線程池源碼解讀

1、execute

ctl做爲AtomicInteger類存放了類中的兩種信息，在其中由高3位來保存線程池的狀態，後29位來保存此時線程池中的Woker類線程數量(由此可知，線程池中的線程數量最高能夠接受大約在五億左右)。因而可知給出的runStateOf()和workerCountOf()方法分別給出了查看線程狀態和線程數量的方法。

public void execute(Runnable command) {
        if (command == null)
            throw new NullPointerException();
        int c = ctl.get();

        //若是運行的線程數小於corePoolSize，嘗試建立一個新線程（Worker），並執行它的第一個command
        if (workerCountOf(c) < corePoolSize) {
            if (addWorker(command, true))
                return;
            c = ctl.get();
        }
        //線程數大於corePoolSize，將線程放入任務隊列
        //第一次校驗線程池在運行狀態
        if (isRunning(c) && workQueue.offer(command)) {
            int recheck = ctl.get();
            //第二次校驗，防止在第一次校驗經過後線程池關閉。若是線程池關閉，在隊列中刪除task並拒絕task
            if (! isRunning(recheck) && remove(command))
                reject(command);
            //若是線程數=0（線程都死掉了，好比：corePoolSize=0），新建線程且未指定firstTask，僅輪詢任務隊列
            else if (workerCountOf(recheck) == 0)
                addWorker(null, false);
        }
        //任務隊列已滿，嘗試建立新線程執行task，建立失敗後拒絕task
        //建立失敗緣由：1.線程池關閉；2.線程數已經達到maxPoolSize
        else if (!addWorker(command, false))
            reject(command);
}

private boolean addWorker(Runnable firstTask, boolean core) {
        retry:
        //外層循環判斷線程池的狀態
        for (;;) {
            int c = ctl.get();
            //線程池狀態
            int rs = runStateOf(c);
            //線程池狀態:RUNNING = -一、SHUTDOWN = 0、STOP = 一、TIDYING = 二、TERMINATED
            if (rs >= SHUTDOWN &&
                ! (rs == SHUTDOWN &&
                   firstTask == null &&
                   ! workQueue.isEmpty()))
                return false;
            //用CAS的方式對線程數量進行+1操做
            for (;;) {
                int wc = workerCountOf(c);
                if (wc >= CAPACITY ||
                    wc >= (core ? corePoolSize : maximumPoolSize))
                    return false;
                if (compareAndIncrementWorkerCount(c))
                    break retry;
                c = ctl.get();  // Re-read ctl
                if (runStateOf(c) != rs)
                    continue retry;
                // else CAS failed due to workerCount change; retry inner loop
            }
        }

        boolean workerStarted = false;
        boolean workerAdded = false;
        Worker w = null;
        try {

            //worker實現了Runable接口
            w = new Worker(firstTask);
            final Thread t = w.thread;
            if (t != null) {
                final ReentrantLock mainLock = this.mainLock;
                mainLock.lock();
                try {
                    // Recheck while holding lock.
                    // Back out on ThreadFactory failure or if
                    // shut down before lock acquired.
                    int rs = runStateOf(ctl.get());

                    if (rs < SHUTDOWN ||
                        (rs == SHUTDOWN && firstTask == null)) {
                        if (t.isAlive()) // precheck that t is startable
                            throw new IllegalThreadStateException();
                    
                        //workers是一個worker數組
                        workers.add(w);
                        int s = workers.size();
                        if (s > largestPoolSize)
                            largestPoolSize = s;
                        workerAdded = true;
                    }
                } finally {
                    mainLock.unlock();
                }
                if (workerAdded) {
                    //啓動線程
                    t.start();
                    workerStarted = true;
                }
            }
        } finally {
            if (! workerStarted)
                addWorkerFailed(w);
        }
        return workerStarted;
    }

Worker類：

private final class Worker
        extends AbstractQueuedSynchronizer
        implements Runnable//Worker是一個線程
    {
        private static final long serialVersionUID = 6138294804551838833L;

        final Thread thread;
        Runnable firstTask;
        volatile long completedTasks;
        Worker(Runnable firstTask) {
            setState(-1); // inhibit interrupts until runWorker
            this.firstTask = firstTask;
            //把當前Worker包裝成一個thread
            this.thread = getThreadFactory().newThread(this);
        }
        public void run() {
            runWorker(this);
        }
}

final void runWorker(Worker w) {
        Thread wt = Thread.currentThread();
        Runnable task = w.firstTask;
        w.firstTask = null;
        w.unlock(); // allow interrupts
        boolean completedAbruptly = true;
        try {
            //若是這個worker尚未執行過在構造方法就傳入的任務，那麼在這個方法中，會直接執行這一任務，若是沒有，則會 
            //嘗試去從任務隊列當中去取的新的任務。
            //在執行完畢後，工做線程的使命並無真正宣告段落。在while部分worker仍舊會經過getTask()方法試圖取得新 
            //的任務。下面是getTask()的實現。
            while (task != null || (task = getTask()) != null) {
                w.lock();
                if ((runStateAtLeast(ctl.get(), STOP) ||
                     (Thread.interrupted() &&
                      runStateAtLeast(ctl.get(), STOP))) &&
                    !wt.isInterrupted())
                    wt.interrupt();
                try {
                    beforeExecute(wt, task);
                    Throwable thrown = null;
                    try {
                        task.run();
                    } catch (RuntimeException x) {
                        thrown = x; throw x;
                    } catch (Error x) {
                        thrown = x; throw x;
                    } catch (Throwable x) {
                        thrown = x; throw new Error(x);
                    } finally {
                        afterExecute(task, thrown);
                    }
                } finally {
                    task = null;
                    w.completedTasks++;
                    w.unlock();
                }
            }
            completedAbruptly = false;
        } finally {
            processWorkerExit(w, completedAbruptly);
        }
    }

private Runnable getTask() {
        boolean timedOut = false; // Did the last poll() time out?

        for (;;) {
            int c = ctl.get();
            int rs = runStateOf(c);

            // Check if queue empty only if necessary.
            if (rs >= SHUTDOWN && (rs >= STOP || workQueue.isEmpty())) {
                decrementWorkerCount();
                return null;
            }

            int wc = workerCountOf(c);

            // Are workers subject to culling?
            boolean timed = allowCoreThreadTimeOut || wc > corePoolSize;

            if ((wc > maximumPoolSize || (timed && timedOut))
                && (wc > 1 || workQueue.isEmpty())) {
                if (compareAndDecrementWorkerCount(c))
                    return null;
                continue;
            }

            try {
                //從工做隊列中取出線程
                Runnable r = timed ?
                    workQueue.poll(keepAliveTime, TimeUnit.NANOSECONDS) :
                    workQueue.take();
                if (r != null)
                    return r;
                timedOut = true;
            } catch (InterruptedException retry) {
                timedOut = false;
            }
        }
    }

2、submit

public Future<?> submit(Runnable task) {
        if (task == null) throw new NullPointerException();
        RunnableFuture<Void> ftask = newTaskFor(task, null);
        execute(ftask);
        return ftask;
    }

    /**
     * @throws RejectedExecutionException {@inheritDoc}
     * @throws NullPointerException       {@inheritDoc}
     */
    public <T> Future<T> submit(Runnable task, T result) {
        if (task == null) throw new NullPointerException();
        RunnableFuture<T> ftask = newTaskFor(task, result);
        execute(ftask);
        return ftask;
    }

    /**
     * @throws RejectedExecutionException {@inheritDoc}
     * @throws NullPointerException       {@inheritDoc}
     */
    public <T> Future<T> submit(Callable<T> task) {
        if (task == null) throw new NullPointerException();
        RunnableFuture<T> ftask = newTaskFor(task);
        execute(ftask);
        return ftask;
    }

protected <T> RunnableFuture<T> newTaskFor(Runnable runnable, T value) {
        return new FutureTask<T>(runnable, value);
    }

    protected <T> RunnableFuture<T> newTaskFor(Callable<T> callable) {
        return new FutureTask<T>(callable);
    }

可見，submit將普通的runnable包裝成FutureTask並返回，再調用execute去執行。