轉: OVER() 系列函數介紹

OVER(PARTITION BY)函數介紹

開窗函數          
     Oracle從8.1.6開始提供分析函數,分析函數用於計算基於組的某種聚合值,它和聚合函數的不一樣之處是:對於每一個組返回多行,而聚合函數對於每一個組只返回一行。

      開窗函數指定了分析函數工做的數據窗口大小,這個數據窗口大小可能會隨着行的變化而變化,舉例以下:
1:over後的寫法:    
   over(order by salary) 按照salary排序進行累計,order by是個默認的開窗函數
   over(partition by deptno)按照部門分區html

 

   over(partition by deptno order by salary)

 

2:開窗的窗口範圍:
over(order by salary range between 5 preceding and 5 following):窗口範圍爲當前行數據幅度減5加5後的範圍內的。express

舉例:函數

 

 

--sum(s)over(order by s range between 2 preceding and 2 following) 表示加2或2的範圍內的求和ui

 select name,class,s, sum(s)over(order by s range between 2 preceding and 2 following) mm from t2
adf        3        45        45  --45加2減2即43到47,可是s在這個範圍內只有45
asdf       3        55        55
cfe        2        74        74
3dd        3        78        158 --78在76到80範圍內有78,80,求和得158
fda        1        80        158
gds        2        92        92
ffd        1        95        190
dss        1        95        190
ddd        3        99        198

gf         3        99        1983d

 

 

 

over(order by salary rows between 5 preceding and 5 following):窗口範圍爲當前行先後各移動5行。

舉例:htm

 

--sum(s)over(order by s rows between 2 preceding and 2 following)表示在上下兩行之間的範圍內
select name,class,s, sum(s)over(order by s rows between 2 preceding and 2 following) mm from t2
adf        3        45        174  (45+55+74=174)
asdf       3        55        252   (45+55+74+78=252)
cfe        2        74        332    (74+55+45+78+80=332)
3dd        3        78        379    (78+74+55+80+92=379)
fda        1        80        419
gds        2        92        440
ffd        1        95        461
dss        1        95        480
ddd        3        99        388
gf         3        99        293

 

 

over(order by salary range between unbounded preceding and unbounded following)或者
over(order by salary rows between unbounded preceding and unbounded following):窗口不作限制

 

三、與over函數結合的幾個函數介紹blog

row_number()over()、rank()over()和dense_rank()over()函數的使用

下面以班級成績表t2來講明其應用排序

t2表信息以下:
cfe        2        74
dss        1        95
ffd        1        95
fda        1        80
gds        2        92
gf         3        99
ddd        3        99
adf        3        45
asdf       3        55
3dd        3        78

select * from                                                                      
    (                                                                           
    select name,class,s,rank()over(partition by class order by s desc) mm from t2
    )                                                                           
    where mm=1;
獲得的結果是:
dss        1        95        1
ffd        1        95        1
gds        2        92        1
gf         3        99        1
ddd        3        99        1 

注意:
    1.在求第一名成績的時候,不能用row_number(),由於若是同班有兩個並列第一,row_number()只返回一個結果;
select * from                                                                      
    (                                                                           
    select name,class,s,row_number()over(partition by class order by s desc) mm from t2
    )                                                                           
    where mm=1;
1        95        1  --95有兩名可是隻顯示一個
2        92        1
3        99        1 --99有兩名但也只顯示一個

    2.rank()和dense_rank()能夠將全部的都查找出來:
如上能夠看到採用rank能夠將並列第一名的都查找出來;
     rank()和dense_rank()區別:
     --rank()是跳躍排序,有兩個第二名時接下來就是第四名;
select name,class,s,rank()over(partition by class order by s desc) mm from t2
dss        1        95        1
ffd        1        95        1
fda        1        80        3 --直接就跳到了第三
gds        2        92        1
cfe        2        74        2
gf         3        99        1
ddd        3        99        1
3dd        3        78        3
asdf       3        55        4
adf        3        45        5
     --dense_rank()l是連續排序,有兩個第二名時仍然跟着第三名
select name,class,s,dense_rank()over(partition by class order by s desc) mm from t2
dss        1        95        1
ffd        1        95        1
fda        1        80        2 --連續排序(仍爲2)
gds        2        92        1
cfe        2        74        2
gf         3        99        1
ddd        3        99        1
3dd        3        78        2
asdf       3        55        3
adf        3        45        4

--sum()over()的使用
select name,class,s, sum(s)over(partition by class order by s desc) mm from t2 --根據班級進行分數求和
dss        1        95        190  --因爲兩個95都是第一名,因此累加時是兩個第一名的相加
ffd        1        95        190 
fda        1        80        270  --第一名加上第二名的
gds        2        92        92
cfe        2        74        166
gf         3        99        198
ddd        3        99        198
3dd        3        78        276
asdf       3        55        331
adf        3        45        376

first_value() over()和last_value() over()的使用  ci



--找出這三條電路每條電路的第一條記錄類型和最後一條記錄類型it

SELECT opr_id,res_type,
       first_value(res_type) over(PARTITION BY opr_id ORDER BY res_type) low,
       last_value(res_type) over(PARTITION BY opr_id ORDER BY res_type rows BETWEEN unbounded preceding AND unbounded following) high
  FROM rm_circuit_route
WHERE opr_id IN ('000100190000000000021311','000100190000000000021355','000100190000000000021339')
 ORDER BY opr_id;

 

注:rows BETWEEN unbounded preceding AND unbounded following 的使用

--取last_value時不使用rows BETWEEN unbounded preceding AND unbounded following的結果

 

SELECT opr_id,res_type,
       first_value(res_type) over(PARTITION BY opr_id ORDER BY res_type) low,
       last_value(res_type) over(PARTITION BY opr_id ORDER BY res_type) high
  FROM rm_circuit_route
 WHERE opr_id IN ('000100190000000000021311','000100190000000000021355','000100190000000000021339')
 ORDER BY opr_id;

以下圖能夠看到,若是不使用

rows BETWEEN unbounded preceding AND unbounded following,取出的last_value因爲與res_type進行進行排列,所以取出的電路的最後一行記錄的類型就不是按照電路的範圍提取了,而是以res_type爲範圍進行提取了。

 

 

 

 

 

在first_value和last_value中ignore nulls的使用
數據以下:

 

 

取出該電路的第一條記錄,加上ignore nulls後,若是第一條是判斷的那個字段是空的,則默認取下一條,結果以下所示:

 

 

--lag() over()函數用法(取出前n行數據)
lag(expresstion,<offset>,<default>)
with a as 
(select 1 id,'a' name from dual
 union
 select 2 id,'b' name from dual
 union
 select 3 id,'c' name from dual
 union
 select 4 id,'d' name from dual
 union
 select 5 id,'e' name from dual

select id,name,lag(id,1,'')over(order by name) from a;

--lead() over()函數用法(取出後N行數據)

lead(expresstion,<offset>,<default>)
with a as 
(select 1 id,'a' name from dual
 union
 select 2 id,'b' name from dual
 union
 select 3 id,'c' name from dual
 union
 select 4 id,'d' name from dual
 union
 select 5 id,'e' name from dual

select id,name,lead(id,1,'')over(order by name) from a;

--ratio_to_report(a)函數用法 Ratio_to_report() 括號中就是分子,over() 括號中就是分母
with a as (select 1 a from dual
           union all
select 1 a from dual
           union  all
select 1 a from dual
           union all
select 2 a from dual
           union all 
select 3 a from dual
           union all
select 4 a from dual
           union all
select 4 a from dual
           union all
select 5 a from dual
           )
select a, ratio_to_report(a)over(partition by a) b from a 
order by a; 

with a as (select 1 a from dual
           union all
select 1 a from dual
           union  all
select 1 a from dual
           union all
select 2 a from dual
           union all 
select 3 a from dual
           union all
select 4 a from dual
           union all
select 4 a from dual
           union all
select 5 a from dual
           )
select a, ratio_to_report(a)over() b from a --分母缺省就是整個佔比
order by a; 

with a as (select 1 a from dual
           union all
select 1 a from dual
           union  all
select 1 a from dual
           union all
select 2 a from dual
           union all 
select 3 a from dual
           union all
select 4 a from dual
           union all
select 4 a from dual
           union all
select 5 a from dual
           )
select a, ratio_to_report(a)over() b from a
group by a order by a;--分組後的佔比

 

--轉自:https://www.cnblogs.com/yyhxqx/p/4795296.html

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