ASP.NET Web API 的好用使用過的都知道,沒有複雜的配置文件,一個簡單的ApiController加上須要的Action就能工做。可是在使用API的時候總會遇到跨域請求的問題, 特別各類APP萬花齊放的今天,對API使用者身份角色驗證是不能避免的(徹底開發的API不須要對使用者身份角色進行管控,能夠繞過),這篇文章就來談談基於令牌TOKEN身份驗證的實現。ajax
對於Web API的選擇性的開放,使用者不管使用AJAX,仍是HttpClient對接,總要對使用者的身份角色進行驗證,然而使用API總有跨域使用狀況的存在,這樣就致使全部基於cookie驗證方式都再也不適用於API的驗證。數據庫
好比,基於form表單驗證的基礎是登陸驗證成功後,用戶的信息存在緩存或數據庫或cookie,不管哪一種方式存儲用戶信息,都不能繞過對cookie的使用,因此form表單驗證方法對於禁用cookie的瀏覽器都不能正常使用,結論就是不能使用cookie 的環境就不能使用基本的form表單驗證方式。所以WEB API 因爲跨域的使用,致使cookie不能正常工做,因此不能再使用基於表單驗證的方式來實現。api
方法一:跨域
1. 實現對緩存TOKEN的管理,以防IIS服務器的宕機,能夠對TOKEN進行持久化存儲處理,每次IIS重啓從新初始化已經登陸成功TOKEN緩存。實現以下:瀏覽器
1 public class UserTokenManager 2 { 3 private static readonly IUserTokenRepository _tokenRep; 4 private const string TOKENNAME = "PASSPORT.TOKEN"; 5 6 static UserTokenManager() 7 { 8 _tokenRep = ContainerManager.Resolve<IUserTokenRepository>(); 9 } 10 /// <summary> 11 /// 初始化緩存 12 /// </summary> 13 private static List<UserToken> InitCache() 14 { 15 if (HttpRuntime.Cache[TOKENNAME] == null) 16 { 17 var tokens = _tokenRep.GetAll(); 18 // cache 的過時時間, 令牌過時時間 *2 19 HttpRuntime.Cache.Insert(TOKENNAME, tokens, null, System.Web.Caching.Cache.NoAbsoluteExpiration, TimeSpan.FromDays(7 * 2)); 20 } 21 var ts = (List<UserToken>)HttpRuntime.Cache[TOKENNAME]; 22 return ts; 23 } 24 25 26 public static int GetUId(string token) 27 { 28 var tokens = InitCache(); 29 var result = 0; 30 if (tokens.Count > 0) 31 { 32 var id = tokens.Where(c => c.Token == token).Select(c => c.UId).FirstOrDefault(); 33 if (id != null) 34 result = id.Value; 35 } 36 return result; 37 } 38 39 40 public static string GetPermission(string token) 41 { 42 var tokens = InitCache(); 43 if (tokens.Count == 0) 44 return "NoAuthorize"; 45 else 46 return tokens.Where(c => c.Token == token).Select(c => c.Permission).FirstOrDefault(); 47 } 48 49 public static string GetUserType(string token) 50 { 51 var tokens = InitCache(); 52 if (tokens.Count == 0) 53 return ""; 54 else 55 return tokens.Where(c => c.Token == token).Select(c => c.UserType).FirstOrDefault(); 56 } 57 58 /// <summary> 59 /// 判斷令牌是否存在 60 /// </summary> 61 /// <param name="token"></param> 62 /// <returns></returns> 63 public static bool IsExistToken(string token) 64 { 65 var tokens = InitCache(); 66 if (tokens.Count == 0) return false; 67 else 68 { 69 var t = tokens.Where(c => c.Token == token).FirstOrDefault(); 70 if (t == null) 71 return false; 72 else if (t.Timeout < DateTime.Now) 73 { 74 RemoveToken(t); 75 return false; 76 } 77 else 78 { 79 // 小於8小時 更新過時時間 80 if ((t.Timeout - DateTime.Now).TotalMinutes < 1 * 60 - 1) 81 { 82 t.Timeout = DateTime.Now.AddHours(8); 83 UpdateToken(t); 84 } 85 return true; 86 } 87 88 } 89 } 90 91 /// <summary> 92 /// 添加令牌, 沒有則添加,有則更新 93 /// </summary> 94 /// <param name="token"></param> 95 public static void AddToken(UserToken token) 96 { 97 var tokens = InitCache(); 98 // 不存在 怎增長 99 if (!IsExistToken(token.Token)) 100 { 101 token.ID = 0; 102 tokens.Add(token); 103 // 插入數據庫 104 _tokenRep.Add(token); 105 } 106 else // 有則更新 107 { 108 UpdateToken(token); 109 } 110 } 111 112 public static bool UpdateToken(UserToken token) 113 { 114 var tokens = InitCache(); 115 if (tokens.Count == 0) return false; 116 else 117 { 118 var t = tokens.Where(c => c.Token == token.Token).FirstOrDefault(); 119 if (t == null) 120 return false; 121 t.Timeout = token.Timeout; 122 // 更新數據庫 123 var tt = _tokenRep.FindByToken(token.Token); 124 if (tt != null) 125 { 126 tt.UserType = token.UserType; 127 tt.UId = token.UId; 128 tt.Permission = token.Permission; 129 tt.Timeout = token.Timeout; 130 _tokenRep.Update(tt); 131 } 132 return true; 133 } 134 } 135 /// <summary> 136 /// 移除指定令牌 137 /// </summary> 138 /// <param name="token"></param> 139 /// <returns></returns> 140 public static void RemoveToken(UserToken token) 141 { 142 var tokens = InitCache(); 143 if (tokens.Count == 0) return; 144 tokens.Remove(token); 145 _tokenRep.Remove(token); 146 } 147 148 public static void RemoveToken(string token) 149 { 150 var tokens = InitCache(); 151 if (tokens.Count == 0) return; 152 153 var ts = tokens.Where(c => c.Token == token).ToList(); 154 foreach (var t in ts) 155 { 156 tokens.Remove(t); 157 var tt = _tokenRep.FindByToken(t.Token); 158 if (tt != null) 159 _tokenRep.Remove(tt); 160 } 161 } 162 163 164 public static void RemoveToken(int uid) 165 { 166 var tokens = InitCache(); 167 if (tokens.Count == 0) return; 168 169 var ts = tokens.Where(c => c.UId == uid).ToList(); 170 foreach (var t in ts) 171 { 172 tokens.Remove(t); 173 var tt = _tokenRep.FindByToken(t.Token); 174 if (tt != null) 175 _tokenRep.Remove(tt); 176 } 177 } 178 }
2. 新建ApiAuthorizeAttribute類,繼承AuthorizeAttribute,重寫方法IsAuthorized,這樣基於TOKEN驗證方式就完成了。實現以下:緩存
1 public class ApiAuthorizeAttribute : AuthorizeAttribute 2 { 3 protected override bool IsAuthorized(HttpActionContext actionContext) 4 { 5 // 驗證token 6 //var token = actionContext.Request.Headers.Authorization; 7 var ts = actionContext.Request.Headers.Where(c => c.Key.ToLower() == "token").FirstOrDefault().Value; 8 if (ts != null && ts.Count() > 0) 9 { 10 var token = ts.First<string>(); 11 // 驗證token 12 if (!UserTokenManager.IsExistToken(token)) 13 { 14 return false; 15 } 16 return true; 17 } 18 19 if (actionContext.Request.Method == HttpMethod.Options) 20 return true; 21 return false; 22 } 23 }
3. 登陸實現服務器
1 /// <summary> 2 /// 帳戶 3 /// </summary> 4 public class AccountController : ApiController 5 { 6 /// <summary> 7 /// 登陸 8 /// </summary> 9 /// <param name="user">登陸人員信息: 帳號,密碼 ,是否記住密碼</param> 10 /// <returns></returns> 11 [HttpPost] 12 [AllowAnonymous] 13 public ResultData Login([FromBody]LoginUser user) 14 { 15 string mobile = user.Mobile; 16 string password = user.Password; 17 bool IsRememberMe = user.IsRememberMe; 18 19 if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(mobile) || string.IsNullOrEmpty(password)) 20 return new ResultData(((int)LoginResultEnum.UserNameOrPasswordError), EnumExtension.GetEnumDescription(LoginResultEnum.UserNameOrPasswordError)); 21 22 User u=null; 23 IMembershipService membershipSvc = ContainerManager.Container.Resolve<IMembershipService>(); 24 LoginResultEnum loginResult = membershipSvc.Login(mobile, password, out u); 25 if (loginResult == LoginResultEnum.Success) 26 { 27 //SetAuthenticationTicket(u, IsRememberMe); 28 29 // token 處理 30 UserTokenManager.RemoveToken(u.ID); 31 // 生成新Token 32 var token = Utility.MD5Encrypt(string.Format("{0}{1}", Guid.NewGuid().ToString("D"), DateTime.Now.Ticks)); 33 // token過時時間 34 int timeout = 8; 35 if (!int.TryParse(ConfigurationManager.AppSettings["TokenTimeout"], out timeout)) 36 timeout = 8; 37 // 建立新token 38 var ut = new UserToken() 39 { 40 Token = token, 41 Timeout = DateTime.Now.AddHours(timeout), 42 UId = u.ID, 43 UserType = (u.IsSaler.HasValue && u.IsSaler.Value) ? "Saler" : "Vip" 44 }; 45 46 UserTokenManager.AddToken(ut); 47 48 49 // 登陸log 50 var logRep = ContainerManager.Container.Resolve<ISysLogRepository>(); 51 var log = new Log() 52 { 53 Action = "Login", 54 Detail = "會員登陸:" + u.Mobile + "|" + u.Name, 55 CreateDate = DateTime.Now, 56 CreatorLoginName = u.Mobile, 57 IpAddress = GetClientIp(this.Request) 58 }; 59 60 logRep.Add(log); 61 62 var data = new 63 { 64 id = u.ID, 65 issaler = u.IsSaler.HasValue ? u.IsSaler.Value : false, 66 mobile = u.Mobile, 67 token = token 68 }; 69 var result = new ResultData(data); 70 result.desc = "登陸成功"; 71 return result; 72 } 73 74 if (loginResult == LoginResultEnum.UserNameUnExists) 75 { 76 return new ResultData(((int)LoginResultEnum.UserNameUnExists), EnumExtension.GetEnumDescription(LoginResultEnum.UserNameUnExists)); 77 } 78 if (loginResult == LoginResultEnum.VerifyCodeError) 79 { 80 return new ResultData(((int)LoginResultEnum.VerifyCodeError), EnumExtension.GetEnumDescription(LoginResultEnum.VerifyCodeError)); 81 } 82 if (loginResult == LoginResultEnum.UserNameOrPasswordError) 83 { 84 return new ResultData(((int)LoginResultEnum.UserNameOrPasswordError), EnumExtension.GetEnumDescription(LoginResultEnum.UserNameOrPasswordError)); 85 } 86 return new ResultData(ResultType.UnknowError, "登陸失敗,緣由未知"); 87 } 88 /// <summary> 89 /// 退出當前帳號 90 /// </summary> 91 /// <returns></returns> 92 [HttpPost] 93 public ResultData SignOut() 94 { 95 // 登陸log 96 var logRep = ContainerManager.Resolve<ISysLogRepository>(); 97 var log = new Log() 98 { 99 Action = "SignOut", 100 Detail = "會員退出:" + RISContext.Current.CurrentUserInfo.UserName, 101 CreateDate = DateTime.Now, 102 CreatorLoginName = RISContext.Current.CurrentUserInfo.UserName, 103 IpAddress = GetClientIp(this.Request) 104 }; 105 logRep.Add(log); 106 //System.Web.Security.FormsAuthentication.SignOut(); 107 UserTokenManager.RemoveToken(this.Token); 108 return new ResultData(ResultType.Success, "退出成功"); 109 } 110 }
4. 測試APIcookie
這樣就能夠配合.NET原有的 AllowAnonymousAttribute 屬性使用, 使用方法以下:
不須要驗證身份的 類或者Action 添加 [AllowAnonymous]屬性,不然添加[ApiAuthorize]ide
1 /// <summary> 2 /// 測試 3 /// </summary> 4 [ApiAuthorize] 5 public class TestController : BaseApiController 6 { 7 /// <summary> 8 /// 測試權限1 9 /// </summary> 10 [HttpGet] 11 public string TestAuthorize1() 12 { 13 return "TestAuthorize1"; 14 } 15 /// <summary> 16 /// 測試權限2 17 /// </summary> 18 [AllowAnonymous] 19 [HttpGet] 20 public string TestAuthorize2() 21 { 22 return "TestAuthorize2"; 23 } 24 }
測試一:測試
1 //TestAuthorize 2 function TestAuthorize1() { 3 $.ajax({ 4 type: "get", 5 url: host + "/mobileapi/test/TestAuthorize1", 6 dataType: "text", 7 data: {}, 8 beforeSend: function (request) { 9 request.setRequestHeader("token", $("#token").val()); // 請求發起前在頭部附加token 10 }, 11 success: function (data) { 12 alert(data); 13 }, 14 error: function (x, y, z) { 15 alert("報錯無語"); 16 } 17 }); 18 }
結果以下:
測試二:
1 //TestAuthorize 2 function TestAuthorize2() { 3 $.ajax({ 4 type: "get", 5 url: host + "/mobileapi/test/TestAuthorize2", 6 dataType: "text", 7 data: {}, 8 beforeSend: function (request) { 9 request.setRequestHeader("token", $("#token").val()); // 請求發起前在頭部附加token 10 }, 11 success: function (data) { 12 alert(data); 13 }, 14 error: function (x, y, z) { 15 alert("報錯無語"); 16 } 17 }); 18 }
結果以下:
測試三:
1 //TestAuthorize 2 function TestAuthorize1() { 3 $.ajax({ 4 type: "get", 5 url: host + "/mobileapi/test/TestAuthorize1", 6 dataType: "text", 7 data: {}, 8 beforeSend: function (request) { 9 //request.setRequestHeader("token", $("#token").val()); // 請求發起前在頭部附加token 10 }, 11 success: function (data) { 12 alert(data); 13 }, 14 error: function (x, y, z) { 15 alert("報錯無語"); 16 } 17 }); 18 }
結果以下:
測試四:
1 //TestAuthorize 2 function TestAuthorize2() { 3 $.ajax({ 4 type: "get", 5 url: host + "/mobileapi/test/TestAuthorize2", 6 dataType: "text", 7 data: {}, 8 beforeSend: function (request) { 9 //request.setRequestHeader("token", $("#token").val()); // 請求發起前在頭部附加token 10 }, 11 success: function (data) { 12 alert(data); 13 }, 14 error: function (x, y, z) { 15 alert("報錯無語"); 16 } 17 }); 18 }
結果以下:
方法二:
此方法缺點就是每次請求都須要附帶token請求參數,這對於有強迫症的程序猿來講是一種折磨,不細說,實現代碼以下,有須要的本身研究研究:
1 /// <summary> 2 /// 用戶令牌驗證 3 /// </summary> 4 public class TokenAuthorizeAttribute : ActionFilterAttribute 5 { 6 private const string UserToken = "token"; 7 public override void OnActionExecuting(HttpActionContext actionContext) 8 { 9 // 匿名訪問驗證 10 var anonymousAction = actionContext.ActionDescriptor.GetCustomAttributes<AllowAnonymousAttribute>(); 11 if (!anonymousAction.Any()) 12 { 13 // 驗證token 14 var token = TokenVerification(actionContext); 15 } 16 base.OnActionExecuting(actionContext); 17 } 18 19 /// <summary> 20 /// 身份令牌驗證 21 /// </summary> 22 /// <param name="actionContext"></param> 23 protected virtual string TokenVerification(HttpActionContext actionContext) 24 { 25 string msg = ""; 26 // 獲取token 27 var token = GetToken(actionContext, out msg); 28 if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(msg)) 29 actionContext.Response = actionContext.Request.CreateResponse<NoAuthData>(System.Net.HttpStatusCode.OK, new NoAuthData() { code = "401", msg = msg }); 30 // 判斷token是否有效 31 if (!UserTokenManager.IsExistToken(token)) 32 { 33 actionContext.Response = actionContext.Request.CreateResponse<NoAuthData>(System.Net.HttpStatusCode.OK, new NoAuthData() { code = "401", msg = "Token已失效,請從新登陸!" }); 34 //actionContext.Response = actionContext.Request.CreateResponse<NoAuthData>(System.Net.HttpStatusCode.Unauthorized, new NoAuthData() { code = "401", msg = "Token已失效,請從新登陸!" }); 35 // actionContext.Response = actionContext.Request.CreateErrorResponse(System.Net.HttpStatusCode.Unauthorized, "Token已失效,請從新登陸!"); 36 } 37 38 return token; 39 } 40 41 private string GetToken(HttpActionContext actionContext, out string msg) 42 { 43 Dictionary<string, object> actionArguments = actionContext.ActionArguments; 44 HttpMethod type = actionContext.Request.Method; 45 msg = ""; 46 var token = ""; 47 if (type == HttpMethod.Post) 48 { 49 if (actionArguments.ContainsKey(UserToken)) 50 { 51 if (actionArguments[UserToken] != null) 52 token = actionArguments[UserToken].ToString(); 53 } 54 else 55 { 56 foreach (var value in actionArguments.Values) 57 { 58 if (value != null && value.GetType().GetProperty(UserToken) != null) 59 token = value.GetType().GetProperty(UserToken).GetValue(value, null).ToString(); 60 } 61 } 62 63 if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(token)) 64 msg = "登陸超時,請從新登陸!"; 65 } 66 else if (type == HttpMethod.Get) 67 { 68 if (!actionArguments.ContainsKey(UserToken)) 69 msg = "還未登陸"; 70 // throw new HttpException(401, "還未登陸"); 71 72 if (actionArguments[UserToken] != null) 73 token = actionArguments[UserToken].ToString(); 74 else 75 msg = "登陸超時,請從新登陸!"; 76 } 77 else 78 { 79 throw new HttpException(404, "暫未開放除POST,GET以外的訪問方式!"); 80 } 81 return token; 82 } 83 } 84 85 public class NoAuthData 86 { 87 public string code { get; set; } 88 public string msg { get; set; } 89 }
此篇到此結束,歡迎你們討論!