ViewPager之Fragment頁面切換

時間 2019-11-12

標籤 viewpager fragment 頁面切換欄目 Android 简体版

原文原文鏈接

1、概述html

ViewPager是android-support-v4中提供的類，它是一個容器類，經常使用於頁面之間的切換。java

繼上篇文章《ViewPager之引導頁》以後，本文主要介紹ViewPager更爲通用的實踐：ViewPager搭配Fragment實現頁面切換。android

這種實現方式相對於上篇文章而言，能夠更好的支持不一樣頁面各自的複雜邏輯，與此同時，也可以保障頁面之間的耦合度儘量的低。app

按照慣例，先曬出效果圖：框架

2、實現思路ide

首先分析一下不一樣區域的交互需求：佈局

中間灰色區域除了要支持三套徹底不一樣的邏輯以外，還要支持左右滑動切換。而頂部ActionBar和底部Tab切換都只須要更新狀態，無需總體變換，也不須要總體滑動；post

所以，中間灰色區域用ViewPager實現，它包含三個Fragment子頁面。而頂部ActionBar和底部Tab切換各自是一個Fragment，直接隸屬於Activity。動畫

而後解決不一樣Fragment之間的依賴關係：spa

五個Fragment之間溝通的惟一紐帶就是ViewPager頁面的切換，所以，ViewPager頁面切換時通知到不一樣的Fragment便可。

[轉載請保留本文地址：http://www.cnblogs.com/snser/p/5700754.html]

3、開始幹活

3.1 搭建總體框架

本文的五個Fragment採用三種方式載入：

ViewPager中的三個Fragment天然是經過其Adatper進行載入，頂部的TitleFragment(ActionBar)直接聲明在layout佈局中，而底部的TabFragment採用動態載入。

這樣作的目的是方便後續分析不一樣載入方式的實際載入實際。

ok，總體的layout佈局天然也就成了下面的樣子：

viewpager_fragment.xml(activity的佈局)：

 1 <RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
 2     xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
 3     android:layout_width="match_parent"
 4     android:layout_height="match_parent"
 5     android:background="@color/background_default"
 6     tools:context="${relativePackage}.${activityClass}" >
 7     
 8     <fragment
 9         android:id="@+id/viewpager_fragment_title"
10         android:name="cc.snser.cnblog5700754.TitleFragment"
11         android:layout_width="match_parent"
12         android:layout_height="wrap_content"
13         android:layout_alignParentTop="true" />
14 
15     <android.support.v4.view.ViewPager
16         android:id="@+id/viewpager_fragment_pager"
17         android:layout_width="match_parent"
18         android:layout_height="match_parent"
19         android:layout_above="@+id/viewpager_fragment_container"
20         android:layout_below="@+id/viewpager_fragment_title" />
21     
22     <FrameLayout
23         android:id="@id/viewpager_fragment_container"
24         android:layout_width="match_parent"
25         android:layout_height="wrap_content"
26         android:layout_alignParentBottom="true" >
27     </FrameLayout>
28     
29 </RelativeLayout>

對應的，主界面的邏輯以下：

ViewPagerFragmentActivity.java：

  1 public class ViewPagerFragmentActivity extends FragmentActivity {
  2     private FragmentManager mManager = getSupportFragmentManager();
  3     
  4     private TitleFragment mTitleFragment;
  5     private TabFragment mTabFragment;
  6     private ViewPager mPager;
  7     
  8     private ViewPagerAdapter mAdapter;
  9     
 10     private static final int DEFAULT_PAGE = 1; //默認頁面
 11     
 12     @Override
 13     protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
 14         Log.d("Snser", "ViewPagerFragmentActivity onCreate");
 15         super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
 16         Log.d("Snser", "ViewPagerFragmentActivity onCreate setContentView");
 17         setContentView(R.layout.viewpager_fragment);
 18         Log.d("Snser", "ViewPagerFragmentActivity onCreate initView");
 19         initView();
 20     }
 21     
 22     private void initView() {
 23         mTitleFragment = (TitleFragment)mManager.findFragmentById(R.id.viewpager_fragment_title);
 24         mTabFragment = new TabFragment();
 25         mTabFragment.setOnTabClickListenser(new ViewPageTabClickListenser());
 26         mManager.beginTransaction().replace(R.id.viewpager_fragment_container, mTabFragment).commit();
 27         mPager = (ViewPager)findViewById(R.id.viewpager_fragment_pager);
 28         mPager.setAdapter(mAdapter = new ViewPagerAdapter(mManager));
 29         mPager.setOnPageChangeListener(new ViewPageChangeListener());
 30         setCurrentItem(DEFAULT_PAGE);
 31     }
 32     
 33     @Override
 34     protected void onResume() {
 35         Log.d("Snser", "ViewPagerFragmentActivity onResume");
 36         super.onResume();
 37     }
 38     
 39     private class ViewPageChangeListener implements OnPageChangeListener {
 40         @Override
 41         public void onPageSelected(int position) {
 42             setCurrentItem(position);
 43         }
 44         
 45         @Override
 46         public void onPageScrolled(int position, float positionOffset, int positionOffsetPixels) {
 47         }
 48         
 49         @Override
 50         public void onPageScrollStateChanged(int state) {
 51         }
 52     }
 53     
 54     private class ViewPagerAdapter extends FragmentPagerAdapter {
 55         private ArrayList<PagerFragment> mFragments = new ArrayList<PagerFragment>();
 56         
 57         public ViewPagerAdapter(FragmentManager fm) {
 58             super(fm);
 59             mFragments.add(new ClickFragment());
 60             mFragments.add(new DateFragment());
 61             mFragments.add(new AnimFragment());
 62         }
 63 
 64         @Override
 65         public Fragment getItem(int position) {
 66             return mFragments.get(position);
 67         }
 68 
 69         @Override
 70         public int getCount() {
 71             return mFragments.size();
 72         }
 73     }
 74     
 75     private class ViewPageTabClickListenser implements OnTabClickListenser {
 76         @Override
 77         public void onTabClick(int tab) {
 78             setCurrentItem(tab);
 79         }
 80     }
 81        
 82     private void setCurrentItem(int item) {
 83         if (item == mPager.getCurrentItem()) {
 84             //此時是源於initView或onPageSelected的調用
 85             notifyPageChangeToFragments(item);
 86         } else {
 87             //此時是源於initView或onTabClick的調用，後續會自動觸發一次onPageSelected
 88             mPager.setCurrentItem(item);
 89         }
 90     }
 91     
 92     private void notifyPageChangeToFragments(int item) {
 93         for (int page = 0; page != mAdapter.getCount(); ++page) {
 94             final Fragment fragment = mAdapter.getItem(page);
 95             if (fragment instanceof PagerFragment) {
 96                 if (page == item) {
 97                     ((PagerFragment)fragment).onPageIn();
 98                 } else {
 99                     ((PagerFragment)fragment).onPageOut();
100                 }
101             }
102         }
103         mTitleFragment.setCurrentTab(item);
104         mTabFragment.setCurrentTab(item);
105     }
106 }

能夠看到，包含三種徹底不一樣功能的Activity，其主界面代碼竟然只有區區106行，這甚至比上篇文章《ViewPager之引導頁》還要少。

這必需要歸功於Fragment的使用。

三個頁面的具體邏輯分別由DateFragment、ClickFragment、AnimFragment進行維護，而ViewPager要作的，只是進行Fragment的切換和通知。

具體來講，ViewPagerAdapter負責根據不一樣的postion取出不一樣的Fragment。而三個頁面Fragment都繼承自PagerFragment：

PagerFragment.java：

1 public class PagerFragment extends Fragment{
2     
3     public void onPageIn() {
4     }
5     
6     public void onPageOut() {
7     }
8     
9 }

亦即在頁面切換的時候（無論是來自滑動仍是點擊tab），activity都會通知三個fragment它們各自是否可見。

同時，在 notifyPageChangeToFragments 方法中，也會通知TitleFragment和TabFragment，它們該切換狀態了。

3.2 Fragment的各自實現

拿AnimFragment舉例，這個動畫Fragment的功能是在其切入（onPageIn）的時候播放淡入的動畫，而在其切出（onPageOut）的時候銷燬動畫。

 1 public class AnimFragment extends PagerFragment {
 2     private View mViewRoot;
 3     private ImageView mImg;
 4     
 5     private Animation mAnim;
 6     
 7     @Override
 8     public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container, Bundle savedInstanceState) {
 9         Log.d("Snser", "AnimFragment onCreateView");
10         mViewRoot = inflater.inflate(R.layout.viewpager_fragment_anim, container, false);
11         mAnim = AnimationUtils.loadAnimation(getActivity(), R.anim.anim_fade_in);
12         mAnim.setInterpolator(new LinearInterpolator());
13         initView(mViewRoot);
14         return mViewRoot;
15     }
16     
17     private void initView(View root) {
18         mImg = (ImageView)root.findViewById(R.id.viewpager_fragment_anim_img);
19         startAnim();
20     }
21     
22     @Override
23     public void onDestroy() {
24         super.onDestroy();
25         stopAnim();
26     }
27     
28     @Override
29     public void onPageIn() {
30         super.onPageIn();
31         startAnim();
32     }
33     
34     @Override
35     public void onPageOut() {
36         super.onPageOut();
37         stopAnim();
38     }
39     
40     private void startAnim() {
41         if (mImg != null && mAnim != null) {
42             mImg.startAnimation(mAnim);
43         }
44     }
45     
46     private void stopAnim() {
47         if (mImg != null && mAnim != null) {
48             mImg.clearAnimation();
49         }
50     }
51     
52 }

DateFragment的做用是在切入的時候刷新當前日期和時間：

DateFragment.java：

 1 public class DateFragment extends PagerFragment {
 2 
 3     private View mViewRoot;
 4     private TextView mTxtDate;
 5     
 6     private SimpleDateFormat mFormat = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy/MM/dd\nHH:mm:ss", Locale.CHINA);
 7     
 8     @Override
 9     public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container, Bundle savedInstanceState) {
10         Log.d("Snser", "DateFragment onCreateView");
11         mViewRoot = inflater.inflate(R.layout.viewpager_fragment_date, container, false);
12         initView(mViewRoot);
13         return mViewRoot;
14     }
15     
16     @Override
17     public void onPageIn() {
18         super.onPageIn();
19         refreshDate();
20     }
21     
22     private void initView(View root) {
23         mTxtDate = (TextView)root.findViewById(R.id.viewpager_fragment_date_txt);
24         refreshDate();
25     }
26     
27     private void refreshDate() {
28         if (mTxtDate != null) {
29             mTxtDate.setText(mFormat.format(new Date()));
30         }
31     }
32     
33 }

View Code

ClickFragment則搞定了一個屢次連續點擊「中彩蛋」的效果：

ClickFragment.java：

 1 public class ClickFragment extends PagerFragment {
 2     private View mViewRoot;
 3     private Button mBtnClick;
 4     
 5     @Override
 6     public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container, Bundle savedInstanceState) {
 7         Log.d("Snser", "ClickFragment onCreateView");
 8         mViewRoot = inflater.inflate(R.layout.viewpager_fragment_click, container, false);
 9         initView(mViewRoot);
10         return mViewRoot;
11     }
12     
13     private void initView(View root) {
14         mBtnClick = (Button)root.findViewById(R.id.viewpager_fragment_click_btn);
15         mBtnClick.setOnClickListener(new MultiClickListener());
16     }
17     
18     private static class MultiClickListener implements View.OnClickListener {
19         private int mCount = 0;
20         private long mLastClickTime = 0;
21         
22         private static final long MAX_CLICK_COUNT = 4;
23         private static final long TIMEOUT_CLICK = 500;
24         private static final int MSG_TIMEOUT_CLICK = 0x1001;
25         
26         private static Handler sHandler = new Handler() {
27             @Override
28             public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
29                 if (msg.what == MSG_TIMEOUT_CLICK && msg.obj instanceof Button) {
30                     Log.d("Snser", "MultiClickListener 連續點擊超時");
31                     ((Button)msg.obj).setText("點我");
32                 }
33             }
34         };
35         
36         @Override
37         public void onClick(View v) {
38             if (v instanceof Button) {
39                 final long time = System.currentTimeMillis();
40                 if (mCount == 0 || time - mLastClickTime < TIMEOUT_CLICK) {
41                     //這是連續點擊
42                     Log.d("Snser", "MultiClickListener 連續點擊 mCount=" + (mCount + 1));
43                     ++mCount;
44                     mLastClickTime = time;
45                     sHandler.removeMessages(MSG_TIMEOUT_CLICK);
46                     sHandler.sendMessageDelayed(Message.obtain(sHandler, MSG_TIMEOUT_CLICK, v), TIMEOUT_CLICK);
47                     if (mCount < MAX_CLICK_COUNT) {
48                         ((Button)v).setText("點我   +" + mCount);
49                     } else {
50                         ((Button)v).setText("死機了！");
51                     }
52                 } else {
53                     //這是新的點擊
54                     Log.d("Snser", "MultiClickListener 新的點擊 mCount=0");
55                     mCount = 0;
56                     onClick(v);
57                 }
58             }
59         }
60     }
61     
62 }

View Code

除了頁面Fragment以外，TabFragment和TitleFragment都會在 setCurrentTab 方法中更新本身的狀態。

不一樣的是，TabFragment會將點擊tab的事件經過 OnTabClickListenser 反饋給activity：

 1 public class TabFragment extends Fragment {
 2     private View mRootView;
 3     
 4     private TextView mTxtTabApp;
 5     private TextView mTxtTabHome;
 6     private TextView mTxtTabUser;
 7     
 8     private OnTabClickInternalListener mTabClickInternalListener = new OnTabClickInternalListener();
 9     private OnTabClickListenser mOnTabClickListenser;
10     
11     private int mDefaultTab = 0;
12     private int mCurrentTab = -1;
13     
14     @Override
15     public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container, Bundle savedInstanceState) {
16         Log.d("Snser", "TabFragment onCreateView");
17         mRootView = inflater.inflate(R.layout.viewpager_fragment_tab, container, false);
18         initView(mRootView);
19         return mRootView;
20     }
21     
22     private void initView(View root) {
23         mTxtTabApp = (TextView)root.findViewById(R.id.viewpager_fragment_tab_app);
24         mTxtTabApp.setTag(Integer.valueOf(0));
25         mTxtTabApp.setOnClickListener(mTabClickInternalListener);
26         mTxtTabHome = (TextView)root.findViewById(R.id.viewpager_fragment_tab_home);
27         mTxtTabHome.setTag(Integer.valueOf(1));
28         mTxtTabHome.setOnClickListener(mTabClickInternalListener);
29         mTxtTabUser = (TextView)root.findViewById(R.id.viewpager_fragment_tab_user);
30         mTxtTabUser.setTag(Integer.valueOf(2));
31         mTxtTabUser.setOnClickListener(mTabClickInternalListener);
32         setCurrentTab(mDefaultTab);
33     }
34     
35     public interface OnTabClickListenser {
36         public void onTabClick(int tab);
37     }
38     
39     private class OnTabClickInternalListener implements View.OnClickListener {
40         @Override
41         public void onClick(View v) {
42             if (v != null && v.getTag() instanceof Integer) {
43                 final int tab = (Integer)v.getTag();
44                 if (tab != mCurrentTab && mOnTabClickListenser != null) {
45                     setCurrentTab(tab);
46                     mOnTabClickListenser.onTabClick(tab);
47                 }
48             }
49         }
50     }
51     
52     public void setOnTabClickListenser(OnTabClickListenser listenser) {
53         mOnTabClickListenser = listenser;
54     }
55     
56     public void setCurrentTab(int tab) {
57         if (mTxtTabApp != null && mTxtTabHome != null && mTxtTabUser != null) {
58             mCurrentTab = tab;
59             mTxtTabApp.setTextColor(getResources().getColor(R.color.viewpager_fragment_tab_normal));
60             mTxtTabHome.setTextColor(getResources().getColor(R.color.viewpager_fragment_tab_normal));
61             mTxtTabUser.setTextColor(getResources().getColor(R.color.viewpager_fragment_tab_normal));
62             switch (tab) {
63                 case 0:
64                     mTxtTabApp.setTextColor(getResources().getColor(R.color.viewpager_fragment_tab_current));
65                     break;
66                 case 1:
67                     mTxtTabHome.setTextColor(getResources().getColor(R.color.viewpager_fragment_tab_current));
68                     break;
69                 case 2:
70                     mTxtTabUser.setTextColor(getResources().getColor(R.color.viewpager_fragment_tab_current));
71                     break;
72                 default:
73                     break;
74             }
75         } else {
76             //TabFragment在Activity的onResume以後纔會onCreateView
77             //setCurrentTab的時候控件還沒初始化，存一下初始值在initView裏再初始化
78             mDefaultTab = tab;
79         }
80     }
81 }

 1 public class TitleFragment extends Fragment {
 2     private View mRootView;
 3     private TextView mTxt;
 4     
 5     @Override
 6     public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container, Bundle savedInstanceState) {
 7         Log.d("Snser", "TitleFragment onCreateView");
 8         mRootView = inflater.inflate(R.layout.viewpager_fragment_title, container, false);
 9         initView(mRootView);
10         return mRootView;
11     }
12     
13     private void initView(View root) {
14         mTxt = (TextView)root.findViewById(R.id.viewpager_fragment_title_txt);
15     }
16     
17     public void setCurrentTab(int tab) {
18         if (mTxt != null) {
19             switch (tab) {
20                 case 0:
21                     mTxt.setText("#ClickFragment");
22                     break;
23                 case 1:
24                     mTxt.setText("#DateFragment");
25                     break;
26                 case 2:
27                     mTxt.setText("#AnimFragment");
28                     break;
29                 default:
30                     break;
31             }
32         }
33     }
34 }

3.3 Fragment的加載順序

迴歸到3.1節中介紹到本文采用三種方式進行Fragment的載入，目的就是爲了比較不一樣方式下Fragment的加載時機。

在 DEFAULT_PAGE = 1 時，各個Fragment的加載順序爲：

//          ViewPagerFragmentActivity onCreate
//          ViewPagerFragmentActivity onCreate setContentView
//          TitleFragment onCreateView (聲明在layout佈局中的Fragment在setContentView以後就會被加載)
//          ViewPagerFragmentActivity onCreate initView
//          TabFragment onCreateView (動態replace的Fragment在replace以後、onResume以前被加載)
//          ViewPagerFragmentActivity onResume
//          DateFragment onCreateView (ViewPager最早加載默認頁)
//          ClickFragment onCreateView (ViewPager默認頁左邊的頁面會被預加載)
//          AnimFragment onCreateView (ViewPager默認頁右邊的頁面會被預加載)

在 DEFAULT_PAGE = 0 時，各個Fragment的加載順序爲：

//          ViewPagerFragmentActivity onCreate
//          ViewPagerFragmentActivity onCreate setContentView
//          TitleFragment onCreateView (聲明在layout佈局中的Fragment在setContentView以後就會被加載)
//          ViewPagerFragmentActivity onCreate initView
//          TabFragment onCreateView (動態replace的Fragment在replace以後、onResume以前被加載)
//          ViewPagerFragmentActivity onResume
//          ClickFragment onCreateView (ViewPager最早加載默認頁)
//          DateFragment onCreateView(ViewPager默認頁右邊的頁面會被預加載)
//          AnimFragment onCreateView(ViewPager切換到DateFragment時纔會預加載AnimFragment)