JSP全稱是Java Server Pages,它和servle技術同樣,都是SUN公司定義的一種用於開發動態web資源的技術。
JSP這門技術的最大的特色在於,寫jsp就像在寫html,但它相比html而言,html只能爲用戶提供靜態數據,而Jsp技術容許在頁面中嵌套java代碼,爲用戶提供動態數據。html
瀏覽器向服務器發請求,無論訪問的是什麼資源,其實都是在訪問Servlet,因此當訪問一個jsp頁面時,其實也是在訪問一個Servlet,服務器在執行jsp的時候,首先把jsp翻譯成一個Servlet,因此咱們訪問jsp時,其實不是在訪問jsp,而是在訪問jsp翻譯事後的那個Servlet,例以下面的代碼:java
index.jspweb
1 <%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%> 2 <% 3 String path = request.getContextPath(); 4 String basePath = request.getScheme()+"://"+request.getServerName()+":"+request.getServerPort()+path+"/"; 5 %> 6 7 <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"> 8 <html> 9 <head> 10 <base href="<%=basePath%>"> 11 12 <title>First Jsp</title> 13 14 </head> 15 16 <body> 17 <% 18 out.print("Hello Jsp"); 19 %> 20 </body> 21 </html>
當咱們經過瀏覽器訪問index.jsp時,服務器首先將index.jsp翻譯成一個index_jsp.class,在Tomcat服務器的work\Catalina\localhost\項目名\org\apache\jsp目錄下能夠看到index_jsp.class的源代碼文件index_jsp.java,index_jsp.java的代碼以下:express
1 package org.apache.jsp; 2 3 import javax.servlet.*; 4 import javax.servlet.http.*; 5 import javax.servlet.jsp.*; 6 import java.util.*; 7 8 public final class index_jsp extends org.apache.jasper.runtime.HttpJspBase 9 implements org.apache.jasper.runtime.JspSourceDependent { 10 11 private static final JspFactory _jspxFactory = JspFactory.getDefaultFactory(); 12 13 private static java.util.List _jspx_dependants; 14 15 private javax.el.ExpressionFactory _el_expressionfactory; 16 private org.apache.AnnotationProcessor _jsp_annotationprocessor; 17 18 public Object getDependants() { 19 return _jspx_dependants; 20 } 21 22 public void _jspInit() { 23 _el_expressionfactory = _jspxFactory.getJspApplicationContext(getServletConfig().getServletContext()).getExpressionFactory(); 24 _jsp_annotationprocessor = (org.apache.AnnotationProcessor) getServletConfig().getServletContext().getAttribute(org.apache.AnnotationProcessor.class.getName()); 25 } 26 27 public void _jspDestroy() { 28 } 29 30 public void _jspService(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) 31 throws java.io.IOException, ServletException { 32 33 PageContext pageContext = null; 34 HttpSession session = null; 35 ServletContext application = null; 36 ServletConfig config = null; 37 JspWriter out = null; 38 Object page = this; 39 JspWriter _jspx_out = null; 40 PageContext _jspx_page_context = null; 41 42 43 try { 44 response.setContentType("text/html;charset=UTF-8"); 45 pageContext = _jspxFactory.getPageContext(this, request, response, 46 null, true, 8192, true); 47 _jspx_page_context = pageContext; 48 application = pageContext.getServletContext(); 49 config = pageContext.getServletConfig(); 50 session = pageContext.getSession(); 51 out = pageContext.getOut(); 52 _jspx_out = out; 53 54 out.write('\r'); 55 out.write('\n'); 56 57 String path = request.getContextPath(); 58 String basePath = request.getScheme()+"://"+request.getServerName()+":"+request.getServerPort()+path+"/"; 59 60 out.write("\r\n"); 61 out.write("\r\n"); 62 out.write("<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC \"-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN\">\r\n"); 63 out.write("<html>\r\n"); 64 out.write(" <head>\r\n"); 65 out.write(" <base href=\""); 66 out.print(basePath); 67 out.write("\">\r\n"); 68 out.write(" \r\n"); 69 out.write(" <title>First Jsp</title>\r\n"); 70 out.write("\t\r\n"); 71 out.write(" </head>\r\n"); 72 out.write(" \r\n"); 73 out.write(" <body>\r\n"); 74 out.write(" "); 75 76 out.print("Hello Jsp"); 77 78 out.write("\r\n"); 79 out.write(" </body>\r\n"); 80 out.write("</html>\r\n"); 81 } catch (Throwable t) { 82 if (!(t instanceof SkipPageException)){ 83 out = _jspx_out; 84 if (out != null && out.getBufferSize() != 0) 85 try { out.clearBuffer(); } catch (java.io.IOException e) {} 86 if (_jspx_page_context != null) _jspx_page_context.handlePageException(t); 87 } 88 } finally { 89 _jspxFactory.releasePageContext(_jspx_page_context); 90 } 91 } 92 }
咱們能夠看到,index_jsp這個類是繼承 org.apache.jasper.runtime.HttpJspBase這個類的,經過查看Tomcat服務器的源代碼,能夠知道在apache-tomcat-6.0.20-src\java\org\apache\jasper\runtime目錄下存HttpJspBase這個類的源代碼文件,以下圖所示:apache
咱們能夠看看HttpJsBase這個類的源代碼,以下所示:瀏覽器
1 /* 2 * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more 3 * contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with 4 * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. 5 * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0 6 * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with 7 * the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at 8 * 9 * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 10 * 11 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software 12 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, 13 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. 14 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and 15 * limitations under the License. 16 */ 17 18 package org.apache.jasper.runtime; 19 20 import java.io.IOException; 21 22 import javax.servlet.ServletConfig; 23 import javax.servlet.ServletException; 24 import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet; 25 import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; 26 import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; 27 import javax.servlet.jsp.HttpJspPage; 28 import javax.servlet.jsp.JspFactory; 29 30 import org.apache.jasper.compiler.Localizer; 31 32 /** 33 * This is the super class of all JSP-generated servlets. 34 * 35 * @author Anil K. Vijendran 36 */ 37 public abstract class HttpJspBase 38 extends HttpServlet 39 implements HttpJspPage 40 41 42 { 43 44 protected HttpJspBase() { 45 } 46 47 public final void init(ServletConfig config) 48 throws ServletException 49 { 50 super.init(config); 51 jspInit(); 52 _jspInit(); 53 } 54 55 public String getServletInfo() { 56 return Localizer.getMessage("jsp.engine.info"); 57 } 58 59 public final void destroy() { 60 jspDestroy(); 61 _jspDestroy(); 62 } 63 64 /** 65 * Entry point into service. 66 */ 67 public final void service(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) 68 throws ServletException, IOException 69 { 70 _jspService(request, response); 71 } 72 73 public void jspInit() { 74 } 75 76 public void _jspInit() { 77 } 78 79 public void jspDestroy() { 80 } 81 82 protected void _jspDestroy() { 83 } 84 85 public abstract void _jspService(HttpServletRequest request, 86 HttpServletResponse response) 87 throws ServletException, IOException; 88 }
HttpJspBase類是繼承HttpServlet的,因此HttpJspBase類是一個Servlet,而index_jsp又是繼承HttpJspBase類的,因此index_jsp類也是一個Servlet,因此當瀏覽器訪問服務器上的index.jsp頁面時,其實就是在訪問index_jsp這個Servlet,index_jsp這個Servlet使用_jspService這個方法處理請求。tomcat
瀏覽器接收到的這些數據服務器
1 <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"> 2 <html> 3 <head> 4 <base href="http://localhost:8080/JavaWeb_Jsp_Study_20140603/"> 5 6 <title>First Jsp</title> 7 8 </head> 9 10 <body> 11 Hello Jsp 12 </body> 13 </html>
都是在_jspService方法中使用以下的代碼輸出給瀏覽器的:session
1 out.write('\r'); 2 out.write('\n'); 3 4 String path = request.getContextPath(); 5 String basePath = request.getScheme()+"://"+request.getServerName()+":"+request.getServerPort()+path+"/"; 6 7 out.write("\r\n"); 8 out.write("\r\n"); 9 out.write("<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC \"-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN\">\r\n"); 10 out.write("<html>\r\n"); 11 out.write(" <head>\r\n"); 12 out.write(" <base href=\""); 13 out.print(basePath); 14 out.write("\">\r\n"); 15 out.write(" \r\n"); 16 out.write(" <title>First Jsp</title>\r\n"); 17 out.write("\t\r\n"); 18 out.write(" </head>\r\n"); 19 out.write(" \r\n"); 20 out.write(" <body>\r\n"); 21 out.write(" "); 22 23 out.print("Hello Jsp"); 24 25 out.write("\r\n"); 26 out.write(" </body>\r\n"); 27 out.write("</html>\r\n");
在jsp中編寫的java代碼和html代碼都會被翻譯到_jspService方法中去,在jsp中編寫的java代碼會原封不動地翻譯成java代碼,如<%out.print("Hello Jsp");%>直接翻譯成out.print("Hello Jsp");,而HTML代碼則會翻譯成使用out.write("<html標籤>\r\n");的形式輸出到瀏覽器。在jsp頁面中編寫的html排版標籤都是以out.write("<html標籤>\r\n");的形式輸出到瀏覽器,瀏覽器拿到html代碼後纔可以解析執行html代碼。app
在jsp中編寫的java代碼會被翻譯到_jspService方法中去,當執行_jspService方法處理請求時,就會執行在jsp編寫的java代碼了,因此Jsp頁面中的java代碼服務器是經過調用_jspService方法處理請求時執行的。
查看_jspService方法能夠看到,Web服務器在調用jsp時,會給Jsp提供以下的8個java對象
1 PageContext pageContext; 2 HttpSession session; 3 ServletContext application; 4 ServletConfig config; 5 JspWriter out; 6 Object page = this; 7 HttpServletRequest request, 8 HttpServletResponse response
其中page對象,request和response已經完成了實例化,而其它5個沒有實例化的對象經過下面的方式實例化
1 pageContext = _jspxFactory.getPageContext(this, request, response,null, true, 8192, true); 2 application = pageContext.getServletContext(); 3 config = pageContext.getServletConfig(); 4 session = pageContext.getSession(); 5 out = pageContext.getOut();
這8個java對象在Jsp頁面中是能夠直接使用的,以下所示:
1 <% 2 session.setAttribute("name", "session對象");//使用session對象,設置session對象的屬性 3 out.print(session.getAttribute("name")+"<br/>");//獲取session對象的屬性 4 pageContext.setAttribute("name", "pageContext對象");//使用pageContext對象,設置pageContext對象的屬性 5 out.print(pageContext.getAttribute("name")+"<br/>");//獲取pageContext對象的屬性 6 application.setAttribute("name", "application對象");//使用application對象,設置application對象的屬性 7 out.print(application.getAttribute("name")+"<br/>");//獲取application對象的屬性 8 out.print("Hello Jsp"+"<br/>");//使用out對象 9 out.print("服務器調用index.jsp頁面時翻譯成的類的名字是:"+page.getClass()+"<br/>");//使用page對象 10 out.print("處理請求的Servlet的名字是:"+config.getServletName()+"<br/>");//使用config對象 11 out.print(response.getContentType()+"<br/>");//使用response對象 12 out.print(request.getContextPath()+"<br/>");//使用request對象 13 %>
運行結果以下:
Jsp最佳實踐就是jsp技術在開發中該怎麼去用。
不論是JSP仍是Servlet,雖然均可以用於開發動態web資源。但因爲這2門技術各自的特色,在長期的軟件實踐中,人們逐漸把servlet做爲web應用中的控制器組件來使用,而把JSP技術做爲數據顯示模板來使用。其緣由爲,程序的數據一般要美化後再輸出:讓jsp既用java代碼產生動態數據,又作美化會致使頁面難以維護。讓servlet既產生數據,又在裏面嵌套html代碼美化數據,一樣也會致使程序可讀性差,難以維護。所以最好的辦法就是根據這兩門技術的特色,讓它們各自負責各的,servlet只負責響應請求產生數據,並把數據經過轉發技術帶給jsp,數據的顯示jsp來作。
第一次執行:
第二次執行:
修改後執行:
1.源文件已經被修改過了,因此須要從新轉換,從新編譯。