Django 單元測試筆記

　　引言

　　關於單元測試的基本知識這裏再也不講述，簡單一句話：單元測試是用一段代碼去測試另外一段代碼。最經常使用的框架是unittest，這是python的單元測試框架，而django單元測試框架test.TestCase是繼承了python的unittest.TestCase。

TestCase也是對unittest.TestCase進行了進一步的封裝，省去了不少重複要寫的代碼，好比定義一個self.client、Email Service提供了方便的郵件發送的方法。

衆所周知django模式是MTV模型，其中T是模板也就是HTML文件，對於HTML來講，沒有可測的代碼，基本上寫死，即便有，並非重要的邏輯代碼。因此在進行單元測試的時候，重點針對M和V展開，也就是models和views。

 

　　方式

單元測試進行的兩種方式：

1.使用django框架自帶的tests.py文件進行單元測試；
2.自定義建立test.py文件；
這兩種是同樣，只是運行時所執行目錄不同。

注：我這裏只介紹第一種。

 

　　模型測試

首先導入公共使用庫:

from django.test import TestCase
from django_web.models import Event,Guest
from django.contrib.auth.models import User
# Create your tests here.
import datetime
get_now = datetime.datetime.now().strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')

 

測試模型

class DjangoWebModelTest(TestCase):
    """測試模型"""
    def setUp(self) -> None:
        Event.objects.create(id=1,name='小米5',status=True,address='深圳',limit=3,start_time=get_now)
        Guest.objects.create(id=1,event_id=1,realname='老王',phone=15099925893,email='11@qq.com',sign=False)

    def test_event_model(self):
        """測試發佈會表"""
        result = Event.objects.get(name='小米5')
        self.assertEqual(result.address,'深圳')
        self.assertTrue(result.status)

    def test_guest_model(self):
        """測試嘉賓表"""
        result = Guest.objects.get(phone='15099925893')
        self.assertEqual(result.realname,'老王')
        self.assertFalse(result.sign)

 

　　視圖函數測試

class IndexPageTest(TestCase):
    """測試index登陸首頁"""

    def test_index_page(self):
        """測試index視圖"""
        response = self.client.get('/index/')
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code,200)
        self.assertTemplateUsed(response,'index.html')

class LoginAction(TestCase):
    """測試登陸動做"""
    def setUp(self) -> None:
        """建立用戶數據：兩種不一樣的方式建立用戶"""
        User.objects.create(username='admin')
        User.objects.create_user(username='admin2',email='admin@11.com',password='123456')

    def test_add_admin(self):
        """添加用戶admin測試"""
        user = User.objects.get(username='admin')
        self.assertEqual(user.username,'admin')

    def test_add_admin2(self):
        """添加用戶admin2測試"""
        user = User.objects.get(username='admin2')
        self.assertEqual(user.username,'admin2')
        self.assertEqual(user.email,'admin@11.com')

    def test_login_username_password_null(self):
        """用戶名密碼爲空"""
        test_data = {'username':'','password':''}
        response = self.client.post('/login_action/',data=test_data)
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code,302)

    def test_login_username_password_error(self):
        """用戶名密碼錯誤"""
        test_data = {'username':'test','password':'123456'}
        response = self.client.post('/login_action/',data=test_data)
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code,302)

    def test_login_action_success(self):
        """登陸成功"""
        test_data = {'username':'admin2','password':'123456'}
        response = self.client.post('/login_action/',data=test_data)
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code,302)


class EventManageTest(TestCase):
    """發佈會管理"""

    def setUp(self) -> None:
        #建立用戶帳號
        User.objects.create_user('admin','admin@qq.com','123456')
        Event.objects.create(name='小米3',limit=3,address='深圳',status=True,start_time=get_now)
        self.login_user = {'username':'admin','password':'123456'}
        #預先登陸
        self.client.post('/login_action/', data=self.login_user)

    def test_add_event_data(self):
        """ 測試添加發佈會:小米3 """
        event = Event.objects.get(name="小米3")
        self.assertEqual(event.address, "深圳")

    def test_event_success(self):
        """測試發佈會:小米3"""
        response = self.client.post('/event_manager/')
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code,200)
        self.assertIn("小米3".encode('utf-8'),response.content)

    def test_event_search_success(self):
        """測試發佈會搜索"""
        response = self.client.post('/search_name/')
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code,200)
        self.assertIn('小米3'.encode('UTF-8'),response.content)



class GuestManageTest(TestCase):
    """嘉賓管理"""
    def setUp(self) -> None:
        User.objects.create_user('admin','admin@qq.com','123456')
        Event.objects.create(id=1,name='小米2',limit=3,address='深圳',status=True,start_time=get_now)
        Guest.objects.create(realname='小李子',phone=15099925798,email='11@qq.com',sign=0,event_id=1)
        self.login_user = {'username':'admin','password':'123456'}
        #預先登陸
        self.client.post('/login_action/',data=self.login_user)

    def test_add_guest(self):
        """測試添加嘉賓：小李子"""
        guest =Guest.objects.get(realname='小李子')
        self.assertEqual(guest.realname,'小李子')
        self.assertEqual(guest.phone,'15099925798')
        self.assertEqual(guest.email,'11@qq.com')
        self.assertFalse(guest.sign)

    def test_guest_success(self):
        """測試嘉賓列表:小李子"""
        response = self.client.post('/guest_manager/')
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code,200)
        self.assertIn('小李子'.encode('UTF-8'),response.content)
        self.assertIn('15099925798'.encode('utf-8'),response.content)

    def test_guest_search_success(self):
        """測試嘉賓搜索"""
        response = self.client.post('/search_phone/')
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code,200)
        self.assertIn('小李子'.encode('utf-8'),response.content)
        self.assertIn('15099925798'.encode('utf-8'),response.content)


class SignIndexActionTest(TestCase):
    """發佈會簽到"""
    def setUp(self) -> None:
        User.objects.create_user('admin','admin@qq.com','123456')
        Event.objects.create(id=1, name='小米1', limit=3, address='廣州', status=True, start_time=get_now)
        Event.objects.create(id=2, name='小米9', limit=3, address='北京', status=True, start_time=get_now)
        Guest.objects.create(realname='老張', phone=15099925798, email='11@qq.com', sign=0, event_id=1)   #未簽到
        Guest.objects.create(realname='老周', phone=15099925700, email='22@qq.com', sign=1, event_id=2)   #未簽到
        self.login_user = {'username':'admin','password':'123456'}
        self.client.post('/login_action/',data=self.login_user)

    def test_phone_null(self):
        """測試手機號碼爲空"""
        response =self.client.post('/sign_index_action/1/',{"phone":""})
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code,200)
        self.assertIn('請輸入電話號碼.'.encode('utf-8'),response.content)

    def test_phone_error(self):
        """手機號碼錯誤"""
        response = self.client.post('/sign_index_action/2/',{"phone":"15099925732398"})
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code,200)
        self.assertIn("電話號碼錯誤.".encode('UTF-8'),response.content)

    def test_phone_or_eventid_error(self):
        """電話號碼所屬嘉賓不屬於該發佈會"""
        response = self.client.post('/sign_index_action/2/',{"phone":"15099925798"})
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code,200)
        self.assertIn("電話號碼所屬嘉賓不屬於該發佈會.".encode('UTF-8'),response.content)

    def test_already_sign(self):
        """用戶已簽到"""
        response = self.client.post('/sign_index_action/2/',{"phone":"15099925700"})
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code,200)
        self.assertIn("您已經簽到！.".encode('utf-8'),response.content)

    def test_sign_success(self):
        """簽到成功"""
        response = self.client.post('/sign_index_action/1/',{"phone":"15099925798"})
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code,200)
        self.assertIn("簽到成功!".encode('utf-8'),response.content)

 

　　運行單元測試代碼

"""
運行全部用例：
python3 manage.py test

運行django_web應用下的全部用例：
python3 manage.py test django_web

運行sign應用下的tests.py文件用例：
python3 manage.py test django_web.tests

運行django_web應用下的tests.py文件中的 DjangoWebModelTest 測試類：
python3 manage.py test django_web.tests.DjangoWebModelTest

運行django_web應用下DjangoWebModelTest 測試類中的測試方法(用例)：
python3 manage.py test django_web.tests.DjangoWebModelTest.test_event_model

模糊匹配測試文件
運行python3 manage.py test django_web -p test*.py 
......

"""

 

　　執行結果

D:\my_django_guest>python3 manage.py test django_web
Creating test database for alias 'default'...
System check identified no issues (0 silenced).
...................
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Ran 19 tests in 3.080s

OK
Destroying test database for alias 'default'...