Linux系統WEB服務之Nginx基礎入門
1、Nginxi簡介javascript
Nginx是什麼？它是一個開源、高性能的WEB服務器軟件和代理服務器軟件，由俄羅斯人Igor Sysoev 開發實現。它的功能主要分三類，第一是它做爲一個WEB服務軟件使用；第二它可做爲一個反向代理服務器使用，郵件代理服務（一般郵件代理用的很是少）；第三它能夠基於upstream 或stream模塊實現負載均衡，這種負載均衡是基於前面的反向代理增長的功能，它能夠基於http協議進行應用層代理，也能夠基於tcp協議進行僞四層代理（它不是真正意義上的四層代理，由於它工做在應用層）；php
2、Nginx的程序架構css
Nginx是master/worker架構，由一個master主控進程和一個或多個worker進程組成；master進程主要功能是負責加載和分析配置文件、管理worker進程、平滑升級；worker進程主要負責處理並響應客戶端的請求。每一個worker進程依靠各類模塊以流水線的形式實現各類功能處理；面向客戶端網絡IO鏈接請求，nginx的worker進程是基於事件驅動模型使用epoll機制來實現一個worker進程能夠處理響應多路請求，若是是BSD系統，它可使用kevent事件驅動模型實現一個worker進程處理並響應多路請求，從而實現高併發請求處理；面向本地磁盤IO鏈接請求，它是基於高級IO的sendfile機制，AIO異步機制和mmap內存映射機制，內核直接構建響應報文來完成磁盤IO的高級特性；面向網絡IO它不是真正意義上的實現一個純異步的功能，對於網絡IO的第一階段（數據從磁盤到內核內存）是非阻塞，異步模式，第二階段（內核內存到進程內存）依然是阻塞的，因此從某種意義上講它在網絡IO上不是一個真正意義上的異步機制，對於磁盤IO它是一個純異步機制；當客戶端發送一個請求到Nginx服務器時，由一個worker進程接收請求，首先它會基於某種策略（根據配置文件中配置），來肯定用戶請求是否查詢本地緩存，若是配置文件中定義的有某某資源須要查詢緩存，那麼它就會去本地磁盤去查詢緩存，若是有，就直接把緩存內容響應給客戶端，若是本地緩存裏沒有客戶端請求的資源，那麼它會經過代理向後端發送請求，並將後端服務器返回的結果在本地緩存一份，而後再發送給客戶端；這樣一來當客戶端或者其餘客戶端再來訪問同一資源時，它就能夠直接從本地緩存中響應客戶端；這就是nginx緩存工做邏輯；除此以外，它還能夠基於各類協議去代理後端服務器，前端客戶端請求到達nginx服務器，它會根據配置文件中定義的規則，把客戶端請求代理到後端服務器，從而實現反向代理服務器響應客戶端請求；html
3、Nginx的安裝配置前端
一、編譯安裝java
首先準備編譯環境python
[root@www ~]# yum groupinstall "development tools" "server platform development" Loaded plugins: fastestmirror There is no installed groups file. Maybe run: yum groups mark convert (see man yum) Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: mirrors.163.com * extras: mirrors.163.com * updates: mirrors.aliyun.com Warning: group server platform development does not exist. Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package autoconf.noarch 0:2.69-11.el7 will be installed --> Processing Dependency: m4 >= 1.4.14 for package: autoconf-2.69-11.el7.noarch ---> Package automake.noarch 0:1.13.4-3.el7 will be installed --> Processing Dependency: perl(Thread::Queue) for package: automake-1.13.4-3.el7.noarch ……省略部份內容 Installed: autoconf.noarch 0:2.69-11.el7 automake.noarch 0:1.13.4-3.el7 bison.x86_64 0:3.0.4-2.el7 byacc.x86_64 0:1.9.20130304-3.el7 cscope.x86_64 0:15.8-10.el7 ctags.x86_64 0:5.8-13.el7 diffstat.x86_64 0:1.57-4.el7 doxygen.x86_64 1:1.8.5-3.el7 elfutils.x86_64 0:0.176-2.el7 flex.x86_64 0:2.5.37-6.el7 gcc.x86_64 0:4.8.5-39.el7 gcc-c++.x86_64 0:4.8.5-39.el7 gcc-gfortran.x86_64 0:4.8.5-39.el7 git.x86_64 0:1.8.3.1-21.el7_7 indent.x86_64 0:2.2.11-13.el7 intltool.noarch 0:0.50.2-7.el7 libtool.x86_64 0:2.4.2-22.el7_3 patch.x86_64 0:2.7.1-12.el7_7 patchutils.x86_64 0:0.3.3-4.el7 rcs.x86_64 0:5.9.0-5.el7 redhat-rpm-config.noarch 0:9.1.0-88.el7.centos rpm-build.x86_64 0:4.11.3-40.el7 rpm-sign.x86_64 0:4.11.3-40.el7 subversion.x86_64 0:1.7.14-14.el7 swig.x86_64 0:2.0.10-5.el7 systemtap.x86_64 0:4.0-10.el7_7 Dependency Installed: apr.x86_64 0:1.4.8-5.el7 apr-util.x86_64 0:1.5.2-6.el7 avahi-libs.x86_64 0:0.6.31-19.el7 boost-date-time.x86_64 0:1.53.0-27.el7 boost-system.x86_64 0:1.53.0-27.el7 boost-thread.x86_64 0:1.53.0-27.el7 bzip2.x86_64 0:1.0.6-13.el7 cpp.x86_64 0:4.8.5-39.el7 dwz.x86_64 0:0.11-3.el7 dyninst.x86_64 0:9.3.1-3.el7 efivar-libs.x86_64 0:36-12.el7 emacs-filesystem.noarch 1:24.3-22.el7 gdb.x86_64 0:7.6.1-115.el7 gettext-common-devel.noarch 0:0.19.8.1-2.el7 gettext-devel.x86_64 0:0.19.8.1-2.el7 glibc-devel.x86_64 0:2.17-292.el7 glibc-headers.x86_64 0:2.17-292.el7 gnutls.x86_64 0:3.3.29-9.el7_6 json-c.x86_64 0:0.11-4.el7_0 kernel-debug-devel.x86_64 0:3.10.0-1062.12.1.el7 kernel-headers.x86_64 0:3.10.0-1062.12.1.el7 libdwarf.x86_64 0:20130207-4.el7 libgfortran.x86_64 0:4.8.5-39.el7 libmodman.x86_64 0:2.0.1-8.el7 libmpc.x86_64 0:1.0.1-3.el7 libproxy.x86_64 0:0.4.11-11.el7 libquadmath.x86_64 0:4.8.5-39.el7 libquadmath-devel.x86_64 0:4.8.5-39.el7 libstdc++-devel.x86_64 0:4.8.5-39.el7 m4.x86_64 0:1.4.16-10.el7 mokutil.x86_64 0:15-2.el7.centos mpfr.x86_64 0:3.1.1-4.el7 neon.x86_64 0:0.30.0-4.el7 nettle.x86_64 0:2.7.1-8.el7 pakchois.x86_64 0:0.4-10.el7 perl-Error.noarch 1:0.17020-2.el7 perl-Git.noarch 0:1.8.3.1-21.el7_7 perl-TermReadKey.x86_64 0:2.30-20.el7 perl-Test-Harness.noarch 0:3.28-3.el7 perl-Thread-Queue.noarch 0:3.02-2.el7 perl-XML-Parser.x86_64 0:2.41-10.el7 perl-srpm-macros.noarch 0:1-8.el7 python-srpm-macros.noarch 0:3-32.el7 rsync.x86_64 0:3.1.2-6.el7_6.1 subversion-libs.x86_64 0:1.7.14-14.el7 systemtap-client.x86_64 0:4.0-10.el7_7 systemtap-devel.x86_64 0:4.0-10.el7_7 systemtap-runtime.x86_64 0:4.0-10.el7_7 trousers.x86_64 0:0.3.14-2.el7 unzip.x86_64 0:6.0-20.el7 zip.x86_64 0:3.0-11.el7 Dependency Updated: elfutils-libelf.x86_64 0:0.176-2.el7 elfutils-libs.x86_64 0:0.176-2.el7 glibc.x86_64 0:2.17-292.el7 glibc-common.x86_64 0:2.17-292.el7 libgcc.x86_64 0:4.8.5-39.el7 libgomp.x86_64 0:4.8.5-39.el7 libstdc++.x86_64 0:4.8.5-39.el7 rpm.x86_64 0:4.11.3-40.el7 rpm-build-libs.x86_64 0:4.11.3-40.el7 rpm-libs.x86_64 0:4.11.3-40.el7 rpm-python.x86_64 0:4.11.3-40.el7 Complete! [root@www ~]#
提示：基礎的編譯環境基本搭建完，接下來再裝幾個nginx依賴的包linux
[root@www ~]# yum install pcre-devel openssl-devel zlib-devel -y Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: mirrors.163.com * extras: mirrors.163.com * updates: mirrors.aliyun.com Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package openssl-devel.x86_64 1:1.0.2k-19.el7 will be installed --> Processing Dependency: openssl-libs(x86-64) = 1:1.0.2k-19.el7 for package: 1:openssl-devel-1.0.2k-19.el7.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: krb5-devel(x86-64) for package: 1:openssl-devel-1.0.2k-19.el7.x86_64 ---> Package pcre-devel.x86_64 0:8.32-17.el7 will be installed ……省略部份內容 Installed: openssl-devel.x86_64 1:1.0.2k-19.el7 pcre-devel.x86_64 0:8.32-17.el7 zlib-devel.x86_64 0:1.2.7-18.el7 Dependency Installed: keyutils-libs-devel.x86_64 0:1.5.8-3.el7 krb5-devel.x86_64 0:1.15.1-37.el7_7.2 libcom_err-devel.x86_64 0:1.42.9-16.el7 libkadm5.x86_64 0:1.15.1-37.el7_7.2 libselinux-devel.x86_64 0:2.5-14.1.el7 libsepol-devel.x86_64 0:2.5-10.el7 libverto-devel.x86_64 0:0.2.5-4.el7 Dependency Updated: e2fsprogs.x86_64 0:1.42.9-16.el7 e2fsprogs-libs.x86_64 0:1.42.9-16.el7 krb5-libs.x86_64 0:1.15.1-37.el7_7.2 libcom_err.x86_64 0:1.42.9-16.el7 libselinux.x86_64 0:2.5-14.1.el7 libselinux-python.x86_64 0:2.5-14.1.el7 libselinux-utils.x86_64 0:2.5-14.1.el7 libsepol.x86_64 0:2.5-10.el7 libss.x86_64 0:1.42.9-16.el7 openssl.x86_64 1:1.0.2k-19.el7 openssl-libs.x86_64 1:1.0.2k-19.el7 zlib.x86_64 0:1.2.7-18.el7 Complete! [root@www ~]#
提示：環境準備好了後咱們就開始準備源碼包和建立nginx用戶nginx
先建立用戶吧c++
[root@www ~]# useradd -r -s /sbin/nologin -c "web server for nginx" -d /var/lib/nginx nginx [root@www ~]# getent passwd nginx nginx:x:997:995:web server for nginx:/var/lib/nginx:/sbin/nologin [root@www ~]#
提示：通常這個用戶用於運行nginx，因此一般都建立成shell類型爲/sbin/nologin
下載源碼包，並解壓源碼包
[root@www ~]# ls [root@www ~]# wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.10.3.tar.gz --2020-02-14 04:45:51-- http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.10.3.tar.gz Resolving nginx.org (nginx.org)... 95.211.80.227, 62.210.92.35, 2001:1af8:4060:a004:21::e3 Connecting to nginx.org (nginx.org)|95.211.80.227|:80... connected. HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK Length: 911509 (890K) [application/octet-stream] Saving to: ‘nginx-1.10.3.tar.gz’ 100%[=================================================================================================================================>] 911,509 4.73KB/s in 1m 53s 2020-02-14 04:47:45 (7.87 KB/s) - ‘nginx-1.10.3.tar.gz’ saved [911509/911509] [root@www ~]# ls nginx-1.10.3.tar.gz [root@www ~]# tar xf nginx-1.10.3.tar.gz [root@www ~]# cd nginx-1.10.3 [root@www nginx-1.10.3]# ls auto CHANGES CHANGES.ru conf configure contrib html LICENSE man README src [root@www nginx-1.10.3]#
提示：接下來咱們須要指定編譯選項，編譯選項說明可經過./configure --help查看
[root@www nginx-1.10.3]# ./configure --help
--help print this message
--prefix=PATH set installation prefix
--sbin-path=PATH set nginx binary pathname
--modules-path=PATH set modules path
--conf-path=PATH set nginx.conf pathname
--error-log-path=PATH set error log pathname
--pid-path=PATH set nginx.pid pathname
--lock-path=PATH set nginx.lock pathname
--user=USER set non-privileged user for
worker processes
--group=GROUP set non-privileged group for
worker processes
--build=NAME set build name
--builddir=DIR set build directory
--with-select_module enable select module
--without-select_module disable select module
--with-poll_module enable poll module
--without-poll_module disable poll module
--with-threads enable thread pool support
--with-file-aio enable file AIO support
--with-ipv6 enable IPv6 support
--with-http_ssl_module enable ngx_http_ssl_module
--with-http_v2_module enable ngx_http_v2_module
--with-http_realip_module enable ngx_http_realip_module
--with-http_addition_module enable ngx_http_addition_module
--with-http_xslt_module enable ngx_http_xslt_module
--with-http_xslt_module=dynamic enable dynamic ngx_http_xslt_module
--with-http_image_filter_module enable ngx_http_image_filter_module
--with-http_image_filter_module=dynamic
enable dynamic ngx_http_image_filter_module
--with-http_geoip_module enable ngx_http_geoip_module
--with-http_geoip_module=dynamic enable dynamic ngx_http_geoip_module
--with-http_sub_module enable ngx_http_sub_module
--with-http_dav_module enable ngx_http_dav_module
--with-http_flv_module enable ngx_http_flv_module
--with-http_mp4_module enable ngx_http_mp4_module
--with-http_gunzip_module enable ngx_http_gunzip_module
--with-http_gzip_static_module enable ngx_http_gzip_static_module
--with-http_auth_request_module enable ngx_http_auth_request_module
--with-http_random_index_module enable ngx_http_random_index_module
--with-http_secure_link_module enable ngx_http_secure_link_module
--with-http_degradation_module enable ngx_http_degradation_module
--with-http_slice_module enable ngx_http_slice_module
--with-http_stub_status_module enable ngx_http_stub_status_module
--without-http_charset_module disable ngx_http_charset_module
--without-http_gzip_module disable ngx_http_gzip_module
--without-http_ssi_module disable ngx_http_ssi_module
--without-http_userid_module disable ngx_http_userid_module
--without-http_access_module disable ngx_http_access_module
--without-http_auth_basic_module disable ngx_http_auth_basic_module
--without-http_autoindex_module disable ngx_http_autoindex_module
--without-http_geo_module disable ngx_http_geo_module
--without-http_map_module disable ngx_http_map_module
--without-http_split_clients_module disable ngx_http_split_clients_module
--without-http_referer_module disable ngx_http_referer_module
--without-http_rewrite_module disable ngx_http_rewrite_module
--without-http_proxy_module disable ngx_http_proxy_module
--without-http_fastcgi_module disable ngx_http_fastcgi_module
--without-http_uwsgi_module disable ngx_http_uwsgi_module
--without-http_scgi_module disable ngx_http_scgi_module
--without-http_memcached_module disable ngx_http_memcached_module
--without-http_limit_conn_module disable ngx_http_limit_conn_module
--without-http_limit_req_module disable ngx_http_limit_req_module
--without-http_empty_gif_module disable ngx_http_empty_gif_module
--without-http_browser_module disable ngx_http_browser_module
--without-http_upstream_hash_module
disable ngx_http_upstream_hash_module
--without-http_upstream_ip_hash_module
disable ngx_http_upstream_ip_hash_module
--without-http_upstream_least_conn_module
disable ngx_http_upstream_least_conn_module
--without-http_upstream_keepalive_module
disable ngx_http_upstream_keepalive_module
--without-http_upstream_zone_module
disable ngx_http_upstream_zone_module
--with-http_perl_module enable ngx_http_perl_module
--with-http_perl_module=dynamic enable dynamic ngx_http_perl_module
--with-perl_modules_path=PATH set Perl modules path
--with-perl=PATH set perl binary pathname
--http-log-path=PATH set http access log pathname
--http-client-body-temp-path=PATH set path to store
http client request body temporary files
--http-proxy-temp-path=PATH set path to store
http proxy temporary files
--http-fastcgi-temp-path=PATH set path to store
http fastcgi temporary files
--http-uwsgi-temp-path=PATH set path to store
http uwsgi temporary files
--http-scgi-temp-path=PATH set path to store
http scgi temporary files
--without-http disable HTTP server
--without-http-cache disable HTTP cache
--with-mail enable POP3/IMAP4/SMTP proxy module
--with-mail=dynamic enable dynamic POP3/IMAP4/SMTP proxy module
--with-mail_ssl_module enable ngx_mail_ssl_module
--without-mail_pop3_module disable ngx_mail_pop3_module
--without-mail_imap_module disable ngx_mail_imap_module
--without-mail_smtp_module disable ngx_mail_smtp_module
--with-stream enable TCP/UDP proxy module
--with-stream=dynamic enable dynamic TCP/UDP proxy module
--with-stream_ssl_module enable ngx_stream_ssl_module
--without-stream_limit_conn_module disable ngx_stream_limit_conn_module
--without-stream_access_module disable ngx_stream_access_module
--without-stream_upstream_hash_module
disable ngx_stream_upstream_hash_module
--without-stream_upstream_least_conn_module
disable ngx_stream_upstream_least_conn_module
--without-stream_upstream_zone_module
disable ngx_stream_upstream_zone_module
--with-google_perftools_module enable ngx_google_perftools_module
--with-cpp_test_module enable ngx_cpp_test_module
--add-module=PATH enable external module
--add-dynamic-module=PATH enable dynamic external module
--with-cc=PATH set C compiler pathname
--with-cpp=PATH set C preprocessor pathname
--with-cc-opt=OPTIONS set additional C compiler options
--with-ld-opt=OPTIONS set additional linker options
--with-cpu-opt=CPU build for the specified CPU, valid values:
pentium, pentiumpro, pentium3, pentium4,
athlon, opteron, sparc32, sparc64, ppc64
--without-pcre disable PCRE library usage
--with-pcre force PCRE library usage
--with-pcre=DIR set path to PCRE library sources
--with-pcre-opt=OPTIONS set additional build options for PCRE
--with-pcre-jit build PCRE with JIT compilation support
--with-md5=DIR set path to md5 library sources
--with-md5-opt=OPTIONS set additional build options for md5
--with-md5-asm use md5 assembler sources
--with-sha1=DIR set path to sha1 library sources
--with-sha1-opt=OPTIONS set additional build options for sha1
--with-sha1-asm use sha1 assembler sources
--with-zlib=DIR set path to zlib library sources
--with-zlib-opt=OPTIONS set additional build options for zlib
--with-zlib-asm=CPU use zlib assembler sources optimized
for the specified CPU, valid values:
pentium, pentiumpro
--with-libatomic force libatomic_ops library usage
--with-libatomic=DIR set path to libatomic_ops library sources
--with-openssl=DIR set path to OpenSSL library sources
--with-openssl-opt=OPTIONS set additional build options for OpenSSL
--with-debug enable debug logging
[root@www nginx-1.10.3]#
提示：nginx的編譯選項大體能夠劃分三類，通常以--with開頭表示默認不裝載的模塊或功能，咱們若是須要使用須要手動指定，其次是--without開頭的表示默認咱們不指定就有點功能或模塊，若是咱們不須要該功能或模塊，可手動指定；最後就是添加第三方模塊可使用 --add-module來加載第三方模塊，第三方模塊動態加載，在1.9.11版本後才支持，可使用--add-dynamic-module來加載，其餘選項幾乎同其餘編譯軟件相似；
指定編譯選項，檢查編譯環境
[root@www nginx-1.10.3]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/share/nginx \ > --sbin-path=/usr/sbin/nginx \ > --modules-path=/usr/lib64/nginx/modules \ > --conf-path=/etc/nginx/nginx.conf \ > --error-log-path=/var/log/nginx/error.log \ > --http-log-path=/var/log/nginx/access.log \ > --http-client-body-temp-path=/var/lib/nginx/tmp/client_body \ > --http-proxy-temp-path=/var/lib/nginx/tmp/proxy \ > --http-fastcgi-temp-path=/var/lib/nginx/tmp/fastcgi \ > --http-uwsgi-temp-path=/var/lib/nginx/tmp/uwsgi \ > --http-scgi-temp-path=/var/lib/nginx/tmp/scgi \ > --pid-path=/var/run/nginx.pid \ > --lock-path=/var/lock/subsys/nginx \ > --user=nginx \ > --group=nginx \ > --with-file-aio \ > --with-ipv6 \ > --with-http_ssl_module \ > --with-http_v2_module \ > --with-http_realip_module \ > --with-http_addition_module \ > --with-http_xslt_module=dynamic \ > --with-http_image_filter_module=dynamic \ > --with-http_geoip_module=dynamic \ > --with-http_sub_module \ > --with-http_dav_module \ > --with-http_flv_module \ > --with-http_mp4_module \ > --with-http_gunzip_module \ > --with-http_gzip_static_module \ > --with-http_random_index_module \ > --with-http_secure_link_module \ > --with-http_degradation_module \ > --with-http_slice_module \ > --with-http_stub_status_module \ > --with-http_perl_module=dynamic \ > --with-mail=dynamic \ > --with-mail_ssl_module \ > --with-pcre \ > --with-pcre-jit \ > --with-stream=dynamic \ > --with-stream_ssl_module --with-debug \ > --with-cc-opt='-O2 -g -pipe -Wall -Wp,-D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -fexceptions -fstack-protector --param=ssp-buffer-size=4 -m64 -mtune=generic' \ > --with-ld-opt=' -Wl,-E'
提示：以上是yum安裝的nginx編譯時指定的選項，咱們就拿這個用吧，若是有特別的功能添加，能夠指定便可
checking for libxslt in /usr/local/ ... not found checking for libxslt in /usr/pkg/ ... not found checking for libxslt in /opt/local/ ... not found ./configure: error: the HTTP XSLT module requires the libxml2/libxslt libraries. You can either do not enable the module or install the libraries. [root@www nginx-1.10.3]#
提示：在預編譯檢查環境時報錯，說咱們缺乏libxm12或者是libxslt這個包，咱們能夠選擇安裝這兩個包，或者把--with-http_xslt_module=dynamic這個選項給去掉也行；一般狀況下咱們安裝缺乏包的devel包便可
[root@www nginx-1.10.3]# yum install libxml2-devel libxslt-devel -y Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: mirrors.163.com * extras: mirrors.163.com * updates: mirrors.aliyun.com Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package libxml2-devel.x86_64 0:2.9.1-6.el7_2.3 will be installed --> Processing Dependency: xz-devel for package: libxml2-devel-2.9.1-6.el7_2.3.x86_64 ---> Package libxslt-devel.x86_64 0:1.1.28-5.el7 will be installed --> Processing Dependency: libxslt = 1.1.28-5.el7 for package: libxslt-devel-1.1.28-5.el7.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: libgcrypt-devel for package: libxslt-devel-1.1.28-5.el7.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: libxslt.so.1()(64bit) for package: libxslt-devel-1.1.28-5.el7.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: libexslt.so.0()(64bit) for package: libxslt-devel-1.1.28-5.el7.x86_64 --> Running transaction check ---> Package libgcrypt-devel.x86_64 0:1.5.3-14.el7 will be installed --> Processing Dependency: libgpg-error-devel for package: libgcrypt-devel-1.5.3-14.el7.x86_64 ---> Package libxslt.x86_64 0:1.1.28-5.el7 will be installed ---> Package xz-devel.x86_64 0:5.2.2-1.el7 will be installed --> Running transaction check ---> Package libgpg-error-devel.x86_64 0:1.12-3.el7 will be installed --> Finished Dependency Resolution Dependencies Resolved =========================================================================================================================================================================== Package Arch Version Repository Size =========================================================================================================================================================================== Installing: libxml2-devel x86_64 2.9.1-6.el7_2.3 base 1.0 M libxslt-devel x86_64 1.1.28-5.el7 base 309 k Installing for dependencies: libgcrypt-devel x86_64 1.5.3-14.el7 base 129 k libgpg-error-devel x86_64 1.12-3.el7 base 16 k libxslt x86_64 1.1.28-5.el7 base 242 k xz-devel x86_64 5.2.2-1.el7 base 46 k Transaction Summary =========================================================================================================================================================================== Install 2 Packages (+4 Dependent packages) Total download size: 1.8 M Installed size: 12 M Downloading packages: (1/6): libgpg-error-devel-1.12-3.el7.x86_64.rpm | 16 kB 00:00:00 (2/6): libxslt-1.1.28-5.el7.x86_64.rpm | 242 kB 00:00:00 (3/6): xz-devel-5.2.2-1.el7.x86_64.rpm | 46 kB 00:00:00 (4/6): libxml2-devel-2.9.1-6.el7_2.3.x86_64.rpm | 1.0 MB 00:00:02 (5/6): libxslt-devel-1.1.28-5.el7.x86_64.rpm | 309 kB 00:00:06 (6/6): libgcrypt-devel-1.5.3-14.el7.x86_64.rpm | 129 kB 00:00:10 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total 163 kB/s | 1.8 MB 00:00:11 Running transaction check Running transaction test Transaction test succeeded Running transaction Installing : libgpg-error-devel-1.12-3.el7.x86_64 1/6 Installing : libgcrypt-devel-1.5.3-14.el7.x86_64 2/6 Installing : libxslt-1.1.28-5.el7.x86_64 3/6 Installing : xz-devel-5.2.2-1.el7.x86_64 4/6 Installing : libxml2-devel-2.9.1-6.el7_2.3.x86_64 5/6 Installing : libxslt-devel-1.1.28-5.el7.x86_64 6/6 Verifying : xz-devel-5.2.2-1.el7.x86_64 1/6 Verifying : libxml2-devel-2.9.1-6.el7_2.3.x86_64 2/6 Verifying : libxslt-devel-1.1.28-5.el7.x86_64 3/6 Verifying : libxslt-1.1.28-5.el7.x86_64 4/6 Verifying : libgpg-error-devel-1.12-3.el7.x86_64 5/6 Verifying : libgcrypt-devel-1.5.3-14.el7.x86_64 6/6 Installed: libxml2-devel.x86_64 0:2.9.1-6.el7_2.3 libxslt-devel.x86_64 0:1.1.28-5.el7 Dependency Installed: libgcrypt-devel.x86_64 0:1.5.3-14.el7 libgpg-error-devel.x86_64 0:1.12-3.el7 libxslt.x86_64 0:1.1.28-5.el7 xz-devel.x86_64 0:5.2.2-1.el7 Complete! [root@www nginx-1.10.3]#
提示：安裝了這兩個包後，咱們從新運行./configure 加指定的選項，再檢查環境
checking for GD library ... not found checking for GD library in /usr/local/ ... not found checking for GD library in /usr/pkg/ ... not found checking for GD library in /opt/local/ ... not found ./configure: error: the HTTP image filter module requires the GD library. You can either do not enable the module or install the libraries. [root@www nginx-1.10.3]#
提示：從新運行，又報缺乏GD庫，遇到這種缺包的狀況，咱們就想上面那樣，用yum去安裝對應的包和devel包
[root@www nginx-1.10.3]# yum install gd-devel Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: mirrors.163.com * extras: mirrors.163.com * updates: mirrors.aliyun.com Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package gd-devel.x86_64 0:2.0.35-26.el7 will be installed --> Processing Dependency: gd = 2.0.35-26.el7 for package: gd-devel-2.0.35-26.el7.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: libpng-devel for package: gd-devel-2.0.35-26.el7.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: libjpeg-devel for package: gd-devel-2.0.35-26.el7.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: libXpm-devel for package: gd-devel-2.0.35-26.el7.x86_64 ……省略部份內容 Installed: gd.x86_64 0:2.0.35-26.el7 gd-devel.x86_64 0:2.0.35-26.el7 Dependency Installed: dejavu-fonts-common.noarch 0:2.33-6.el7 dejavu-sans-fonts.noarch 0:2.33-6.el7 expat-devel.x86_64 0:2.1.0-10.el7_3 fontconfig.x86_64 0:2.13.0-4.3.el7 fontconfig-devel.x86_64 0:2.13.0-4.3.el7 fontpackages-filesystem.noarch 0:1.44-8.el7 freetype-devel.x86_64 0:2.8-14.el7 libICE.x86_64 0:1.0.9-9.el7 libSM.x86_64 0:1.2.2-2.el7 libX11.x86_64 0:1.6.7-2.el7 libX11-common.noarch 0:1.6.7-2.el7 libX11-devel.x86_64 0:1.6.7-2.el7 libXau.x86_64 0:1.0.8-2.1.el7 libXau-devel.x86_64 0:1.0.8-2.1.el7 libXext.x86_64 0:1.3.3-3.el7 libXpm.x86_64 0:3.5.12-1.el7 libXpm-devel.x86_64 0:3.5.12-1.el7 libXt.x86_64 0:1.1.5-3.el7 libjpeg-turbo.x86_64 0:1.2.90-8.el7 libjpeg-turbo-devel.x86_64 0:1.2.90-8.el7 libpng.x86_64 2:1.5.13-7.el7_2 libpng-devel.x86_64 2:1.5.13-7.el7_2 libsmartcols.x86_64 0:2.23.2-61.el7_7.1 libuuid-devel.x86_64 0:2.23.2-61.el7_7.1 libxcb.x86_64 0:1.13-1.el7 libxcb-devel.x86_64 0:1.13-1.el7 xorg-x11-proto-devel.noarch 0:2018.4-1.el7 Dependency Updated: freetype.x86_64 0:2.8-14.el7 libblkid.x86_64 0:2.23.2-61.el7_7.1 libmount.x86_64 0:2.23.2-61.el7_7.1 libuuid.x86_64 0:2.23.2-61.el7_7.1 util-linux.x86_64 0:2.23.2-61.el7_7.1 Complete! [root@www nginx-1.10.3]#
提示：在搭建編譯環境時，有的包可能來源epel源，因此前期準備工做須要準備好epel源
checking for perl + perl version: This is perl 5, version 16, subversion 3 (v5.16.3) built for x86_64-linux-thread-multi Can't locate ExtUtils/Embed.pm in @INC (@INC contains: /usr/local/lib64/perl5 /usr/local/share/perl5 /usr/lib64/perl5/vendor_perl /usr/share/perl5/vendor_perl /usr/lib64/perl5 /usr/share/perl5 .). BEGIN failed--compilation aborted. ./configure: error: perl module ExtUtils::Embed is required
提示：從新檢查環境報perl-ExtUtils-Embed沒有，咱們perl-devel和perl-Extutils-Embed這個包便可
[root@www nginx-1.10.3]# yum install perl-devel perl-ExtUtils-Embed Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: mirrors.163.com * extras: mirrors.163.com * updates: mirrors.aliyun.com Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package perl-ExtUtils-Embed.noarch 0:1.30-294.el7_6 will be installed ……省略部份內容 Installed: perl-ExtUtils-Embed.noarch 0:1.30-294.el7_6 perl-devel.x86_64 4:5.16.3-294.el7_6 Dependency Installed: gdbm-devel.x86_64 0:1.10-8.el7 libdb-devel.x86_64 0:5.3.21-25.el7 perl-ExtUtils-Install.noarch 0:1.58-294.el7_6 perl-ExtUtils-MakeMaker.noarch 0:6.68-3.el7 perl-ExtUtils-Manifest.noarch 0:1.61-244.el7 perl-ExtUtils-ParseXS.noarch 1:3.18-3.el7 pyparsing.noarch 0:1.5.6-9.el7 systemtap-sdt-devel.x86_64 0:4.0-10.el7_7 Dependency Updated: libdb.x86_64 0:5.3.21-25.el7 libdb-utils.x86_64 0:5.3.21-25.el7 Complete! [root@www nginx-1.10.3]#
提示：安裝了包後繼續進行預編譯檢查環境，直到不報錯爲止，不報錯表示編譯環境是可用的
checking for GeoIP library ... not found checking for GeoIP library in /usr/local/ ... not found checking for GeoIP library in /usr/pkg/ ... not found checking for GeoIP library in /opt/local/ ... not found ./configure: error: the GeoIP module requires the GeoIP library. You can either do not enable the module or install the library. [root@www nginx-1.10.3]#
提示：解決辦法yum install -y geoip geoip-devel
checking for GeoIP IPv6 support ... found creating objs/Makefile Configuration summary + using system PCRE library + using system OpenSSL library + md5: using OpenSSL library + sha1: using OpenSSL library + using system zlib library nginx path prefix: "/usr/share/nginx" nginx binary file: "/usr/sbin/nginx" nginx modules path: "/usr/lib64/nginx/modules" nginx configuration prefix: "/etc/nginx" nginx configuration file: "/etc/nginx/nginx.conf" nginx pid file: "/var/run/nginx.pid" nginx error log file: "/var/log/nginx/error.log" nginx http access log file: "/var/log/nginx/access.log" nginx http client request body temporary files: "/var/lib/nginx/tmp/client_body" nginx http proxy temporary files: "/var/lib/nginx/tmp/proxy" nginx http fastcgi temporary files: "/var/lib/nginx/tmp/fastcgi" nginx http uwsgi temporary files: "/var/lib/nginx/tmp/uwsgi" nginx http scgi temporary files: "/var/lib/nginx/tmp/scgi" [root@www nginx-1.10.3]#
提示：能看到以上信息表示預編譯環境檢查沒有問題，接下來咱們就能夠進行編譯了
[root@www nginx-1.10.3]# make -j 4 && make install
make -f objs/Makefile
make[1]: Entering directory `/root/nginx-1.10.3'
cc -c -pipe -O -W -Wall -Wpointer-arith -Wno-unused-parameter -Werror -g -O2 -g -pipe -Wall -Wp,-D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -fexceptions -fstack-protector --param=ssp-buffer-size=4 -m64 -mtune=generic -I src/core -I src/event -I src/event/modules -I src/os/unix -I src/http/modules/perl -I /usr/include/libxml2 -I objs \
-o objs/src/core/nginx.o \
src/core/nginx.c
cc -c -pipe -O -W -Wall -Wpointer-arith -Wno-unused-parameter -Werror -g -O2 -g -pipe -Wall -Wp,-D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -fexceptions -fstack-protector --param=ssp-buffer-size=4 -m64 -mtune=generic -I src/core -I src/event -I src/event/modules -I src/os/unix -I src/http/modules/perl -I /usr/include/libxml2 -I objs \
-o objs/src/core/ngx_log.o \
src/core/ngx_log.c
cc -c -pipe -O -W -Wall -Wpointer-arith -Wno-unused-parameter -Werror -g -O2 -g -pipe -Wall -Wp,-D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -fexceptions -fstack-protector --param=ssp-buffer-size=4 -m64 -mtune=generic -I src/core -I src/event -I src/event/modules -I src/os/unix -I src/http/modules/perl -I /usr/include/libxml2 -I objs \
-o objs/src/core/ngx_palloc.o \
……省略部分信息
make[1]: Leaving directory `/root/nginx-1.10.3'
make -f objs/Makefile install
make[1]: Entering directory `/root/nginx-1.10.3'
cd objs/src/http/modules/perl && make install
make[2]: Entering directory `/root/nginx-1.10.3/objs/src/http/modules/perl'
Files found in blib/arch: installing files in blib/lib into architecture dependent library tree
Installing /usr/local/lib64/perl5/auto/nginx/nginx.bs
Installing /usr/local/lib64/perl5/auto/nginx/nginx.so
Installing /usr/local/lib64/perl5/nginx.pm
Installing /usr/local/share/man/man3/nginx.3pm
Appending installation info to /usr/lib64/perl5/perllocal.pod
make[2]: Leaving directory `/root/nginx-1.10.3/objs/src/http/modules/perl'
test -d '/usr/share/nginx' || mkdir -p '/usr/share/nginx'
test -d '/usr/sbin' \
|| mkdir -p '/usr/sbin'
test ! -f '/usr/sbin/nginx' \
|| mv '/usr/sbin/nginx' \
'/usr/sbin/nginx.old'
cp objs/nginx '/usr/sbin/nginx'
test -d '/etc/nginx' \
|| mkdir -p '/etc/nginx'
cp conf/koi-win '/etc/nginx'
cp conf/koi-utf '/etc/nginx'
cp conf/win-utf '/etc/nginx'
test -f '/etc/nginx/mime.types' \
|| cp conf/mime.types '/etc/nginx'
cp conf/mime.types '/etc/nginx/mime.types.default'
test -f '/etc/nginx/fastcgi_params' \
|| cp conf/fastcgi_params '/etc/nginx'
cp conf/fastcgi_params \
'/etc/nginx/fastcgi_params.default'
test -f '/etc/nginx/fastcgi.conf' \
|| cp conf/fastcgi.conf '/etc/nginx'
cp conf/fastcgi.conf '/etc/nginx/fastcgi.conf.default'
test -f '/etc/nginx/uwsgi_params' \
|| cp conf/uwsgi_params '/etc/nginx'
cp conf/uwsgi_params \
'/etc/nginx/uwsgi_params.default'
test -f '/etc/nginx/scgi_params' \
|| cp conf/scgi_params '/etc/nginx'
cp conf/scgi_params \
'/etc/nginx/scgi_params.default'
test -f '/etc/nginx/nginx.conf' \
|| cp conf/nginx.conf '/etc/nginx/nginx.conf'
cp conf/nginx.conf '/etc/nginx/nginx.conf.default'
test -d '/var/run' \
|| mkdir -p '/var/run'
test -d '/var/log/nginx' \
|| mkdir -p '/var/log/nginx'
test -d '/usr/share/nginx/html' \
|| cp -R html '/usr/share/nginx'
test -d '/var/log/nginx' \
|| mkdir -p '/var/log/nginx'
test -d '/usr/lib64/nginx/modules' \
|| mkdir -p '/usr/lib64/nginx/modules'
test ! -f '/usr/lib64/nginx/modules/ngx_http_xslt_filter_module.so' \
|| mv '/usr/lib64/nginx/modules/ngx_http_xslt_filter_module.so' \
'/usr/lib64/nginx/modules/ngx_http_xslt_filter_module.so.old'
cp objs/ngx_http_xslt_filter_module.so '/usr/lib64/nginx/modules/ngx_http_xslt_filter_module.so'
test ! -f '/usr/lib64/nginx/modules/ngx_http_image_filter_module.so' \
|| mv '/usr/lib64/nginx/modules/ngx_http_image_filter_module.so' \
'/usr/lib64/nginx/modules/ngx_http_image_filter_module.so.old'
cp objs/ngx_http_image_filter_module.so '/usr/lib64/nginx/modules/ngx_http_image_filter_module.so'
test ! -f '/usr/lib64/nginx/modules/ngx_http_geoip_module.so' \
|| mv '/usr/lib64/nginx/modules/ngx_http_geoip_module.so' \
'/usr/lib64/nginx/modules/ngx_http_geoip_module.so.old'
cp objs/ngx_http_geoip_module.so '/usr/lib64/nginx/modules/ngx_http_geoip_module.so'
test ! -f '/usr/lib64/nginx/modules/ngx_http_perl_module.so' \
|| mv '/usr/lib64/nginx/modules/ngx_http_perl_module.so' \
'/usr/lib64/nginx/modules/ngx_http_perl_module.so.old'
cp objs/ngx_http_perl_module.so '/usr/lib64/nginx/modules/ngx_http_perl_module.so'
test ! -f '/usr/lib64/nginx/modules/ngx_mail_module.so' \
|| mv '/usr/lib64/nginx/modules/ngx_mail_module.so' \
'/usr/lib64/nginx/modules/ngx_mail_module.so.old'
cp objs/ngx_mail_module.so '/usr/lib64/nginx/modules/ngx_mail_module.so'
test ! -f '/usr/lib64/nginx/modules/ngx_stream_module.so' \
|| mv '/usr/lib64/nginx/modules/ngx_stream_module.so' \
'/usr/lib64/nginx/modules/ngx_stream_module.so.old'
cp objs/ngx_stream_module.so '/usr/lib64/nginx/modules/ngx_stream_module.so'
make[1]: Leaving directory `/root/nginx-1.10.3'
[root@www nginx-1.10.3]#
提示：最後編譯沒有ERROR的字眼表示編譯成功了，咱們能夠去咱們指定的目錄查看對應的二進制文件是否都已經拷貝進去了
[root@www nginx-1.10.3]# ll /sbin/nginx -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 7410432 Feb 14 05:36 /sbin/nginx [root@www nginx-1.10.3]# ll /usr/lib64/nginx/modules total 1960 -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 138184 Feb 14 05:36 ngx_http_geoip_module.so -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 153136 Feb 14 05:36 ngx_http_image_filter_module.so -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 184216 Feb 14 05:36 ngx_http_perl_module.so -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 167112 Feb 14 05:36 ngx_http_xslt_filter_module.so -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 736904 Feb 14 05:36 ngx_mail_module.so -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 621952 Feb 14 05:36 ngx_stream_module.so [root@www nginx-1.10.3]# ll /etc/nginx/ total 60 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1077 Feb 14 05:36 fastcgi.conf -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1077 Feb 14 05:36 fastcgi.conf.default -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1007 Feb 14 05:36 fastcgi_params -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1007 Feb 14 05:36 fastcgi_params.default -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2837 Feb 14 05:36 koi-utf -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2223 Feb 14 05:36 koi-win -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3957 Feb 14 05:36 mime.types -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3957 Feb 14 05:36 mime.types.default -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2656 Feb 14 05:36 nginx.conf -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2656 Feb 14 05:36 nginx.conf.default -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 636 Feb 14 05:36 scgi_params -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 636 Feb 14 05:36 scgi_params.default -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 664 Feb 14 05:36 uwsgi_params -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 664 Feb 14 05:36 uwsgi_params.default -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3610 Feb 14 05:36 win-utf [root@www nginx-1.10.3]#
提示：可看到對應的二進制文件，模塊，以及配置文件都已經放到咱們指定的目錄裏了。一般狀況下咱們編譯完成後，要加環境變量，咱們這裏指定安裝位置在環境變量裏，因此可再也不添加環境變量，若是自定義其餘目錄，須要添加環境變量；檢查nginx是否須要添加環境變量，咱們能夠在命令行敲nginx -t 來測試。nginx -t表示測試配置文件的語法，若是沒有報nginx命令未找到，就表示咱們的環境變量沒有問題
[root@www nginx-1.10.3]# nginx -t nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok nginx: [emerg] mkdir() "/var/lib/nginx/tmp/client_body" failed (2: No such file or directory) nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test failed
提示：咱們運行nginx -t 它報了一個錯，說/var/lib/nginx/tmp/client_body不存在，固然這種錯誤咱們能夠建立對應的目錄便可
[root@www nginx-1.10.3]# mkdir -p /var/lib/nginx/tmp/client_body [root@www nginx-1.10.3]# nginx -t nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful [root@www nginx-1.10.3]#
提示：到此nginx編譯就完了，固然接下來就是啓動nginx 看看是否可訪問到默認主頁
[root@www nginx-1.10.3]# cd [root@www ~]# ss -ntl State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:* LISTEN 0 100 127.0.0.1:25 *:* LISTEN 0 128 :::22 :::* LISTEN 0 100 ::1:25 :::* [root@www ~]# nginx [root@www ~]# ss -ntl State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port LISTEN 0 128 *:80 *:* LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:* LISTEN 0 100 127.0.0.1:25 *:* LISTEN 0 128 :::22 :::* LISTEN 0 100 ::1:25 :::* [root@www ~]# ps aux |grep nginx root 32348 0.0 0.0 46172 1148 ? Ss 05:51 0:00 nginx: master process nginx nginx 32349 0.0 0.0 46608 1896 ? S 05:51 0:00 nginx: worker process root 32352 0.0 0.0 112712 964 pts/0 S+ 05:52 0:00 grep --color=auto nginx [root@www ~]#
提示：咱們啓動nginx 直接在命令行敲nginx便可啓動，固然咱們也能夠選擇寫一個unit file 讓其systed來管理咱們nginx
[root@www ~]# cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service [Unit] Description=The nginx HTTP and reverse proxy server After=network.target remote-fs.target nss-lookup.target [Service] Type=forking PIDFile=/run/nginx.pid # Nginx will fail to start if /run/nginx.pid already exists but has the wrong # SELinux context. This might happen when running `nginx -t` from the cmdline. # https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1268621 ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/rm -f /run/nginx.pid ExecStartPre=/usr/sbin/nginx -t ExecStart=/usr/sbin/nginx ExecReload=/bin/kill -s HUP $MAINPID KillSignal=SIGQUIT TimeoutStopSec=5 KillMode=process PrivateTmp=true [Install] WantedBy=multi-user.target ^C [root@www ~]# cat /usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service [Unit] Description=The nginx HTTP and reverse proxy server After=network.target remote-fs.target nss-lookup.target [Service] Type=forking PIDFile=/run/nginx.pid # Nginx will fail to start if /run/nginx.pid already exists but has the wrong # SELinux context. This might happen when running `nginx -t` from the cmdline. # https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1268621 ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/rm -f /run/nginx.pid ExecStartPre=/usr/sbin/nginx -t ExecStart=/usr/sbin/nginx ExecReload=/bin/kill -s HUP $MAINPID KillSignal=SIGQUIT TimeoutStopSec=5 KillMode=process PrivateTmp=true [Install] WantedBy=multi-user.target [root@www ~]#
提示：咱們提供了unit file 後 運行 systemctl daemon-reload 來加載nginx.service文件，讓其systemctl 從新加載配置文件，識別咱們以前寫的unit file；以上unit file是從參考yum安裝的nginx提供的unit file文件
[root@www ~]# nginx -s stop
[root@www ~]# systemctl daemon-reload
[root@www ~]# systemctl start nginx
[root@www ~]# ss -ntl
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
LISTEN 0 128 *:80 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:*
LISTEN 0 100 127.0.0.1:25 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 :::22 :::*
LISTEN 0 100 ::1:25 :::*
[root@www ~]# systemctl status nginx
● nginx.service - The nginx HTTP and reverse proxy server
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service; disabled; vendor preset: disabled)
Active: active (running) since Fri 2020-02-14 06:12:59 EST; 14s ago
Process: 32445 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/nginx (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Process: 32441 ExecStartPre=/usr/sbin/nginx -t (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Process: 32439 ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/rm -f /run/nginx.pid (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Main PID: 32446 (nginx)
CGroup: /system.slice/nginx.service
├─32446 nginx: master process /usr/sbin/nginx
└─32447 nginx: worker process
Feb 14 06:12:58 www.ilinux.io systemd[1]: Starting The nginx HTTP and revers....
Feb 14 06:12:58 www.ilinux.io nginx[32441]: nginx: the configuration file /e...k
Feb 14 06:12:58 www.ilinux.io nginx[32441]: nginx: configuration file /etc/n...l
Feb 14 06:12:59 www.ilinux.io systemd[1]: Started The nginx HTTP and reverse....
Hint: Some lines were ellipsized, use -l to show in full.
[root@www ~]#
提示：到此Nginx就能夠基於systemctl來管理了；基本上都沒有什麼要配置了，咱們來訪問下默認主頁是否可以訪問獲得
提示：到此nginx的編譯安裝整個過程就完了；總結一點編譯安裝就是太麻煩，太繁瑣，生產環境中若是沒有特殊的要求或功能要啓用，咱們都用yum安裝吧；yum安裝相對編譯安裝要簡單不少，可是須要注意一點的是yum安裝nginx須要提早配置好epel源;epel源可參考http://nginx.org/en/linux_packages.html#RHEL-CentOS
二、nginx命令選項說明
[root@www ~]# nginx -h nginx version: nginx/1.10.3 Usage: nginx [-?hvVtTq] [-s signal] [-c filename] [-p prefix] [-g directives] Options: -?,-h : this help -v : show version and exit -V : show version and configure options then exit -t : test configuration and exit -T : test configuration, dump it and exit -q : suppress non-error messages during configuration testing -s signal : send signal to a master process: stop, quit, reopen, reload -p prefix : set prefix path (default: /usr/share/nginx/) -c filename : set configuration file (default: /etc/nginx/nginx.conf) -g directives : set global directives out of configuration file [root@www ~]#
-?或者-h表示查看nginx命令的幫助選項信息
-v：查看nginx的版本信息
[root@www ~]# nginx -v nginx version: nginx/1.10.3 [root@www ~]#
-V（大寫）：查看版本信息以及編譯選項
[root@www ~]# nginx -V nginx version: nginx/1.10.3 built by gcc 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-39) (GCC) built with OpenSSL 1.0.2k-fips 26 Jan 2017 TLS SNI support enabled configure arguments: --prefix=/usr/share/nginx --sbin-path=/usr/sbin/nginx --modules-path=/usr/lib64/nginx/modules --conf-path=/etc/nginx/nginx.conf --error-log-path=/var/log/nginx/error.log --http-log-path=/var/log/nginx/access.log --http-client-body-temp-path=/var/lib/nginx/tmp/client_body --http-proxy-temp-path=/var/lib/nginx/tmp/proxy --http-fastcgi-temp-path=/var/lib/nginx/tmp/fastcgi --http-uwsgi-temp-path=/var/lib/nginx/tmp/uwsgi --http-scgi-temp-path=/var/lib/nginx/tmp/scgi --pid-path=/var/run/nginx.pid --lock-path=/var/lock/subsys/nginx --user=nginx --group=nginx --with-file-aio --with-ipv6 --with-http_ssl_module --with-http_v2_module --with-http_realip_module --with-http_addition_module --with-http_xslt_module=dynamic --with-http_image_filter_module=dynamic --with-http_geoip_module=dynamic --with-http_sub_module --with-http_dav_module --with-http_flv_module --with-http_mp4_module --with-http_gunzip_module --with-http_gzip_static_module --with-http_random_index_module --with-http_secure_link_module --with-http_degradation_module --with-http_slice_module --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_perl_module=dynamic --with-mail=dynamic --with-mail_ssl_module --with-pcre --with-pcre-jit --with-stream=dynamic --with-stream_ssl_module --with-debug --with-cc-opt='-O2 -g -pipe -Wall -Wp,-D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -fexceptions -fstack-protector --param=ssp-buffer-size=4 -m64 -mtune=generic' --with-ld-opt=' -Wl,-E' [root@www ~]#
-t：測試配置文件語法並退出
[root@www ~]# nginx -t nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful [root@www ~]#
提示：一般咱們配置nginx後都要先檢查配置文件是否有語法問題，而後再去重載
-T：測試配置文件，並dump配置文件內容顯示到標準輸出
[root@www ~]# nginx -T
nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful
# configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf:
#user nobody;
worker_processes 1;
#error_log logs/error.log;
#error_log logs/error.log notice;
#error_log logs/error.log info;
#pid logs/nginx.pid;
events {
worker_connections 1024;
}
http {
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
#log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
# '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
# '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
#access_log logs/access.log main;
sendfile on;
#tcp_nopush on;
#keepalive_timeout 0;
keepalive_timeout 65;
#gzip on;
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
#charset koi8-r;
#access_log logs/host.access.log main;
location / {
root html;
index index.html index.htm;
}
#error_page 404 /404.html;
# redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
#
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
location = /50x.html {
root html;
}
# proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
#
#location ~ \.php$ {
# proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1;
#}
# pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
#
#location ~ \.php$ {
# root html;
# fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
# fastcgi_index index.php;
# fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
# include fastcgi_params;
#}
# deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
# concurs with nginx's one
#
#location ~ /\.ht {
# deny all;
#}
}
# another virtual host using mix of IP-, name-, and port-based configuration
#
#server {
# listen 8000;
# listen somename:8080;
# server_name somename alias another.alias;
# location / {
# root html;
# index index.html index.htm;
# }
#}
# HTTPS server
#
#server {
# listen 443 ssl;
# server_name localhost;
# ssl_certificate cert.pem;
# ssl_certificate_key cert.key;
# ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:1m;
# ssl_session_timeout 5m;
# ssl_ciphers HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
# ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
# location / {
# root html;
# index index.html index.htm;
# }
#}
}
# configuration file /etc/nginx/mime.types:
types {
text/html html htm shtml;
text/css css;
text/xml xml;
image/gif gif;
image/jpeg jpeg jpg;
application/javascript js;
application/atom+xml atom;
application/rss+xml rss;
text/mathml mml;
text/plain txt;
text/vnd.sun.j2me.app-descriptor jad;
text/vnd.wap.wml wml;
text/x-component htc;
image/png png;
image/tiff tif tiff;
image/vnd.wap.wbmp wbmp;
image/x-icon ico;
image/x-jng jng;
image/x-ms-bmp bmp;
image/svg+xml svg svgz;
image/webp webp;
application/font-woff woff;
application/java-archive jar war ear;
application/json json;
application/mac-binhex40 hqx;
application/msword doc;
application/pdf pdf;
application/postscript ps eps ai;
application/rtf rtf;
application/vnd.apple.mpegurl m3u8;
application/vnd.ms-excel xls;
application/vnd.ms-fontobject eot;
application/vnd.ms-powerpoint ppt;
application/vnd.wap.wmlc wmlc;
application/vnd.google-earth.kml+xml kml;
application/vnd.google-earth.kmz kmz;
application/x-7z-compressed 7z;
application/x-cocoa cco;
application/x-java-archive-diff jardiff;
application/x-java-jnlp-file jnlp;
application/x-makeself run;
application/x-perl pl pm;
application/x-pilot prc pdb;
application/x-rar-compressed rar;
application/x-redhat-package-manager rpm;
application/x-sea sea;
application/x-shockwave-flash swf;
application/x-stuffit sit;
application/x-tcl tcl tk;
application/x-x509-ca-cert der pem crt;
application/x-xpinstall xpi;
application/xhtml+xml xhtml;
application/xspf+xml xspf;
application/zip zip;
application/octet-stream bin exe dll;
application/octet-stream deb;
application/octet-stream dmg;
application/octet-stream iso img;
application/octet-stream msi msp msm;
application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document docx;
application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet xlsx;
application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.presentationml.presentation pptx;
audio/midi mid midi kar;
audio/mpeg mp3;
audio/ogg ogg;
audio/x-m4a m4a;
audio/x-realaudio ra;
video/3gpp 3gpp 3gp;
video/mp2t ts;
video/mp4 mp4;
video/mpeg mpeg mpg;
video/quicktime mov;
video/webm webm;
video/x-flv flv;
video/x-m4v m4v;
video/x-mng mng;
video/x-ms-asf asx asf;
video/x-ms-wmv wmv;
video/x-msvideo avi;
}
[root@www ~]#
提示：這個選項用的不多-t便可，一般不打印配置文件到屏幕
-q：表示非錯誤信息不予顯示，即靜默模式
[root@www ~]# nginx -q nginx: [emerg] bind() to 0.0.0.0:80 failed (98: Address already in use) nginx: [emerg] bind() to 0.0.0.0:80 failed (98: Address already in use) nginx: [emerg] bind() to 0.0.0.0:80 failed (98: Address already in use) nginx: [emerg] bind() to 0.0.0.0:80 failed (98: Address already in use) nginx: [emerg] bind() to 0.0.0.0:80 failed (98: Address already in use) nginx: [emerg] still could not bind() [root@www ~]# nginx -qt [root@www ~]#
提示：此選項表示有錯誤信息就輸出到標準輸出，沒有就什麼都不顯示
-s：給nginx主控進程發送信號，可以發送到信號有 stop 、reload、quit、reopen
[root@www ~]# ps aux |grep nginx root 32473 0.0 0.0 46172 1144 ? Ss 06:39 0:00 nginx: master process nginx nginx 32474 0.0 0.0 46608 1892 ? S 06:39 0:00 nginx: worker process root 32478 0.0 0.0 112712 960 pts/0 S+ 06:40 0:00 grep --color=auto nginx [root@www ~]# nginx -s quit [root@www ~]# ps aux |grep nginx root 32481 0.0 0.0 112712 960 pts/0 S+ 06:40 0:00 grep --color=auto nginx [root@www ~]# nginx [root@www ~]# ps aux |grep nginx root 32484 0.0 0.0 46172 1148 ? Ss 06:40 0:00 nginx: master process nginx nginx 32485 0.0 0.0 46608 1896 ? S 06:40 0:00 nginx: worker process root 32487 0.0 0.0 112712 964 pts/0 S+ 06:40 0:00 grep --color=auto nginx [root@www ~]# nginx -s stop [root@www ~]# ps aux |grep nginx root 32490 0.0 0.0 112712 960 pts/0 S+ 06:40 0:00 grep --color=auto nginx [root@www ~]#
提示：stop 和quit均可以中止nginx服務
reload ：重載nginx worker進程
[root@www ~]# nginx [root@www ~]# ps aux |grep nginx root 32492 0.0 0.0 46172 1144 ? Ss 06:42 0:00 nginx: master process nginx nginx 32493 0.0 0.0 46608 1892 ? S 06:42 0:00 nginx: worker process root 32495 0.0 0.0 112712 964 pts/0 S+ 06:42 0:00 grep --color=auto nginx [root@www ~]# nginx -s reload [root@www ~]# ps aux |grep nginx root 32492 0.0 0.0 46172 1964 ? Ss 06:42 0:00 nginx: master process nginx nginx 32497 0.0 0.0 46628 2004 ? S 06:42 0:00 nginx: worker process root 32499 0.0 0.0 112712 960 pts/0 S+ 06:42 0:00 grep --color=auto nginx [root@www ~]#
提示：重載後能夠看到只有worker進程的pid發生了變化，master進程並未發生變化
reopen：從新打開的意思，經常使用於日誌切割；好比咱們把默認日誌重命名後，新建一個access.log 若是給主控進程發送reopen信號，這個時候nginx是不會記錄日誌的。又或者當咱們日誌目錄下沒有access.log文件時（不必定是這個名，要看配置文件中的定義），nginx也不會記錄日誌，咱們可給主控進程發送reopen信號 它就能夠自動新建缺乏的日誌文件，而後記錄日誌
[root@www ~]# ll /var/log/nginx/ total 8 -rw-r--r-- 1 nginx root 744 Feb 14 06:55 access.log -rw-r--r-- 1 nginx root 1635 Feb 14 06:55 error.log [root@www ~]# rm -rf /var/log/nginx/access.log [root@www ~]# ll /var/log/nginx/ total 4 -rw-r--r-- 1 nginx root 1635 Feb 14 06:55 error.log [root@www ~]# curl -I http://192.168.0.30/ HTTP/1.1 200 OK Server: nginx/1.10.3 Date: Fri, 14 Feb 2020 12:00:45 GMT Content-Type: text/html Content-Length: 612 Last-Modified: Fri, 14 Feb 2020 10:36:27 GMT Connection: keep-alive ETag: "5e46782b-264" Accept-Ranges: bytes [root@www ~]# ll /var/log/nginx/ total 4 -rw-r--r-- 1 nginx root 1635 Feb 14 06:55 error.log [root@www ~]# touch /var/log/nginx/access.log [root@www ~]# ll /var/log/nginx/ total 4 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Feb 14 07:01 access.log -rw-r--r-- 1 nginx root 1635 Feb 14 06:55 error.log [root@www ~]# curl -I http://192.168.0.30/ HTTP/1.1 200 OK Server: nginx/1.10.3 Date: Fri, 14 Feb 2020 12:01:25 GMT Content-Type: text/html Content-Length: 612 Last-Modified: Fri, 14 Feb 2020 10:36:27 GMT Connection: keep-alive ETag: "5e46782b-264" Accept-Ranges: bytes [root@www ~]# ll /var/log/nginx/ total 4 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Feb 14 07:01 access.log -rw-r--r-- 1 nginx root 1635 Feb 14 06:55 error.log [root@www ~]# nginx -s reopen [root@www ~]# curl -I http://192.168.0.30/ HTTP/1.1 200 OK Server: nginx/1.10.3 Date: Fri, 14 Feb 2020 12:01:56 GMT Content-Type: text/html Content-Length: 612 Last-Modified: Fri, 14 Feb 2020 10:36:27 GMT Connection: keep-alive ETag: "5e46782b-264" Accept-Ranges: bytes [root@www ~]# curl -I http://192.168.0.30/ HTTP/1.1 200 OK Server: nginx/1.10.3 Date: Fri, 14 Feb 2020 12:01:58 GMT Content-Type: text/html Content-Length: 612 Last-Modified: Fri, 14 Feb 2020 10:36:27 GMT Connection: keep-alive ETag: "5e46782b-264" Accept-Ranges: bytes [root@www ~]# ll /var/log/nginx/ total 8 -rw-r--r-- 1 nginx root 176 Feb 14 07:01 access.log -rw-r--r-- 1 nginx root 1696 Feb 14 07:01 error.log [root@www ~]#
提示：固然咱們可直接nginx -s reopen ，若是對應的日誌文件沒有，它就會自動建立，並記錄日誌
[root@www ~]# rm -rf /var/log/nginx/* [root@www ~]# ll /var/log/nginx/ total 0 [root@www ~]# nginx -s reopen [root@www ~]# ll /var/log/nginx/ total 4 -rw-r--r-- 1 nginx root 0 Feb 14 07:08 access.log -rw-r--r-- 1 nginx root 61 Feb 14 07:08 error.log [root@www ~]#
-p：設置前綴路徑，不設置默認%%PREFIX%%所指定路徑
-c：指定啓動配置文件路徑，若是不指定默認/etc/nginx/nginx.conf
-g：指定全局指定配置文件
到此咱們對nginx有了一個大概的瞭解，知道nginx是什麼？它有哪些功能？能幹嗎，它的架構等等，知道該怎麼去編譯安裝一個nginx（雖然編譯安裝很是麻煩，但咱們須要知道該怎麼去編譯安裝），怎麼使用nginx命令，怎麼啓動，中止，重載等，後續我會持續更新nginx的其餘內容，有興趣的小夥伴能夠加加關注，謝謝！！！
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