMax'), ('bnf', 'BNF'), ('boo', 'Boo'), ('boogie', 'Boogie'), ('brainfuck', 'Brainfuck'), ('bro', 'Bro'), ('bugs', 'BUGS'), ('c', 'C'), ('c-objdump', 'c-objdump'), ('ca65', 'ca65 assembler'), ('cadl', 'cADL'), ('camkes', 'CAmkES'), ('cbmbas', 'CBM BASIC V2'), ('ceylon', 'Ceylon'), ('cfc', 'Coldfusion CFC'), ('cfengine3', 'CFEngine3'), ('cfm', 'Coldfusion HTML'), ('cfs', 'cfstatement'), ('chai', 'ChaiScript'), ('chapel', 'Chapel'), ('cheetah', 'Cheetah'), ('cirru', 'Cirru'), ('clay', 'Clay'), ('clojure', 'Clojure'), ('clojurescript', 'ClojureScript'), ('cmake', 'CMake'), ('cobol', 'COBOL'), ('cobolfree', 'COBOLFree'), ('coffee-script', 'CoffeeScript'), ('common-lisp', 'Common Lisp'), ('componentpascal', 'Component Pascal'), ('console', 'Bash Session'), ('control', 'Debian Control file'), ('coq', 'Coq'), ('cpp', 'C++'), ('cpp-objdump', 'cpp-objdump'), ('cpsa', 'CPSA'), ('crmsh', 'Crmsh'), ('croc', 'Croc'), ('cryptol', 'Cryptol'), ('csharp', 'C#'), ('csound', 'Csound Orchestra'), ('csound-document', 'Csound Document'), ('csound-score', 'Csound Score'), ('css', 'CSS'), ('css+django', 'CSS+Django/Jinja'), ('css+erb', 'CSS+Ruby'), ('css+genshitext', 'CSS+Genshi Text'), ('css+lasso', 'CSS+Lasso'), ('css+mako', 'CSS+Mako'), ('css+mozpreproc', 'CSS+mozpreproc'), ('css+myghty', 'CSS+Myghty'), ('css+php', 'CSS+PHP'), ('css+smarty', 'CSS+Smarty'), ('cucumber', 'Gherkin'), ('cuda', 'CUDA'), ('cypher', 'Cypher'), ('cython', 'Cython'), ('d', 'D'), ('d-objdump', 'd-objdump'), ('dart', 'Dart'), ('delphi', 'Delphi'), ('dg', 'dg'), ('diff', 'Diff'), ('django', 'Django/Jinja'), ('docker', 'Docker'), ('doscon', 'MSDOS Session'), ('dpatch', 'Darcs Patch'), ('dtd', 'DTD'), ('duel', 'Duel'), ('dylan', 'Dylan'), ('dylan-console', 'Dylan session'), ('dylan-lid', 'DylanLID'), ('earl-grey', 'Earl Grey'), ('easytrieve', 'Easytrieve'), ('ebnf', 'EBNF'), ('ec', 'eC'), ('ecl', 'ECL'), ('eiffel', 'Eiffel'), ('elixir', 'Elixir'), ('elm', 'Elm'), ('emacs', 'EmacsLisp'), ('erb', 'ERB'), ('erl', 'Erlang erl session'), ('erlang', 'Erlang'), ('evoque', 'Evoque'), ('ezhil', 'Ezhil'), ('factor', 'Factor'), ('fan', 'Fantom'), ('fancy', 'Fancy'), ('felix', 'Felix'), ('fish', 'Fish'), ('fortran', 'Fortran'), ('fortranfixed', 'FortranFixed'), ('foxpro', 'FoxPro'), ('fsharp', 'FSharp'), ('gap', 'GAP'), ('gas', 'GAS'), ('genshi', 'Genshi'), ('genshitext', 'Genshi Text'), ('glsl', 'GLSL'), ('gnuplot', 'Gnuplot'), ('go', 'Go'), ('golo', 'Golo'), ('gooddata-cl', 'GoodData-CL'), ('gosu', 'Gosu'), ('groff', 'Groff'), ('groovy', 'Groovy'), ('gst', 'Gosu Template'), ('haml', 'Haml'), ('handlebars', 'Handlebars'), ('haskell', 'Haskell'), ('haxeml', 'Hxml'), ('hexdump', 'Hexdump'), ('html', 'HTML'), ('html+cheetah', 'HTML+Cheetah'), ('html+django', 'HTML+Django/Jinja'), ('html+evoque', 'HTML+Evoque'), ('html+genshi', 'HTML+Genshi'), ('html+handlebars', 'HTML+Handlebars'), ('html+lasso', 'HTML+Lasso'), ('html+mako', 'HTML+Mako'), ('html+myghty', 'HTML+Myghty'), ('html+php', 'HTML+PHP'), ('html+smarty', 'HTML+Smarty'), ('html+twig', 'HTML+Twig'), ('html+velocity', 'HTML+Velocity'), ('http', 'HTTP'), ('hx', 'Haxe'), ('hybris', 'Hybris'), ('hylang', 'Hy'), ('i6t', 'Inform 6 template'), ('idl', 'IDL'), ('idris', 'Idris'), ('iex', 'Elixir iex session'), ('igor', 'Igor'), ('inform6', 'Inform 6'), ('inform7', 'Inform 7'), ('ini', 'INI'), ('io', 'Io'), ('ioke', 'Ioke'), ('irc', 'IRC logs'), ('isabelle', 'Isabelle'), ('j', 'J'), ('jade', 'Jade'), ('jags', 'JAGS'), ('jasmin', 'Jasmin'), ('java', 'Java'), ('javascript+mozpreproc', 'Javascript+mozpreproc'), ('jcl', 'JCL'), ('jlcon', 'Julia console'), ('js', 'JavaScript'), ('js+cheetah', 'JavaScript+Cheetah'), ('js+django', 'JavaScript+Django/Jinja'), ('js+erb', 'JavaScript+Ruby'), ('js+genshitext', 'JavaScript+Genshi Text'), ('js+lasso', 'JavaScript+Lasso'), ('js+mako', 'JavaScript+Mako'), ('js+myghty', 'JavaScript+Myghty'), ('js+php', 'JavaScript+PHP'), ('js+smarty', 'JavaScript+Smarty'), ('json', 'JSON'), ('jsonld', 'JSON-LD'), ('jsp', 'Java Server Page'), ('julia', 'Julia'), ('kal', 'Kal'), ('kconfig', 'Kconfig'), ('koka', 'Koka'), ('kotlin', 'Kotlin'), ('lagda', 'Literate Agda'), ('lasso', 'Lasso'), ('lcry', 'Literate Cryptol'), ('lean', 'Lean'), ('less', 'LessCss'), ('lhs', 'Literate Haskell'), ('lidr', 'Literate Idris'), ('lighty', 'Lighttpd configuration file'), ('limbo', 'Limbo'), ('liquid', 'liquid'), ('live-script', 'LiveScript'), ('llvm', 'LLVM'), ('logos', 'Logos'), ('logtalk', 'Logtalk'), ('lsl', 'LSL'), ('lua', 'Lua'), ('make', 'Makefile'), ('mako', 'Mako'), ('maql', 'MAQL'), ('mask', 'Mask'), ('mason', 'Mason'), ('mathematica', 'Mathematica'), ('matlab', 'Matlab'), ('matlabsession', 'Matlab session'), ('minid', 'MiniD'), ('modelica', 'Modelica'), ('modula2', 'Modula-2'), ('monkey', 'Monkey'), ('moocode', 'MOOCode'), ('moon', 'MoonScript'), ('mozhashpreproc', 'mozhashpreproc'), ('mozpercentpreproc', 'mozpercentpreproc'), ('mql', 'MQL'), ('mscgen', 'Mscgen'), ('mupad', 'MuPAD'), ('mxml', 'MXML'), ('myghty', 'Myghty'), ('mysql', 'MySQL'), ('nasm', 'NASM'), ('nemerle', 'Nemerle'), ('nesc', 'nesC'), ('newlisp', 'NewLisp'), ('newspeak', 'Newspeak'), ('nginx', 'Nginx configuration file'), ('nimrod', 'Nimrod'), ('nit', 'Nit'), ('nixos', 'Nix'), ('nsis', 'NSIS'), ('numpy', 'NumPy'), ('objdump', 'objdump'), ('objdump-nasm', 'objdump-nasm'), ('objective-c', 'Objective-C'), ('objective-c++', 'Objective-C++'), ('objective-j', 'Objective-J'), ('ocaml', 'OCaml'), ('octave', 'Octave'), ('odin', 'ODIN'), ('ooc', 'Ooc'), ('opa', 'Opa'), ('openedge', 'OpenEdge ABL'), ('pacmanconf', 'PacmanConf'), ('pan', 'Pan'), ('parasail', 'ParaSail'), ('pawn', 'Pawn'), ('perl', 'Perl'), ('perl6', 'Perl6'), ('php', 'PHP'), ('pig', 'Pig'), ('pike', 'Pike'), ('pkgconfig', 'PkgConfig'), ('plpgsql', 'PL/pgSQL'), ('postgresql', 'PostgreSQL SQL dialect'), ('postscript', 'PostScript'), ('pot', 'Gettext Catalog'), ('pov', 'POVRay'), ('powershell', 'PowerShell'), ('praat', 'Praat'), ('prolog', 'Prolog'), ('properties', 'Properties'), ('protobuf', 'Protocol Buffer'), ('ps1con', 'PowerShell Session'), ('psql', 'PostgreSQL console (psql)'), ('puppet', 'Puppet'), ('py3tb', 'Python 3.0 Traceback'), ('pycon', 'Python console session'), ('pypylog', 'PyPy Log'), ('pytb', 'Python Traceback'), ('python', 'Python'), ('python3', 'Python 3'), ('qbasic', 'QBasic'), ('qml', 'QML'), ('qvto', 'QVTO'), ('racket', 'Racket'), ('ragel', 'Ragel'), ('ragel-c', 'Ragel in C Host'), ('ragel-cpp', 'Ragel in CPP Host'), ('ragel-d', 'Ragel in D Host'), ('ragel-em', 'Embedded Ragel'), ('ragel-java', 'Ragel in Java Host'), ('ragel-objc', 'Ragel in Objective C Host'), ('ragel-ruby', 'Ragel in Ruby Host'), ('raw', 'Raw token data'), ('rb', 'Ruby'), ('rbcon', 'Ruby irb session'), ('rconsole', 'RConsole'), ('rd', 'Rd'), ('rebol', 'REBOL'), ('red', 'Red'), ('redcode', 'Redcode'), ('registry', 'reg'), ('resource', 'ResourceBundle'), ('rexx', 'Rexx'), ('rhtml', 'RHTML'), ('roboconf-graph', 'Roboconf Graph'), ('roboconf-instances', 'Roboconf Instances'), ('robotframework', 'RobotFramework'), ('rql', 'RQL'), ('rsl', 'RSL'), ('rst', 'reStructuredText'), ('rts', 'TrafficScript'), ('rust', 'Rust'), ('sass', 'Sass'), ('sc', 'SuperCollider'), ('scala', 'Scala'), ('scaml', 'Scaml'), ('scheme', 'Scheme'), ('scilab', 'Scilab'), ('scss', 'SCSS'), ('shen', 'Shen'), ('slim', 'Slim'), ('smali', 'Smali'), ('smalltalk', 'Smalltalk'), ('smarty', 'Smarty'), ('sml', 'Standard ML'), ('snobol', 'Snobol'), ('sourceslist', 'Debian Sourcelist'), ('sp', 'SourcePawn'), ('sparql', 'SPARQL'), ('spec', 'RPMSpec'), ('splus', 'S'), ('sql', 'SQL'), ('sqlite3', 'sqlite3con'), ('squidconf', 'SquidConf'), ('ssp', 'Scalate Server Page'), ('stan', 'Stan'), ('swift', 'Swift'), ('swig', 'SWIG'), ('systemverilog', 'systemverilog'), ('tads3', 'TADS 3'), ('tap', 'TAP'), ('tcl', 'Tcl'), ('tcsh', 'Tcsh'), ('tcshcon', 'Tcsh Session'), ('tea', 'Tea'), ('termcap', 'Termcap'), ('terminfo', 'Terminfo'), ('terraform', 'Terraform'), ('tex', 'TeX'), ('text', 'Text only'), ('thrift', 'Thrift'), ('todotxt', 'Todotxt'), ('trac-wiki', 'MoinMoin/Trac Wiki markup'), ('treetop', 'Treetop'), ('ts', 'TypeScript'), ('turtle', 'Turtle'), ('twig', 'Twig'), ('urbiscript', 'UrbiScript'), ('vala', 'Vala'), ('vb.net', 'VB.net'), ('vctreestatus', 'VCTreeStatus'), ('velocity', 'Velocity'), ('verilog', 'verilog'), ('vgl', 'VGL'), ('vhdl', 'vhdl'), ('vim', 'VimL'), ('x10', 'X10'), ('xml', 'XML'), ('xml+cheetah', 'XML+Cheetah'), ('xml+django', 'XML+Django/Jinja'), ('xml+erb', 'XML+Ruby'), ('xml+evoque', 'XML+Evoque'), ('xml+lasso', 'XML+Lasso'), ('xml+mako', 'XML+Mako'), ('xml+myghty', 'XML+Myghty'), ('xml+php', 'XML+PHP'), ('xml+smarty', 'XML+Smarty'), ('xml+velocity', 'XML+Velocity'), ('xquery', 'XQuery'), ('xslt', 'XSLT'), ('xtend', 'Xtend'), ('xul+mozpreproc', 'XUL+mozpreproc'), ('yaml', 'YAML'), ('yaml+jinja', 'YAML+Jinja'), ('zephir', 'Zephir')], default='python')
    style = ChoiceField(choices=[('algol', 'algol'), ('algol_nu', 'algol_nu'), ('autumn', 'autumn'), ('borland', 'borland'), ('bw', 'bw'), ('colorful', 'colorful'), ('default', 'default'), ('emacs', 'emacs'), ('friendly', 'friendly'), ('fruity', 'fruity'), ('igor', 'igor'), ('lovelace', 'lovelace'), ('manni', 'manni'), ('monokai', 'monokai'), ('murphy', 'murphy'), ('native', 'native'), ('paraiso-dark', 'paraiso-dark'), ('paraiso-light', 'paraiso-light'), ('pastie', 'pastie'), ('perldoc', 'perldoc'), ('rrt', 'rrt'), ('tango', 'tango'), ('trac', 'trac'), ('vim', 'vim'), ('vs', 'vs'), ('xcode', 'xcode')], default='friendly')

View Code

It's important to remember that ModelSerializer classes don't do anything particularly magical, they are simply a shortcut for creating serializer classes:

ModelSerializer 只是model的一個快捷方式，並未加特別的功能，這點是要重點強調的。

下面來看下views是如何定義的，代碼以下：

from django.http import HttpResponse
from django.views.decorators.csrf import csrf_exempt
from rest_framework.renderers import JSONRenderer
from rest_framework.parsers import JSONParser
from snippets.models import Snippet
from snippets.serializers import SnippetSerializer

class JSONResponse(HttpResponse):
    """
    An HttpResponse that renders its content into JSON.
    """
    def __init__(self, data, **kwargs):
        content = JSONRenderer().render(data)
        kwargs['content_type'] = 'application/json'
        super(JSONResponse, self).__init__(content, **kwargs)

@csrf_exempt
def snippet_list(request):
    """
    List all code snippets, or create a new snippet.
    """
    if request.method == 'GET':
        snippets = Snippet.objects.all()
        serializer = SnippetSerializer(snippets, many=True)
        return JSONResponse(serializer.data)

    elif request.method == 'POST':
        data = JSONParser().parse(request)
        serializer = SnippetSerializer(data=data)
        if serializer.is_valid():
            serializer.save()
            return JSONResponse(serializer.data, status=201)
        return JSONResponse(serializer.errors, status=400)


@csrf_exempt
def snippet_detail(request, pk):
    """
    Retrieve, update or delete a code snippet.
    """
    try:
        snippet = Snippet.objects.get(pk=pk)
    except Snippet.DoesNotExist:
        return HttpResponse(status=404)

    if request.method == 'GET':
        serializer = SnippetSerializer(snippet)
        return JSONResponse(serializer.data)

    elif request.method == 'PUT':
        data = JSONParser().parse(request)
        serializer = SnippetSerializer(snippet, data=data)
        if serializer.is_valid():
            serializer.save()
            return JSONResponse(serializer.data)
        return JSONResponse(serializer.errors, status=400)

    elif request.method == 'DELETE':
        snippet.delete()
        return HttpResponse(status=204)

views.py

在app snippets中建立urls.py 具體以下：

from django.conf.urls import url
from snippets import views

urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^snippets/$', views.snippet_list),
    url(r'^snippets/(?P<pk>[0-9]+)/$', views.snippet_detail),
]

在project 的url中定義總的路由對應關係，具體以下：

from django.conf.urls import url, include

urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^/rest_api/', include('snippets.urls')),
]

接下來運行一下搭建好的demo，咱們能夠藉助用python寫的httpie測試，安裝方式以下：

pip install httpie

測試方法以下：

localhost:cmdb JasonWang$ http http://127.0.0.1:8000/rest_api/snippets/
HTTP/1.0 200 OK
Content-Type: application/json
Date: Fri, 11 Nov 2016 08:24:52 GMT
Server: WSGIServer/0.2 CPython/3.5.0
X-Frame-Options: SAMEORIGIN

[
    {
        "code": "foo = \"Jason\"\n",
        "id": 1,
        "language": "python",
        "linenos": false,
        "style": "friendly",
        "title": ""
    },
    {
        "code": "print \"Hello,Jason\"\n",
        "id": 2,
        "language": "python",
        "linenos": false,
        "style": "friendly",
        "title": ""
    },
    {
        "code": "print \"Hello,Jason\"",
        "id": 3,
        "language": "python",
        "linenos": false,
        "style": "friendly",
        "title": ""
    }
]

經過下面的方式也能夠測試具體snippet

localhost:cmdb JasonWang$ http http://127.0.0.1:8000/rest_api/snippets/2/
HTTP/1.0 200 OK
Content-Type: application/json
Date: Fri, 11 Nov 2016 08:28:32 GMT
Server: WSGIServer/0.2 CPython/3.5.0
X-Frame-Options: SAMEORIGIN

{
    "code": "print \"Hello,Jason\"\n",
    "id": 2,
    "language": "python",
    "linenos": false,
    "style": "friendly",
    "title": ""
}

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