AFNetworking 是一個 iOS 平臺的網絡框架,簡潔易懂,因此在實際項目開發中用的極多,AFNetworking 本質上仍是基於蘋果自身的網絡通訊機制,這裏就剖析一下其內部代碼。xcode
將 AFNetworking 代碼下載過來,目錄樹以下:網絡
total 240 drwxr-xr-x@ 15 chasontang staff 510B 4 1 01:28 AFNetworking -rw-r--r--@ 1 chasontang staff 2.5K 4 1 01:28 AFNetworking.podspec drwxr-xr-x@ 5 chasontang staff 170B 4 27 17:03 AFNetworking.xcodeproj drwxr-xr-x 4 chasontang staff 136B 4 27 17:03 AFNetworking.xcworkspace -rw-r--r--@ 1 chasontang staff 87K 4 1 01:28 CHANGELOG.md -rw-r--r--@ 1 chasontang staff 4.1K 4 1 01:28 CONTRIBUTING.md drwxr-xr-x@ 19 chasontang staff 646B 4 27 17:04 Example drwxr-xr-x@ 5 chasontang staff 170B 4 1 01:28 Framework -rw-r--r--@ 1 chasontang staff 1.1K 4 1 01:28 LICENSE -rw-r--r--@ 1 chasontang staff 14K 4 1 01:28 README.md drwxr-xr-x@ 7 chasontang staff 238B 4 27 17:10 Tests drwxr-xr-x@ 22 chasontang staff 748B 4 1 01:28 UIKit+AFNetworking drwxr-xr-x@ 17 chasontang staff 578B 4 1 01:28 fastlane
可是本質上只有 AFNetworking 文件夾是實際的代碼,而其餘都是樣例工程、測試用例、使用工具類等。AFNetworking 文件夾下只有 6 個類文件和 1 個彙總頭文件,總共大約 5000 行代碼。session
AFNetworking.h - header file AFNetworkReachabilityManager - class AFSecurityPolicy - class AFURLRequestSerialization - class AFURLResponseSerialization - class AFURLSessionManager - class AFHTTPSessionManager - class
不過須要注意的是,看起來只存 6 個類文件,可是實際上一個類文件中包含了多個存在繼承關係的類,這點確實是瑕疵,容易形成誤解。
蘋果自身提供的網絡通訊框架也被稱之爲 URL loading system
,主要使用 NSURLSession
、NSURLConnection
兩個類做爲通訊管理類,其中,NSURLSession
只能進行異步通訊,並且能夠進行後臺網絡通訊,只能用於 iOS 7 及之後版本。而 NSURLConnection
既能夠異步也能夠同步通訊。AFNetworking 則是基於這套機制封裝的,而且是繼承 NSURLSession
類。
注意:本文所指 AFNetworking 是指 3.x 版本,NSURLConnectionOperation 支持已經被移除了,框架要求最低爲 iOS 7 版本。
框架類繼承以下:框架
NSURLSession異步
AFURLSessionManagerasync
AFHTTPSessionManager函數
AFURLRequestSerialization工具
AFHTTPRequestSerializer測試
AFJSONRequestSerializerurl
AFPropertyListRequestSerializer
AFURLResponseSerialization
AFHTTPResponseSerializer
AFJSONResponseSerializer
AFXMLParserResponseSerializer
AFPropertyListResponseSerializer
AFImageResponseSerializer
AFCompoundResponseSerializer
AFSecurityPolicy
AFNetworkReachabilityManager
#import <Foundation/Foundation.h> #import <Availability.h> #import <TargetConditionals.h> #ifndef _AFNETWORKING_ #define _AFNETWORKING_ #import "AFURLRequestSerialization.h" #import "AFURLResponseSerialization.h" #import "AFSecurityPolicy.h" #if !TARGET_OS_WATCH #import "AFNetworkReachabilityManager.h" #endif #import "AFURLSessionManager.h" #import "AFHTTPSessionManager.h" #endif /* _AFNETWORKING_ */
很常規的思路,導入所需頭文件,宏定義用於防止頭文件重複包含,蘋果手錶平臺不導入 AFNetworkReachabilityManager 頭文件。
首先這個類是繼承自 AFURLSessionManager,實現了 <NSSecureCoding, NSCopying>
協議,而 AFURLSessionManager 則是繼承自 NSObject,而且實現了 <NSURLSessionDelegate, NSURLSessionTaskDelegate, NSURLSessionDataDelegate, NSURLSessionDownloadDelegate, NSSecureCoding, NSCopying>
。
對於大多數開發來講,都是使用 AFHTTPSessionManager 做爲網絡請求中心。其中有兩個重要成員變量:requestSerializer、responseSerializer 分別是請求序列化器和迴應序列化器,應該不用多說,從字面上也能猜出其內容。而後就分別是如下方法:
+ (instancetype)manager; - (nullable NSURLSessionDataTask *)GET:(NSString *)URLString parameters:(nullable id)parameters success:(nullable void (^)(NSURLSessionDataTask *task, id _Nullable responseObject))success failure:(nullable void (^)(NSURLSessionDataTask * _Nullable task, NSError *error))failure DEPRECATED_ATTRIBUTE; - (nullable NSURLSessionDataTask *)GET:(NSString *)URLString parameters:(nullable id)parameters progress:(nullable void (^)(NSProgress *downloadProgress))downloadProgress success:(nullable void (^)(NSURLSessionDataTask *task, id _Nullable responseObject))success failure:(nullable void (^)(NSURLSessionDataTask * _Nullable task, NSError *error))failure; - (nullable NSURLSessionDataTask *)HEAD:(NSString *)URLString parameters:(nullable id)parameters success:(nullable void (^)(NSURLSessionDataTask *task))success failure:(nullable void (^)(NSURLSessionDataTask * _Nullable task, NSError *error))failure; - (nullable NSURLSessionDataTask *)POST:(NSString *)URLString parameters:(nullable id)parameters success:(nullable void (^)(NSURLSessionDataTask *task, id _Nullable responseObject))success failure:(nullable void (^)(NSURLSessionDataTask * _Nullable task, NSError *error))failure DEPRECATED_ATTRIBUTE; - (nullable NSURLSessionDataTask *)POST:(NSString *)URLString parameters:(nullable id)parameters progress:(nullable void (^)(NSProgress *uploadProgress))uploadProgress success:(nullable void (^)(NSURLSessionDataTask *task, id _Nullable responseObject))success failure:(nullable void (^)(NSURLSessionDataTask * _Nullable task, NSError *error))failure; - (nullable NSURLSessionDataTask *)POST:(NSString *)URLString parameters:(nullable id)parameters constructingBodyWithBlock:(nullable void (^)(id <AFMultipartFormData> formData))block success:(nullable void (^)(NSURLSessionDataTask *task, id _Nullable responseObject))success failure:(nullable void (^)(NSURLSessionDataTask * _Nullable task, NSError *error))failure DEPRECATED_ATTRIBUTE; - (nullable NSURLSessionDataTask *)POST:(NSString *)URLString parameters:(nullable id)parameters constructingBodyWithBlock:(nullable void (^)(id <AFMultipartFormData> formData))block progress:(nullable void (^)(NSProgress *uploadProgress))uploadProgress success:(nullable void (^)(NSURLSessionDataTask *task, id _Nullable responseObject))success failure:(nullable void (^)(NSURLSessionDataTask * _Nullable task, NSError *error))failure; - (nullable NSURLSessionDataTask *)PUT:(NSString *)URLString parameters:(nullable id)parameters success:(nullable void (^)(NSURLSessionDataTask *task, id _Nullable responseObject))success failure:(nullable void (^)(NSURLSessionDataTask * _Nullable task, NSError *error))failure; - (nullable NSURLSessionDataTask *)PATCH:(NSString *)URLString parameters:(nullable id)parameters success:(nullable void (^)(NSURLSessionDataTask *task, id _Nullable responseObject))success failure:(nullable void (^)(NSURLSessionDataTask * _Nullable task, NSError *error))failure; - (nullable NSURLSessionDataTask *)DELETE:(NSString *)URLString parameters:(nullable id)parameters success:(nullable void (^)(NSURLSessionDataTask *task, id _Nullable responseObject))success failure:(nullable void (^)(NSURLSessionDataTask * _Nullable task, NSError *error))failure;
一個工廠方法,而後就是 GET、HEAD、POST、PUT、PATCH 和 DELETE 方法。標記爲 DEPRECATED_ATTRIBUTE
的則是棄用方法,一些方法帶有 progressBlock,便於計算加載過程。工廠方法 + (instancetype)manager
實際上仍是建立了一個 baseURL 爲 nil 的實例,因此應當避免調用工廠方法,而是手動建立對象。而全部初始化方法都會調用 initWithBaseURL:sessionConfiguration:
方法,如下是初始化方法代碼:
self = [super initWithSessionConfiguration:configuration]; if (!self) { return nil; } // Ensure terminal slash for baseURL path, so that NSURL +URLWithString:relativeToURL: works as expected if ([[url path] length] > 0 && ![[url absoluteString] hasSuffix:@"/"]) { url = [url URLByAppendingPathComponent:@""]; } self.baseURL = url; self.requestSerializer = [AFHTTPRequestSerializer serializer]; self.responseSerializer = [AFJSONResponseSerializer serializer]; return self;
主要就是整理了 baseURL,而後建立了 AFHTTPRequestSerializer 做爲請求序列化器,AFJSONResponseSerializer 做爲相應序列化器,也就是默認狀況下返回 JSON。
再來看請求方法,很容易就能看出其流程爲:變體請求方法 -> 基請求方法 -> dataTaskWithHTTPMethod:URLString:parameters:uploadProgress:downloadProgress:success:failure:
,就是返回了類型爲 NSURLSessionDataTask 的對象,而後調用 [dataTask resume]
執行請求。
- (NSURLSessionDataTask *)dataTaskWithHTTPMethod:(NSString *)method URLString:(NSString *)URLString parameters:(id)parameters uploadProgress:(nullable void (^)(NSProgress *uploadProgress)) uploadProgress downloadProgress:(nullable void (^)(NSProgress *downloadProgress)) downloadProgress success:(void (^)(NSURLSessionDataTask *, id))success failure:(void (^)(NSURLSessionDataTask *, NSError *))failure { NSError *serializationError = nil; NSMutableURLRequest *request = [self.requestSerializer requestWithMethod:method URLString:[[NSURL URLWithString:URLString relativeToURL:self.baseURL] absoluteString] parameters:parameters error:&serializationError]; if (serializationError) { if (failure) { #pragma clang diagnostic push #pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wgnu" dispatch_async(self.completionQueue ?: dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^{ failure(nil, serializationError); }); #pragma clang diagnostic pop } return nil; } __block NSURLSessionDataTask *dataTask = nil; dataTask = [self dataTaskWithRequest:request uploadProgress:uploadProgress downloadProgress:downloadProgress completionHandler:^(NSURLResponse * __unused response, id responseObject, NSError *error) { if (error) { if (failure) { failure(dataTask, error); } } else { if (success) { success(dataTask, responseObject); } } }]; return dataTask; }
注意,除了一個 POST 方法的變體方法之外,這是全部 HTTP 請求方法的公共出口,主要就是建立一個 NSURLSessionDataTask 對象。POST 方法有一個變體方法是使用 FORMDATA 的形式發起 HTTP 請求,因此沒法概括到公共抽象代碼內,所以獨立實現了其方法,可是實際上也是差很少的,這裏就很少講了。
首先就是建立 NSMutableURLRequest 對象,若是出錯,則使用 GCD 調用 failure 回調函數。不然其調用父類的 dataTaskWithRequest:uploadProgress:downloadProgress:completionHandler:
方法建立 NSURLSessionDataTask 對象。
這個類用於檢查網絡聯網狀態,其實是模仿蘋果官方示例代碼 reachability,這裏就不提了,各位自行觀看代碼實現。