CMAKE修改VS大總結
一. 約定
這個段落用來描述文章中使用特殊字體，樣式的場景。c++
CMAKE文件內容程序員
重要內容windows
連接app
不適用或者理論上能夠，可是實際不行工具
須要後續更新的內容oop
二. 簡單介紹
cmake(http://www.cmake.org/)的介紹，能夠Google。學習
接觸C++項目的人都知道，如今存在不少組織源代碼進行編譯的工具，windows平臺下的nmake，visual studio（不一樣版本的sln project文件）以及Eclipse的CDT。cmake所處的位置，更像是這些已有工具的管理工具，它能夠根據cmakelists文件來生成相應的makefile，project文件等等。字體
使用cmake的好處有不少。編寫一次配置文件，就能夠在不一樣的開發平臺，不一樣的編譯環境下使用。強大的定製功能，彌補不少工具自身的不足。自動化管理依賴，節省開發人員的時間和編譯時間。等等。ui
固然也有他的不足。每個工具都是有本身的侷限性。學習曲線比較陡峭。編譯過程變的稍微複雜，須要首先生成中間格式的文件，而後才能編譯生成最終的文件。學習資料不多很散。this
有好處有壞處，須要的就是權衡。在我看來，cmake提供的功能比較誘人，將代碼的配置信息與build環境剝離。這樣作爲程序員提供了很大的靈活性。
下載安裝都很簡單，直接到cmake的主頁上下載安裝包，按提示操做。
三. 文件目錄結構
在每一層目錄下建立一個cmakelists.txt的文件，父目錄的cmakelists文件能夠指定包含的子目錄，子目錄的cmakelists則管理該目錄下全部的sourcecode。目錄能夠多層嵌套，組織比較靈活，可是不建議目錄層數太深。
Dir Helloworld The project
| File cmakelists.txt The project main cmakelists.txt, which should define the whole project’s properties and include sub dir
| Dir HelloworldTest The app dir, which contains the main function
| | File cmakelists.txt The app cmakelists.txt, which defines all the source files, compiler flags and link flags.
| | File main.cpp The cpp file
| Dir Hellowould The library dir
| | File cmakelists.txt The library cmakelists.txt, which should define all source files and build flags
| | File helloworld.h header file
| | File helloworld.cpp cpp file
從上邊的目錄結構能夠看出，每一層目錄下邊都有一個cmakelists.txt。
文件內容：
Helloworld/cmakelists.txt
CMAKE_MINIMUM_REQUIRED( VERSION 2.8 )
project( Helloworld )
set( CMAKE_EXE_LINKER_FLAGS "${CMAKE_EXE_LINKER_FLAGS} /machine:x86" )
add_subdirectory( Helloworld )
add_subdirectory( Helloworldtest )
Helloworld/Helloworld/cmakelists.txt
CMAKE_MINIMUM_REQUIRED( VERSION 2.8 )
set( HelloWorldSrc helloworld.cpp helloworld.h )
add_library( Helloworld STATIC ${HelloWorldSrc} )
Helloworld/HelloworldTest/cmakelists.txt
CMAKE_MINIMUM_REQUIRED( VERSION 2.8 )
set( HelloWorldTestSrc main.cpp)
include_directories( "${Helloworld_SOURCE_DIR}/Helloworld" )
add_executable( HelloworldTest ${HelloWorldTestSrc} )
target_link_libraries(HelloworldTest Helloworld )
add_dependencies( HelloworldTest Helloworld )
以上是最簡單的cmake應用，使用了很基礎的cmake命令，這裏簡單描述一下：
cmake_minimum_required( VERSION 2.8 ) ：表示當前cmakelists文件要求cmake版本最低爲2.8
project( Helloworld ) ：整個項目的名字，在咱們的項目中，Helloworld。這個在visual studio中對應solution的名字。
set( NAME VAL1 VAL2 ) ：設置變量NAME，值爲VAL1;VAL2的列表。CMAKE中列表使用;分隔。若是須要空格分隔的結果，能夠用雙引號轉換。
include_directories()：包含一個目錄
add_executable(): 增長一個編譯單元，目標文件爲可執行文件，在windows上則爲exe文件。
add_library()：添加一個編譯單元，目標文件爲庫。
以上命令的詳細解釋，能夠參考cmake的幫助文檔。
四。外部庫的引入
全部源文件都存放在一個目錄下的項目，現實生活中這樣的狀況並很少見。最常常見到的情形是，咱們本身的項目A，依賴於第三方庫B, C, D。這裏的第三方庫包含相似於boost這樣的公共庫，也包含咱們本身編寫的獨立庫。
未完
附錄：Visual Studio屬性與對應cmakelists實現方法：
注意：此附錄僅爲beta版本，有些條目是推導出來的。
| Visual Studio | Cmake | ||
| Project Reference | add_dependencies() | ||
| General/Output Directory | |||
| Debugging/Working Directory | CMAKE can’t set this value, because the info not stored in project file but some intermedia file generated by visual studio | ||
| c/c++ | General | Additional Include Directories | include_directories() |
| Resolve #using References | Don’t know | ||
| Debug Information Format | CMAKE FAQ set(CMAKE_C_FLAGS_DEBUG_INIT "/D_DEBUG /MTd /Zi /Ob0 /Od /RTC1") set(CMAKE_C_FLAGS_MINSIZEREL_INIT "/MT /O1 /Ob1 /D NDEBUG") set(CMAKE_C_FLAGS_RELEASE_INIT "/MT /O2 /Ob2 /D NDEBUG") set(CMAKE_C_FLAGS_RELWITHDEBINFO_INIT "/MT /Zi /O2 /Ob1 /D NDEBUG") Change the default flags for specific config. |
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| Common language runtime support | set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS 「/clr」) set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS 「/clr:pure」) set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS 「/clr:safe」) set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS 「/clr:oldSynax」) |
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| Suppress Startup Banner | set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS 「/nologo」 ) | ||
| Warning Level | set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS 「/W0」 ) set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS 「/W1」 ) set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS 「/W2」 ) set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS 「/W3」 ) set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS "/W4" ) set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS 「/Wall」 ) |
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| Treat Warnings As Errors | set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS 「/WX-" ) #No set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS 「/WX" ) #Yes |
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| Multi-processor Compilation | set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS 「/MP" ) #Yes #Don’t set means No |
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| Use Unicode For Assembler Listing | set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS 「/FAu" ) #yes #Don’t set means no |
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| Optimization | Optimization | set(CMAKE_C_FLAGS_DEBUG_INIT "/D_DEBUG /MTd /Zi /Ob0 /Od /RTC1") set(CMAKE_C_FLAGS_MINSIZEREL_INIT "/MT /O1 /Ob1 /D NDEBUG") set(CMAKE_C_FLAGS_RELEASE_INIT "/MT /O2 /Ob2 /D NDEBUG") set(CMAKE_C_FLAGS_RELWITHDEBINFO_INIT "/MT /Zi /O2 /Ob1 /D NDEBUG") Change the default flags for specific config. |
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| Inline Function Expansion | set(CMAKE_C_FLAGS_DEBUG_INIT "/D_DEBUG /MTd /Zi /Ob0 /Od /RTC1") set(CMAKE_C_FLAGS_MINSIZEREL_INIT "/MT /O1 /Ob1 /D NDEBUG") set(CMAKE_C_FLAGS_RELEASE_INIT "/MT /O2 /Ob2 /D NDEBUG") set(CMAKE_C_FLAGS_RELWITHDEBINFO_INIT "/MT /Zi /O2 /Ob1 /D NDEBUG") Change the default flags for specific config. |
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| Enable Intrinsic Functions | set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS 「/Oi" ) #yes #Don’t set means no |
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| Favor Size or Speed | set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS 「/Os" ) #size set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS 「/Ot" ) #speed #Don’t set means neither |
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| Omit Frame Pointers | set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS 「/Oy-" ) #no set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS 「/Oy" ) #yes |
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| Enable Fiber-safe Optimizations | set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS 「/GT" ) #yes #not setting means no |
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| Whole Program Optimization | set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS 「/GL" ) #yes #not setting means no |
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| Preprocessor | Preprocessor Definitions | set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_DEFINITIONS DEFNAME=DEFVAL ) set_source_files_properties( filename.cpp PROPERTIES COMPILE_DEFINITIONS DEFNAME=DEFVAL ) |
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| Undefine Preprocessor Definitions | set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS 「/UDEFNAME" ) | ||
| Undefine All Preprocessor Definitions | set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS 「/u" ) | ||
| Ignore Standard Include Path | set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS 「/X" ) | ||
| Preprocess to a File | set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS 「/P" ) | ||
| Preprocess Suppress Line Numbers | set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS 「/EP" ) | ||
| Keep Comments | set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS 「/C" ) | ||
| Code Generation | Enable String Pooling | set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS 「/GF" ) #yes set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS 「/GF-" ) #no |
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| Enable Minimum Rebuild | set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS 「/Gm" ) #yes set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS 「/Gm-" )#no |
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| Enable C++ Exceptions | set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS 「/EHsc" ) #yes set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS 「/EHa" ) #yes, with SEH exceptions set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS 「/EHs" ) #yes, with extern C functions #not setting means no |
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| Smaller Type Check | set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS 「/RTCc" ) #yes #not setting means no |
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| Basic Runtime Checks | set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS 「/RTCs" ) #Stack frame check set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS 「/RTCu" ) #Uninitialized Variable set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS 「/TRC1" ) #Both #not setting means no |
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| Runtime Library | CMAKE FAQ set(CMAKE_C_FLAGS_DEBUG_INIT "/D_DEBUG /MTd /Zi /Ob0 /Od /RTC1") set(CMAKE_C_FLAGS_MINSIZEREL_INIT "/MT /O1 /Ob1 /D NDEBUG") set(CMAKE_C_FLAGS_RELEASE_INIT "/MT /O2 /Ob2 /D NDEBUG") set(CMAKE_C_FLAGS_RELWITHDEBINFO_INIT "/MT /Zi /O2 /Ob1 /D NDEBUG") Change the default flags for specific config. |
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| Struct Member Alignment | set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS 「/Zp1" ) set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS 「/Zp2" ) set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS 「/Zp4" ) set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS 「/Zp8" )set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS 「/Zp16" ) |
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| Buffer Security Check | set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS 「/GS" ) #yes set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS 「/GS-" ) #no |
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| Enable Function-Level Linking | set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS 「/Gy" ) #yes set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS 「/Gy-" ) #no |
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| Enable Enhaunced Instruction Set | set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS 「/arch:SSE" ) set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS 「/arch:SSE2" ) |
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| Floating Point Model | set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS 「/fp:precise" ) set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS 「/fp:strict" ) set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS 「/fp:fast" ) |
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| Enable Floating Point Exceptions | set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS 「/fp:except" ) | ||
| Create Hotpatchable Image | set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS 「/hotpatch" ) | ||
| Language | Disable Language Extensions | set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS 「/Za" ) | |
| Treat Wchar_t As Built in Type | set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS 「/Zc:wchar_t" )#yes set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS 「/Zc:wchar_t-" ) #no |
||
| Force Conformance in For Loop Scope | |||
| Enable Run-Time Type Information | set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS 「/GR" ) #yes set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS 「/GR-" ) #no |
||
| Open MP Support | set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS 「/openmp" )#yes set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS 「/openmp-" )#no |
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| PreCompiled Header | PreCompiled Header | set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS "/Yc" ) #create set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS "/Yu" ) #use #not setting means no |
|
| PreCompiled Header File | set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS "/Ycstdafx.h" ) set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS "/Yustdafx.h" ) |
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| Precompiled Header output File | set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS "/FpPathAndName.pch" ) | ||
| Output Files | Expand Attributed Source | set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS "/Fx" ) | |
| Assembler Output | set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS "/FA" ) set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS "/FAc" ) set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS "/FAs" ) set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS "/FAcs" ) #not setting means no list |
||
| ASM List Location | set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS "/FaDebug" ) | ||
| Object File name | set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS "/FoName.obj" ) | ||
| Program DataBase File Name | set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS "/FdC:/Debug/good.pdb" ) | ||
| Generate XML Documentation Files | set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS "/doc" ) | ||
| XML Documentation Filename | set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS "/docDocument.xml" ) | ||
| Browse Information | Enable Browse Information | set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS "/FR" ) | |
| Browse Information File | set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS "/FRfilename" ) | ||
| Advanced | Calling Convention | set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS "/Gd" ) #_cdecl set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS "/Gr" ) #_fastcall set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS "/Gz" ) #_stdcall |
|
| Compile As | set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES LINKER_LANGUAGE "CXX" ) #C++ set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES LINKER_LANGUAGE "C" ) #C or set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS "/TP" ) #CXX set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS "/TC" ) #C |
||
| Disable Specific Warnings | set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS "/wd4710" ) | ||
| Forced Include File | set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS "/FIinclude.h" ) | ||
| Forced #using File | set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS "/FUname" ) | ||
| Show Includes | set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS "/showIncludes" ) | ||
| Use full Paths | set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS "/FC" ) | ||
| Omit Default Library name | set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS "/ZI" ) | ||
| Internal Compiler Error Reporting | set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS "/errorReport:queue" ) set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS "/errorReport:none" ) set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS "/errorReport:prompt" ) set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS "/errorReport:send" ) |
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| Treat Specific Warnings as Errors | Don't know | ||
| Linker | General | Output File | #normal case set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES OUTPUT_NAME "Helloworld" ) set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES PREFIX "lib" ) set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES SUFFIX "lib" ) #for debug version set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES DEBUG_OUTPUT_NAME "Helloworld" ) set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES DEBUG_PREFIX "lib" ) set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES DEBUG_SUFFIX "lib" ) #For dlls set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES OUTPUT_NAME "Helloworld" ) set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES IMPORT_PREFIX "lib" ) set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES IMPORT_SUFFIX "lib" ) set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES PREFIX "bin" ) set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES SUFFIX "dll" ) #output path |
| Show Progress | set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES LINK_FLAGS "/VERBOSE" ) set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES LINK_FLAGS "/VERBOSE:Lib" ) set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES LINK_FLAGS "/VERBOSE:ICF" ) set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES LINK_FLAGS "/VERBOSE:REF" ) set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES LINK_FLAGS "/VERBOSE:SAFESEH" ) set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES LINK_FLAGS "/VERBOSE:CLR" ) #not setting means no |
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| Version | set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES VERSION 0.1.2.3) | ||
| Enable Incremental Linking | set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES LINK_FLAGS "/INCREMENTAL" ) set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES LINK_FLAGS "/INCREMENTAL:NO" ) set( CMAKE_EXE_LINKER_FLAGS_DEBUG "/INCREMENTAL" ) set( CMAKE_EXE_LINKER_FLAGS_DEBUG "/INCREMENTAL:NO" ) |
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| Suppress Startup Banner | set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES LINK_FLAGS "/NOLOGO" ) | ||
| Ignore Import Library | Don't know | ||
| Register Output | Don't know | ||
| Per-user Redirection | Don't know | ||
| Additional Library Directories | link_directories( dir1 dir2 ) set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES LINK_FLAGS "/LIBPATH:dir1 /LIBPATH:dir2" ) |
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| Link Library Dependencies | Don't know | ||
| Use Library Dependency Inputs | Don't know | ||
| Link Status | set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES LINK_FLAGS "/LTCG:STATUS" ) set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES LINK_FLAGS "/LTCG:NOSTATUS" ) |
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| Prevent DLL Binding | set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES LINK_FLAGS "/ALLOWBIND:NO" ) set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES LINK_FLAGS "/ALLOWBIND:YES" ) |
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| Treat Linker Warnings As Errors | set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES LINK_FLAGS "/WX" ) | ||
| Force File Output | set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES LINK_FLAGS "/FORCE" ) | ||
| Create Hot Patchable Image | set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES LINK_FLAGS "/FUNCTIONPADMIN" ) set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES LINK_FLAGS "/FUNCTIONPADMIN:16" ) #Itanium only set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES LINK_FLAGS "/FUNCTIONPADMIN:6" ) #x64 only set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES LINK_FLAGS "/FUNCTIONPADMIN:5" ) #x86 only |
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| Specify Section Attributes | Don't know | ||
| Input | Additional Dependancies | target_link_libraries( target item1 item2 ) | |
| Ignore All Default Libraries | set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES LINK_FLAGS "/NODEFAULTLIB" ) | ||
| Put files into folders | source_group( header FILES includeme.h ) | ||
結論：CMAKE默認會修改的選項有時候是沒有辦法再次修改的。CMAKE默認不修改的選項大部分狀況均可以本身定義。
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