引言:
接上一篇文章講述處理@RequestMapping的方法參數綁定以後,詳細介紹下@RequestBody、@ResponseBody的具體用法和使用時機;html
簡介:
@RequestBody
做用: java
i) 該註解用於讀取Request請求的body部分數據,使用系統默認配置的HttpMessageConverter進行解析,而後把相應的數據綁定到要返回的對象上;spring
ii) 再把HttpMessageConverter返回的對象數據綁定到 controller中方法的參數上。json
使用時機:mvc
A) GET、POST方式提時, 根據request header Content-Type的值來判斷:app
- application/x-www-form-urlencoded, 可選(即非必須,由於這種狀況的數據@RequestParam, @ModelAttribute也能夠處理,固然@RequestBody也能處理);
- multipart/form-data, 不能處理(即便用@RequestBody不能處理這種格式的數據);
- 其餘格式, 必須(其餘格式包括application/json, application/xml等。這些格式的數據,必須使用@RequestBody來處理);
B) PUT方式提交時, 根據request header Content-Type的值來判斷:ui
- application/x-www-form-urlencoded, 必須;
- multipart/form-data, 不能處理;
- 其餘格式, 必須;
說明:request的body部分的數據編碼格式由header部分的Content-Type指定;this
@ResponseBody
做用: 編碼
該註解用於將Controller的方法返回的對象,經過適當的HttpMessageConverter轉換爲指定格式後,寫入到Response對象的body數據區。url
使用時機:
返回的數據不是html標籤的頁面,而是其餘某種格式的數據時(如json、xml等)使用;
HttpMessageConverter
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- <span style="font-family:Microsoft YaHei;">/**
- * Strategy interface that specifies a converter that can convert from and to HTTP requests and responses.
- *
- * @author Arjen Poutsma
- * @author Juergen Hoeller
- * @since 3.0
- */
- public interface HttpMessageConverter<T> {
-
- /**
- * Indicates whether the given class can be read by this converter.
- * @param clazz the class to test for readability
- * @param mediaType the media type to read, can be {@code null} if not specified.
- * Typically the value of a {@code Content-Type} header.
- * @return {@code true} if readable; {@code false} otherwise
- */
- boolean canRead(Class<?> clazz, MediaType mediaType);
-
- /**
- * Indicates whether the given class can be written by this converter.
- * @param clazz the class to test for writability
- * @param mediaType the media type to write, can be {@code null} if not specified.
- * Typically the value of an {@code Accept} header.
- * @return {@code true} if writable; {@code false} otherwise
- */
- boolean canWrite(Class<?> clazz, MediaType mediaType);
-
- /**
- * Return the list of {@link MediaType} objects supported by this converter.
- * @return the list of supported media types
- */
- List<MediaType> getSupportedMediaTypes();
-
- /**
- * Read an object of the given type form the given input message, and returns it.
- * @param clazz the type of object to return. This type must have previously been passed to the
- * {@link #canRead canRead} method of this interface, which must have returned {@code true}.
- * @param inputMessage the HTTP input message to read from
- * @return the converted object
- * @throws IOException in case of I/O errors
- * @throws HttpMessageNotReadableException in case of conversion errors
- */
- T read(Class<? extends T> clazz, HttpInputMessage inputMessage)
- throws IOException, HttpMessageNotReadableException;
-
- /**
- * Write an given object to the given output message.
- * @param t the object to write to the output message. The type of this object must have previously been
- * passed to the {@link #canWrite canWrite} method of this interface, which must have returned {@code true}.
- * @param contentType the content type to use when writing. May be {@code null} to indicate that the
- * default content type of the converter must be used. If not {@code null}, this media type must have
- * previously been passed to the {@link #canWrite canWrite} method of this interface, which must have
- * returned {@code true}.
- * @param outputMessage the message to write to
- * @throws IOException in case of I/O errors
- * @throws HttpMessageNotWritableException in case of conversion errors
- */
- void write(T t, MediaType contentType, HttpOutputMessage outputMessage)
- throws IOException, HttpMessageNotWritableException;
-
- }
- </span>
該接口定義了四個方法,分別是讀取數據時的 canRead(), read() 和 寫入數據時的canWrite(), write()方法。
在使用 <mvc:annotation-driven />標籤配置時,默認配置了RequestMappingHandlerAdapter(注意是RequestMappingHandlerAdapter
不是AnnotationMethodHandlerAdapter,詳情查看Spring 3.1 document 「16.14 Configuring Spring MVC」章節),併爲他配置了一下默認的HttpMessageConverter:
[java] view plaincopy
- ByteArrayHttpMessageConverter converts byte arrays.
-
- StringHttpMessageConverter converts strings.
-
- ResourceHttpMessageConverter converts to/from org.springframework.core.io.Resource for all media types.
-
- SourceHttpMessageConverter converts to/from a javax.xml.transform.Source.
-
- FormHttpMessageConverter converts form data to/from a MultiValueMap<String, String>.
-
- Jaxb2RootElementHttpMessageConverter converts Java objects to/from XML — added if JAXB2 is present on the classpath.
-
- MappingJacksonHttpMessageConverter converts to/from JSON — added if Jackson is present on the classpath.
-
- AtomFeedHttpMessageConverter converts Atom feeds — added if Rome is present on the classpath.
-
- RssChannelHttpMessageConverter converts RSS feeds — added if Rome is present on the classpath.
ByteArrayHttpMessageConverter: 負責讀取二進制格式的數據和寫出二進制格式的數據;
StringHttpMessageConverter: 負責讀取字符串格式的數據和寫出二進制格式的數據;
ResourceHttpMessageConverter:負責讀取資源文件和寫出資源文件數據;
FormHttpMessageConverter: 負責讀取form提交的數據(能讀取的數據格式爲 application/x-www-form-urlencoded,不能讀取multipart/form-data格式數據);負責寫入application/x-www-from-urlencoded和multipart/form-data格式的數據;
MappingJacksonHttpMessageConverter: 負責讀取和寫入json格式的數據;
SouceHttpMessageConverter: 負責讀取和寫入 xml 中javax.xml.transform.Source定義的數據;
Jaxb2RootElementHttpMessageConverter: 負責讀取和寫入xml 標籤格式的數據;
AtomFeedHttpMessageConverter: 負責讀取和寫入Atom格式的數據;
RssChannelHttpMessageConverter: 負責讀取和寫入RSS格式的數據;
當使用@RequestBody和@ResponseBody註解時,RequestMappingHandlerAdapter
就使用它們來進行讀取或者寫入相應格式的數據。
HttpMessageConverter匹配過程:
@RequestBody註解時: 根據Request對象header部分的Content-Type類型,逐一匹配合適的HttpMessageConverter來讀取數據;
spring 3.1源代碼以下:
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- <span style="font-family:Microsoft YaHei;">private Object readWithMessageConverters(MethodParameter methodParam, HttpInputMessage inputMessage, Class paramType)
- throws Exception {
-
- MediaType contentType = inputMessage.getHeaders().getContentType();
- if (contentType == null) {
- StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder(ClassUtils.getShortName(methodParam.getParameterType()));
- String paramName = methodParam.getParameterName();
- if (paramName != null) {
- builder.append(' ');
- builder.append(paramName);
- }
- throw new HttpMediaTypeNotSupportedException(
- "Cannot extract parameter (" + builder.toString() + "): no Content-Type found");
- }
-
- List<MediaType> allSupportedMediaTypes = new ArrayList<MediaType>();
- if (this.messageConverters != null) {
- for (HttpMessageConverter<?> messageConverter : this.messageConverters) {
- allSupportedMediaTypes.addAll(messageConverter.getSupportedMediaTypes());
- if (messageConverter.canRead(paramType, contentType)) {
- if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
- logger.debug("Reading [" + paramType.getName() + "] as \"" + contentType
- +"\" using [" + messageConverter + "]");
- }
- return messageConverter.read(paramType, inputMessage);
- }
- }
- }
- throw new HttpMediaTypeNotSupportedException(contentType, allSupportedMediaTypes);
- }</span>
@ResponseBody註解時: 根據Request對象header部分的Accept屬性(逗號分隔),逐一按accept中的類型,去遍歷找到能處理的HttpMessageConverter;
源代碼以下:
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- <span style="font-family:Microsoft YaHei;">private void writeWithMessageConverters(Object returnValue,
- HttpInputMessage inputMessage, HttpOutputMessage outputMessage)
- throws IOException, HttpMediaTypeNotAcceptableException {
- List<MediaType> acceptedMediaTypes = inputMessage.getHeaders().getAccept();
- if (acceptedMediaTypes.isEmpty()) {
- acceptedMediaTypes = Collections.singletonList(MediaType.ALL);
- }
- MediaType.sortByQualityValue(acceptedMediaTypes);
- Class<?> returnValueType = returnValue.getClass();
- List<MediaType> allSupportedMediaTypes = new ArrayList<MediaType>();
- if (getMessageConverters() != null) {
- for (MediaType acceptedMediaType : acceptedMediaTypes) {
- for (HttpMessageConverter messageConverter : getMessageConverters()) {
- if (messageConverter.canWrite(returnValueType, acceptedMediaType)) {
- messageConverter.write(returnValue, acceptedMediaType, outputMessage);
- if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
- MediaType contentType = outputMessage.getHeaders().getContentType();
- if (contentType == null) {
- contentType = acceptedMediaType;
- }
- logger.debug("Written [" + returnValue + "] as \"" + contentType +
- "\" using [" + messageConverter + "]");
- }
- this.responseArgumentUsed = true;
- return;
- }
- }
- }
- for (HttpMessageConverter messageConverter : messageConverters) {
- allSupportedMediaTypes.addAll(messageConverter.getSupportedMediaTypes());
- }
- }
- throw new HttpMediaTypeNotAcceptableException(allSupportedMediaTypes);
- }</span>
補充:
MappingJacksonHttpMessageConverter 調用了 objectMapper.writeValue(OutputStream stream, Object)方法,使用@ResponseBody註解返回的對象就傳入Object參數內。若返回的對象爲已經格式化好的json串時,不使用@RequestBody註解,而應該這樣處理:
一、response.setContentType("application/json; charset=UTF-8");
二、response.getWriter().print(jsonStr);
直接輸出到body區,而後的視圖爲void。