CSS 小結筆記之伸縮佈局 (flex)

CSS flex 是一種伸縮佈局,以前塊級元素佈局在同一行,能夠經過display或position或float來實現,而本篇介紹一個新的方法——flex(彈性佈局)。html

flex 爲和模型佈局提供了極大地靈活性,所謂彈性佈局便可根據大小斷定自動伸縮。ide

flex相關的各個屬性以下:佈局

一、display:flex;在父盒子定義flex,子盒子才能使用flex屬性flex

二、flex:none |flex-grow  flex-shrink  flex-basis  設置子盒子的縮放比例,能夠一塊兒指定也能夠單獨指定。(均不可爲負數)ui

  (1)none 至關於 flex: 0 0 auto;spa

  (2)flex-grow 用來規定盒子的擴展比率,即盒子相對於其餘盒子可以分配到的空間的比值,沒有指定flex的不參與分配。3d

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">

<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge">
    <title>Document</title>
    <style>
        .fa {
            width: 800px;
            height: 400px;
            border: 2px solid red;
            display: flex;
            margin: 200px auto;
        }
        
        .son1 {
            background-color: aqua;
            width: 200px;
        }
        
        .son2 {
            background-color: green;
            flex-grow: 1;
            width: 50px;
        }
        
        .son3 {
            background-color: blue;
            flex-grow: 2;
            width: 30px;
        }
        
        .son4 {
            background-color: orange;
            flex-grow: 3;
            width: 80px;
        }
    </style>
</head>

<body>
    <div class="fa">
        <div class="son1">1</div>
        <div class="son2">2</div>
        <div class="son3">3</div>
        <div class="son4">4</div>
    </div>
</body>

</html>
View Code

    

    上面圖中子盒子所佔大小的計算方法爲:code

    a、.son1 沒有指定flex 所以不參與分配大小爲固定的200px;htm

    b、剩下的空間須要減去盒子固有的寬度來繼續分配,便可分配空間爲blog

      600-50-30-80=440px

    c、指定分配的比率爲1:2:3 因此各自能分配到的大小爲440*(1/6),440*(2/6),440*(3/6)

    d、最後可得出各個盒子的大小

      .son2: 440*(1/6)+50=123.3px

      .son3: 440*(2/6)+30=176.7px

      .son4: 440*(3/6)+80=300px

  (3)、flex-shrink 規定盒子收縮率,通常是在子盒子整體大小超過父盒子狀況下,肯定各個盒子的縮小比例。

    

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">

<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge">
    <title>Document</title>
    <style>
        .fa {
            width: 400px;
            height: 400px;
            border: 2px solid red;
            display: flex;
            margin: 200px auto;
        }
        
        .son1 {
            width: 100px;
            flex-shrink: 1;
            background-color: aqua;
        }
        
        .son2 {
            width: 200px;
            flex-shrink: 2;
            background-color: orange;
        }
        
        .son3 {
            width: 300px;
            flex-shrink: 3;
            background-color: deeppink;
        }
    </style>
</head>

<body>
    <div class="fa">
        <div class="son1">1</div>
        <div class="son2">2</div>
        <div class="son3">3</div>
    </div>
</body>

</html>
View Code

    

    上面圖中子盒子所佔大小的計算方法爲:

    a、子盒子整體寬度大小爲:100+200+300=600px

    b、超過父盒子 600-400=200px

    c、收縮比率爲:1:2:3 ,則對收縮大小進行加權求值,求出收縮大小

      .son1:  200*[100*1/(1*100+2*200+3*300)]=14px

      .son2:  200*[200*2/(1*100+2*200+3*300)]=57px

       .son1:  200*[300*3/(1*100+2*200+3*300)]=129px

    d、最終各個盒子大小爲

      .son1: 100-14=86px;

      .son2: 200-57=143px;

      .son3: 300-129=171px;

  (4)、flex-basis:長度 |百分比

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">

<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge">
    <title>Document</title>
    <style>
        /* 超過按照比例劃分 */
        
        .fa {
            width: 400px;
            height: 400px;
            border: 2px solid red;
            display: flex;
            margin: 200px auto;
        }
        
        .son1 {
            width: 100px;
            flex-basis: 35%;
            background-color: aqua;
        }
        
        .son2 {
            width: 200px;
            flex-basis: 30%;
            background-color: orange;
        }
        
        .son3 {
            width: 300px;
            flex-basis: 50%;
            background-color: deeppink;
        }
    </style>
</head>

<body>
    <div class="fa">
        <div class="son1">1</div>
        <div class="son2">2</div>
        <div class="son3">3</div>
    </div>
</body>

</html>
View Code

    

    通常設置不超過盒子大小或者不超過100%,超過100%則按比例分配空間。

    如上圖按7:6:10 來分配,設置爲auto,則以自身大小來分配。

  (5)、經常使用複合屬性

      flex:1至關於 flex:1 1 0%;

      flex:auto 至關於 flex:1 1 auto;

       flex:none 至關於 flex:0 0 auto;

       flex:0 none 或flex:initial  至關於 flex:0 1 auto;

三、flex-direction:row | row-reverse | column | column-reverse 調整株洲方向,即合適是水平分佈仍是垂直分佈的,默認是水平方向。

  上面四個值分別是,水平| 水平反向| 垂直| 垂直反向 

  反向的意思是,盒子順序是相反的。

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">

<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge">
    <title>Document</title>
    <style>
        .fa {
            width: 400px;
            height: 400px;
            border: 2px solid red;
            display: flex;
            margin: 200px auto;
            flex-direction: column-reverse;
        }
        
        .son1 {
            flex: 1;
            background-color: aqua;
        }
        
        .son2 {
            flex: 1;
            background-color: orange;
        }
        
        .son3 {
            flex: 1;
            background-color: deeppink;
        }
    </style>
</head>

<body>
    <div class="fa">
        <div class="son1">1</div>
        <div class="son2">2</div>
        <div class="son3">3</div>
    </div>
</body>

</html>
View Code

  

四、justify-content: flex-start | flex-end | center | space-between | space-around  子盒子在父盒子中的水平對齊方式。   

  flex-start :默認值,項目向容器起始位置對齊(靠左對齊)
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">

<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge">
    <title>Document</title>
    <style>
        .fa {
            width: 400px;
            height: 200px;
            border: 1px solid red;
            display: flex;
            margin: 100px auto;
            justify-content: flex-start;
        }
        
        .son {
            flex: 0 0 20%;
            background-color: aqua;
        }
        
        .son:nth-child(2) {
            background-color: orange;
        }
        
        .son:nth-child(3) {
            background-color: deeppink;
        }
    </style>
</head>

<body>
    <div class="fa">
        <div class="son">1</div>
        <div class="son">2</div>
        <div class="son">3</div>
    </div>
</body>

</html>
View Code

  接下來只將justify-content 值改變,就不重複寫代碼了,只給出結果圖

   
  flex-end:項目向容器結束位置對齊。(靠右對齊)
  
  center:項目位於容器的中間。(水平居中)  
  
  space-between:各個項目中間有空隙,可是開頭和結尾緊貼容器(父盒子)
  
space-around:各個項目中間有空隙,且空隙距離相同(至關於每一個盒子左右給了一個相同的margin值)
  
五、 align-items:flex-start | flex-end | center | baseline | stretch  子盒子在父盒子中的垂直對齊方式
 
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">

<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge">
    <title>Document</title>
    <style>
        .fa {
            width: 400px;
            height: 400px;
            border: 1px solid red;
            display: flex;
            margin: 100px auto;
            align-items: stretch;
        }
        
        .son {
            flex: 0 0 20%;
            padding: 30px 0;
            background-color: aqua;
            font-size: 40px;
        }
        
        .son:nth-child(2) {
            padding: 50px 0;
            background-color: orange;
        }
        
        .son:nth-child(3) {
            padding: 100px 0;
            background-color: deeppink;
        }
    </style>
</head>

<body>
    <div class="fa">
        <div class="son">1</div>
        <div class="son">2</div>
        <div class="son">3</div>
    </div>
</body>

</html>
View Code

  

  一樣接下來幾種只給出效果圖

  flex-start:上對齊
  
  flex-end :下對齊
  
  center:垂直居中對齊
  
  baseline:與項目的第一行文字的基線對齊,所以當基線在同一條線上時,與flex-start一致
  
六、 flex-wrap:nowrap | wrap | wrap-reverse   當子盒子大小超過父盒子是是否換行
  nowrap:默認值,不換行。強行在一行顯示,所以每一個盒子的大小都會減小。
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">

<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge">
    <title>Document</title>
    <style>
        .fa {
            width: 200px;
            height: 200px;
            border: 1px solid red;
            display: flex;
            margin: 100px auto;
            align-items: baseline;
            flex-wrap: nowrap;
        }
        
        .son {
            width: 50px;
            background-color: aqua;
            font-size: 40px;
        }
        
        .son:nth-child(2) {
            background-color: orange;
        }
        
        .son:nth-child(3) {
            background-color: deeppink;
        }
        
        .son:nth-child(4) {
            background-color: green;
        }
        
        .son:nth-child(5) {
            background-color: greenyellow;
        }
    </style>
</head>

<body>
    <div class="fa">
        <div class="son">1</div>
        <div class="son">2</div>
        <div class="son">3</div>
        <div class="son">4</div>
        <div class="son">5</div>
        <div class="son">6</div>
    </div>
</body>

</html>
View Code

  

  wrap:換行顯示。

  

  wrap-reverse:換行且倒着顯示

  

七、flex-flow: flex-direction  flex-wrap;   flex-flow 是flex-direction 和 flex-wrap 的簡寫,默認值是flex-flow: row wrap

八、align-content:flex-start | flex-end | center | space-between | space-around | stretch  容器中多行的對齊方式

 

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">

<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge">
    <title>Document</title>
    <style>
        .fa {
            width: 200px;
            height: 200px;
            border: 1px solid red;
            display: flex;
            margin: 100px auto;
            flex-wrap: wrap;
            align-content: stretch;
        }
        
        .son {
            /* width: 50px; */
            padding: 10px;
            background-color: aqua;
            font-size: 40px;
        }
        
        .son:nth-child(2) {
            background-color: orange;
        }
        
        .son:nth-child(3) {
            background-color: deeppink;
        }
        
        .son:nth-child(4) {
            background-color: green;
        }
        
        .son:nth-child(5) {
            background-color: greenyellow;
        }
    </style>
</head>

<body>
    <div class="fa">
        <div class="son">1</div>
        <div class="son">2</div>
        <div class="son">3</div>
        <div class="son">4</div>
        <div class="son">5</div>
        <div class="son">6</div>
    </div>
</body>

</html>
View Code

 

  

  flex-start:上對齊

  

  flex-end:下對齊

  

 

  center:居中對齊

  

  space-between :與justify-content中的 space-between相似 最上一行 頂對齊,最下一行 底對齊

  

  space-around:與justify-content中的 space-around相似 各個行上下有空隙,且空隙距離相同(至關於每行上下給了一個相同的margin值)

  

九、order:設置子盒子顯示順序。值取整數,能夠爲負數,數值越小的排列方向越靠前。

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">

<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge">
    <title>Document</title>
    <style>
        .fa {
            width: 200px;
            height: 200px;
            border: 1px solid red;
            display: flex;
            margin: 100px auto;
            flex-wrap: wrap;
            align-content: space-between;
        }
        
        .son {
            /* width: 50px; */
            padding: 10px;
            background-color: aqua;
            font-size: 40px;
        }
        
        .son:nth-child(2) {
            background-color: orange;
            order: -2;
        }
        
        .son:nth-child(3) {
            background-color: deeppink;
        }
        
        .son:nth-child(4) {
            background-color: green;
            order: 3;
        }
        
        .son:nth-child(5) {
            order: 2;
            background-color: greenyellow;
        }
    </style>
</head>

<body>
    <div class="fa">
        <div class="son">1</div>
        <div class="son">2</div>
        <div class="son">3</div>
        <div class="son">4</div>
        <div class="son">5</div>
        <div class="son">6</div>
    </div>
</body>

</html>
View Code

  

注意事項:

上述的9個屬性,其中一、三、四、五、六、七、8是放在容器(父盒子)的屬性

而二、9是項目(子盒子)的屬性

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