轉載:Linux 高可用(HA)集羣之keepalived詳解

http://freeloda.blog.51cto.com/2033581/1280962

 

大綱

一、前言

二、Keepalived 詳解

三、環境準備

四、LVS+Keepalived 實現高可用的前端負載均衡器

 

一、前言

       這篇文章是前幾篇文章的總結,我們先簡單的總結一下我們前面講解的內容,前面我們講解了,LVS(負載均衡器)、Heartbeat、Corosync、Pacemaker、Web高可用集羣、MySQL高可用集羣、DRDB、iscsi、gfs2、cLVM等,唯一沒有講解的就是LVS可用,也就是前端高可用,我們這一篇博文主要講解內容。在說這個之前我們得和大家討論一個問題,也是好多博友問的問題。Heartbeat、Corosync、Keepalived這三個集羣組件我們到底選哪個好,首先我想說明的是,Heartbeat、Corosync是屬於同一類型,Keepalived與Heartbeat、Corosync,根本不是同一類型的。Keepalived使用的vrrp協議方式,虛擬路由冗餘協議 (Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol,簡稱VRRP);Heartbeat或Corosync是基於主機或網絡服務的高可用方式;簡單的說就是,Keepalived的目的是模擬路由器的高可用,Heartbeat或Corosync的目的是實現Service的高可用。所以一般Keepalived是實現前端高可用,常用的前端高可用的組合有,就是我們常見的LVS+Keepalived、Nginx+Keepalived、HAproxy+Keepalived。而Heartbeat或Corosync是實現服務的高可用,常見的組合有Heartbeat v3(Corosync)+Pacemaker+NFS+Httpd 實現Web服務器的高可用、Heartbeat v3(Corosync)+Pacemaker+NFS+MySQL 實現MySQL服務器的高可用。總結一下,Keepalived中實現輕量級的高可用,一般用於前端高可用,且不需要共享存儲,一般常用於兩個節點的高可用。而Heartbeat(或Corosync)一般用於服務的高可用,且需要共享存儲,一般用於多節點的高可用。這個問題我們說明白了,又有博友會問了,那heartbaet與corosync我們又應該選擇哪個好啊,我想說我們一般用corosync,因爲corosync的運行機制更優於heartbeat,就連從heartbeat分離出來的pacemaker都說在以後的開發當中更傾向於corosync,所以現在corosync+pacemaker是最佳組合。但說實話我對於軟件沒有任何傾向性,所以我把所有的集羣軟件都和大家說了一下,我認爲不管什麼軟件,只要它能存活下來都有它的特點和應用領域,只有把特定的軟件放在特定的位置才能發揮最大的作用,那首先我們得對這個軟件有所有了解。學習一種軟件的最好方法,就是去查官方文檔。好了說了那麼多希望大家有所收穫,下面我們來說一說keepalived。

二、Keepalived 詳解

1.Keepalived 定義

       Keepalived 是一個基於VRRP協議來實現的LVS服務高可用方案,可以利用其來避免單點故障。一個LVS服務會有2臺服務器運行Keepalived,一臺爲主服務器(MASTER),一臺爲備份服務器(BACKUP),但是對外表現爲一個虛擬IP,主服務器會發送特定的消息給備份服務器,當備份服務器收不到這個消息的時候,即主服務器宕機的時候, 備份服務器就會接管虛擬IP,繼續提供服務,從而保證了高可用性。Keepalived是VRRP的完美實現,因此在介紹keepalived之前,先介紹一下VRRP的原理。

2.VRRP 協議簡介

在現實的網絡環境中,兩臺需要通信的主機大多數情況下並沒有直接的物理連接。對於這樣的情況,它們之間路由怎樣選擇?主機如何選定到達目的主機的下一跳路由,這個問題通常的解決方法有二種:

  • 在主機上使用動態路由協議(RIP、OSPF等)

  • 在主機上配置靜態路由

很明顯,在主機上配置動態路由是非常不切實際的,因爲管理、維護成本以及是否支持等諸多問題。配置靜態路由就變得十分流行,但路由器(或者說默認網關default gateway)卻經常成爲單點故障。VRRP的目的就是爲了解決靜態路由單點故障問題,VRRP通過一競選(election)協議來動態的將路由任務交給LAN中虛擬路由器中的某臺VRRP路由器。

3.VRRP 工作機制

       在一個VRRP虛擬路由器中,有多臺物理的VRRP路由器,但是這多臺的物理的機器並不能同時工作,而是由一臺稱爲MASTER的負責路由工作,其它的都是BACKUP,MASTER並非一成不變,VRRP讓每個VRRP路由器參與競選,最終獲勝的就是MASTER。MASTER擁有一些特權,比如,擁有虛擬路由器的IP地址,我們的主機就是用這個IP地址作爲靜態路由的。擁有特權的MASTER要負責轉發發送給網關地址的包和響應ARP請求。

       VRRP通過競選協議來實現虛擬路由器的功能,所有的協議報文都是通過IP多播(multicast)包(多播地址224.0.0.18)形式發送的。虛擬路由器由VRID(範圍0-255)和一組IP地址組成,對外表現爲一個周知的MAC地址。所以,在一個虛擬路由 器中,不管誰是MASTER,對外都是相同的MAC和IP(稱之爲VIP)。客戶端主機並不需要因爲MASTER的改變而修改自己的路由配置,對客戶端來說,這種主從的切換是透明的。

       在一個虛擬路由器中,只有作爲MASTER的VRRP路由器會一直髮送VRRP通告信息(VRRPAdvertisement message),BACKUP不會搶佔MASTER,除非它的優先級(priority)更高。當MASTER不可用時(BACKUP收不到通告信息), 多臺BACKUP中優先級最高的這臺會被搶佔爲MASTER。這種搶佔是非常快速的(<1s),以保證服務的連續性。由於安全性考慮,VRRP包使用了加密協議進行加密。

4.VRRP 工作流程

(1).初始化:    
路由器啓動時,如果路由器的優先級是255(最高優先級,路由器擁有路由器地址),要發送VRRP通告信息,併發送廣播ARP信息通告路由器IP地址對應的MAC地址爲路由虛擬MAC,設置通告信息定時器準備定時發送VRRP通告信息,轉爲MASTER狀態;否則進入BACKUP狀態,設置定時器檢查定時檢查是否收到MASTER的通告信息。

(2).Master

  • 設置定時通告定時器;

  • 用VRRP虛擬MAC地址響應路由器IP地址的ARP請求;

  • 轉發目的MAC是VRRP虛擬MAC的數據包;

  • 如果是虛擬路由器IP的擁有者,將接受目的地址是虛擬路由器IP的數據包,否則丟棄;

  • 當收到shutdown的事件時刪除定時通告定時器,發送優先權級爲0的通告包,轉初始化狀態;

  • 如果定時通告定時器超時時,發送VRRP通告信息;

  • 收到VRRP通告信息時,如果優先權爲0,發送VRRP通告信息;否則判斷數據的優先級是否高於本機,或相等而且實際IP地址大於本地實際IP,設置定時通告定時器,復位主機超時定時器,轉BACKUP狀態;否則的話,丟棄該通告包;

(3).Backup

  • 設置主機超時定時器;

  • 不能響應針對虛擬路由器IP的ARP請求信息;

  • 丟棄所有目的MAC地址是虛擬路由器MAC地址的數據包;

  • 不接受目的是虛擬路由器IP的所有數據包;

  • 當收到shutdown的事件時刪除主機超時定時器,轉初始化狀態;

  • 主機超時定時器超時的時候,發送VRRP通告信息,廣播ARP地址信息,轉MASTER狀態;

  • 收到VRRP通告信息時,如果優先權爲0,表示進入MASTER選舉;否則判斷數據的優先級是否高於本機,如果高的話承認MASTER有效,復位主機超時定時器;否則的話,丟棄該通告包;

5.ARP查詢處理

       當內部主機通過ARP查詢虛擬路由器IP地址對應的MAC地址時,MASTER路由器回覆的MAC地址爲虛擬的VRRP的MAC地址,而不是實際網卡的 MAC地址,這樣在路由器切換時讓內網機器覺察不到;而在路由器重新啓動時,不能主動發送本機網卡的實際MAC地址。如果虛擬路由器開啓的ARP代理 (proxy_arp)功能,代理的ARP迴應也迴應VRRP虛擬MAC地址;好了VRRP的簡單講解就到這裏,我們下來講解一下Keepalived的案例。

三、環境準備

1.操作系統

  • CentOS 6.4 X86_64

2.軟件版本

  • ipvsadm.x86_64 0:1.25-10.el6                  

  • keepalived.x86_64 0:1.2.7-3.el6      

  • httpd-2.2.15-29.el6.centos.x86_64

3.實驗拓撲

k00

4.時間同步

node1:

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[[email protected] ~] # ntpdate 202.120.2.101

node2:

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[[email protected] ~] # ntpdate 202.120.2.101

master:

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[[email protected] ~] # ntpdate 202.120.2.101

slave:

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[[email protected] ~] # ntpdate 202.120.2.101

5.主機名互相解析

node1:

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[[email protected] ~] # cat /etc/hosts 
127.0.0.1   localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4  
::1         localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6  
192.168.18.201    node1. test .com    node1  
192.168.18.202    node2. test .com    node2

node2:

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[[email protected] ~] # cat /etc/hosts 
127.0.0.1   localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4  
::1         localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6  
192.168.18.201    node1. test .com    node1  
192.168.18.202    node2. test .com    node2

6.安裝yum源

node1:

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[[email protected] ~] # rpm -ivh http://download.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/6/x86_64/epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm
[[email protected] ~] # rpm -ivh http://elrepo.org/elrepo-release-6-5.el6.elrepo.noarch.rpm

node2:

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[[email protected] ~] # rpm -ivh http://download.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/6/x86_64/epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm
[[email protected] ~] # rpm -ivh http://elrepo.org/elrepo-release-6-5.el6.elrepo.noarch.rpm

master:

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[[email protected] ~] # rpm -ivh http://download.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/6/x86_64/epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm
[[email protected] ~] # rpm -ivh http://elrepo.org/elrepo-release-6-5.el6.elrepo.noarch.rpm

slave:

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[[email protected] ~] # rpm -ivh http://download.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/6/x86_64/epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm
[[email protected] ~] # rpm -ivh http://elrepo.org/elrepo-release-6-5.el6.elrepo.noarch.rpm

四、LVS+Keepalived 實現高可用的前端負載均衡器

node1:

1.安裝httpd

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[[email protected] ~] # yum install -y httpd

2.配置httpd

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[[email protected] ~] # vim /var/www/html/index.html
<h1>RS1. test .com< /h1 >

3.啓動httpd

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[[email protected] ~] # service httpd start

4.測試

k1

5.設置開機自啓動

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[[email protected] ~] # chkconfig httpd on  
[[email protected] ~] # chkconfig httpd --list   
httpd              0:關閉    1:關閉    2:啓用    3:啓用    4:啓用    5:啓用    6:關閉

6.配置node1

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[[email protected] ~] # mkdir src  
[[email protected] ~] # cd src/   
[[email protected] src] # vim realserver.sh
#!/bin/bash  
#   
# Script to start LVS DR real server.   
# description: LVS DR real server   
#   
.   /etc/rc .d /init .d /functions
VIP=192.168.18.200  #修改你的VIP  
host=` /bin/hostname `
case  "$1"  in  
start)   
        # Start LVS-DR real server on this machine.   
         /sbin/ifconfig  lo down   
         /sbin/ifconfig  lo up   
         echo  1 >  /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_ignore   
         echo  2 >  /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_announce   
         echo  1 >  /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_ignore   
         echo  2 >  /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_announce
         /sbin/ifconfig  lo:0 $VIP broadcast $VIP netmask 255.255.255.255 up  
         /sbin/route  add -host $VIP dev lo:0
;;  
stop)
         # Stop LVS-DR real server loopback device(s).  
         /sbin/ifconfig  lo:0 down   
         echo  0 >  /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_ignore   
         echo  0 >  /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_announce   
         echo  0 >  /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_ignore   
         echo  0 >  /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_announce
;;  
status)
         # Status of LVS-DR real server.  
         islothere=` /sbin/ifconfig  lo:0 |  grep  $VIP`   
         isrothere=` netstat  -rn |  grep  "lo:0"  grep  $VIP`   
         if  [ !  "$islothere"  -o !  "isrothere"  ]; then   
             # Either the route or the lo:0 device   
             # not found.   
             echo  "LVS-DR real server Stopped."   
         else   
             echo  "LVS-DR real server Running."   
         fi   
;;   
*)   
             # Invalid entry.   
             echo  "$0: Usage: $0 {start|status|stop}"   
             exit  1   
;;   
esac   
[[email protected] src] # chmod +x realserver.sh  
[[email protected] src] # ll   
總用量 4   
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 1485 8月  22 10:18 realserver.sh
[[email protected] src] # ./realserver.sh start

7.查看配置

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[[email protected] src] # ifconfig  
eth0      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:0C:29:11:92:E4
           inet addr:192.168.18.201  Bcast:192.168.18.255  Mask:255.255.255.0   
           inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:fe11:92e4 /64  Scope:Link   
           UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1   
           RX packets:115061 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0   
           TX packets:14979 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0   
           collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000   
           RX bytes:43448483 (41.4 MiB)  TX bytes:1224926 (1.1 MiB)
lo        Link encap:Local Loopback
           inet addr:127.0.0.1  Mask:255.0.0.0   
           inet6 addr: ::1 /128  Scope:Host   
           UP LOOPBACK RUNNING  MTU:16436  Metric:1   
           RX packets:2 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0   
           TX packets:2 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0   
           collisions:0 txqueuelen:0   
           RX bytes:168 (168.0 b)  TX bytes:168 (168.0 b)
lo:0      Link encap:Local Loopback
           inet addr:192.168.18.200  Mask:255.255.255.255   
           UP LOOPBACK RUNNING  MTU:16436  Metric:1
[[email protected] src] # route -n  
Kernel IP routing table   
Destination     Gateway         Genmask         Flags Metric Ref    Use Iface   
192.168.18.200  0.0.0.0         255.255.255.255 UH    0      0        0 lo   
192.168.18.0    0.0.0.0         255.255.255.0   U     0      0        0 eth0   
169.254.0.0     0.0.0.0         255.255.0.0     U     1002   0        0 eth0   
0.0.0.0         192.168.18.254  0.0.0.0         UG    0      0        0 eth0
[[email protected] src] # cat /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_ignore  
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[[email protected] src] # cat /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_announce   
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[[email protected] src] # cat /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_ignore   
1   
[[email protected] src] # cat /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_announce
2

好了,node1到這裏基本配置完成,下面我們來配置node2。

node2:

1.安裝httpd

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[[email protected] ~] # yum install -y httpd

2.配置httpd

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[[email protected] ~] # vim /var/www/html/index.html
<h1>RS2. test .com< /h1 >

3.啓動httpd

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[[email protected] ~] # service httpd start

4.測試

k2

5.設置開機自啓動

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[[email protected] ~] # chkconfig httpd on  
[[email protected] ~] # chkconfig httpd --list   
httpd              0:關閉    1:關閉    2:啓用    3:啓用    4:啓用    5:啓用    6:關閉

6.配置node2

 

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[[email protected] ~] # mkdir src  
[[email protected] ~] # cd src/   
[[email protected] src] # vim realserver.sh
#!/bin/bash  
#   
# Script to start LVS DR real server.   
# description: LVS DR real server   
#   
.   /etc/rc .d /init .d /functions
VIP=192.168.18.200  
host=` /bin/hostname `
case  "$1"  in  
start)   
        # Start LVS-DR real server on this machine.   
         /sbin/ifconfig  lo down   
         /sbin/ifconfig  lo up   
         echo  1 >  /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_ignore   
         echo  2 >  /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_announce   
         echo  1 >  /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_ignore   
         echo  2 >  /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_announce
         /sbin/ifconfig  lo:0 $VIP broadcast $VIP netmask 255.255.255.255 up  
         /sbin/route  add -host $VIP dev lo:0
;;  
stop)
         # Stop LVS-DR real server loopback device(s).  
         /sbin/ifconfig  lo:0 down   
         echo  0 >  /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_ignore   
         echo  0 >  /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_announce   
         echo  0 >  /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_ignore   
         echo  0 >  /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_announce
;;  
status)
         # Status of LVS-DR real server.  
         islothere=` /sbin/ifconfig  lo:0 |  grep  $VIP`   
         isrothere=` netstat  -rn |  grep  "lo:0"  grep  $VIP`   
         if  [ !  "$islothere"  -o !  "isrothere"  ]; then   
             # Either the route or the lo:0 device   
             # not found.   
             echo  "LVS-DR real server Stopped."   
         else   
             echo  "LVS-DR real server Running."   
         fi   
;;   
*)   
             # Invalid entry.   
             echo  "$0: Usage: $0 {start|status|stop}"   
             exit  1   
;;   
esac
[[email protected] src] # chmod +x realserver.sh  
[[email protected] src] # ./realserver.sh start

7.查看配置

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[[email protected] src] # ifconfig  
eth0      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:0C:29:B8:DF:6A
           inet addr:192.168.18.202  Bcast:192.168.18.255  Mask:255.255.255.0   
           inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:feb8:df6a /64  Scope:Link   
           UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1   
           RX packets:110545 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0   
           TX packets:10461 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0   
           collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000   
           RX bytes:32853789 (31.3 MiB)  TX bytes:889109 (868.2 KiB)
lo        Link encap:Local Loopback
           inet addr:127.0.0.1  Mask:255.0.0.0   
           inet6 addr: ::1 /128  Scope:Host   
           UP LOOPBACK RUNNING  MTU:16436  Metric:1   
           RX packets:6 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0   
           TX packets:6 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0   
           collisions:0 txqueuelen:0   
           RX bytes:616 (616.0 b)  TX bytes:616 (616.0 b)
lo:0      Link encap:Local Loopback
           inet addr:192.168.18.200  Mask:255.255.255.255   
           UP LOOPBACK RUNNING  MTU:16436  Metric:1
[[email protected] src] # route -n  
Kernel IP routing table   
Destination     Gateway         Genmask         Flags Metric Ref    Use Iface   
192.168.18.200  0.0.0.0         255.255.255.255 UH    0      0        0 lo   
192.168.18.0    0.0.0.0         255.255.255.0   U     0      0        0 eth0   
169.254.0.0     0.0.0.0         255.255.0.0     U     1002   0        0 eth0   
0.0.0.0         192.168.18.254  0.0.0.0         UG    0      0        0 eth0
[[email protected] src] # cat /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_ignore  
1   
[[email protected] src] # cat /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_announce   
2   
[[email protected] src] # cat /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_ignore   
1   
[[email protected] src] # cat /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_announce   
2

好了,到這裏node2也基本配置完成。下面我們來配置master與slave。

masterg與slave:

1.安裝keepalived與ipvsadm

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[[email protected] ~] # yum install -y keepalived ipvsadm
[[email protected] ~] # yum install -y keepalived ipvsadm

2.修改配置文件

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[[email protected] ~] # cat /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf  
! Configuration File  for  keepalived
global_defs {  
    notification_email {   
[email protected]  #配置管理員郵箱   
    }   
    notification_email_from root  #配置發件人   
    smtp_server 127.0.0.1  #配置郵件服務器   
    smtp_connect_timeout 30   
    router_id LVS_DEVEL   
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 {  
     state MASTER  #配置模式   
     interface eth0   
     virtual_router_id 51   
     priority 101  #配置優先級   
     advert_int 1   
     authentication {   
         auth_type PASS   
         auth_pass 1111   
     }   
     virtual_ipaddress {   
         192.168.18.200  #配置虛擬IP地址   
     }   
}
virtual_server 192.168.18.200 80 {  
     delay_loop 6   
     lb_algo rr   
     lb_kind DR   
     nat_mask 255.255.255.0   
     #persistence_timeout 50   
     protocol TCP
     real_server 192.168.18.201 80 {  #配置realaserver  
         weight 1   
         HTTP_GET {  #監控配置   
             url {   
               path /   
           status_code 200   
             }   
             connect_timeout 2   
             nb_get_retry 3   
             delay_before_retry 1   
         }   
     }   
     real_server 192.168.18.202 80 {   
         weight 1   
         HTTP_GET {   
             url {   
               path /   
               status_code 200   
             }   
             connect_timeout 2   
             nb_get_retry 3   
             delay_before_retry 1   
         }   
     }   
}

3.將配置文件同步到slave

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[[email protected] ~] # scp /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf [email protected]:/etc/keepalived/

4.簡單修改一下slave配置文件

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[[email protected] keepalived] # cat keepalived.conf  
! Configuration File  for  keepalived
global_defs {  
    notification_email {   
      [email protected]   
    }   
    notification_email_from root   
    smtp_server 127.0.0.1   
    smtp_connect_timeout 30   
    router_id LVS_DEVEL   
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 {  
     state BACKUP  #修改爲BACKUP   
     interface eth0   
     virtual_router_id 51   
     priority 100  #修改優先級   
     advert_int 1   
     authentication {   
         auth_type PASS   
         auth_pass 1111   
     }   
     virtual_ipaddress {   
         192.168.18.200   
     }   
}
virtual_server 192.168.18.200 80 {  
     delay_loop 6   
     lb_algo rr   
     lb_kind DR   
     nat_mask 255.255.255.0   
     #persistence_timeout 50   
     protocol TCP
     real_server 192.168.18.201 80 {  
         weight 1   
         HTTP_GET {   
             url {   
               path /   
           status_code 200   
             }   
             connect_timeout 2   
             nb_get_retry 3   
             delay_before_retry 1   
         }   
     }   
     real_server 192.168.18.202 80 {   
         weight 1   
         HTTP_GET {   
             url {   
               path /   
               status_code 200   
             }   
             connect_timeout 2   
             nb_get_retry 3   
             delay_before_retry 1   
         }   
     }   
}

5.啓動master與slave的keepalived服務

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[[email protected] ~] # service keepalived start  
正在啓動 keepalived:                                      [確定]
[[email protected] ~] # service keepalived start  
正在啓動 keepalived:                                      [確定]

6.查看一下LVS狀態

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[[email protected] ~] # ipvsadm -L -n  
IP Virtual Server version 1.2.1 (size=4096)   
Prot LocalAddress:Port Scheduler Flags   
   -> RemoteAddress:Port           Forward Weight ActiveConn InActConn   
TCP  192.168.18.200:80 rr   
   -> 192.168.18.201:80            Route   1      0          0       
   -> 192.168.18.202:80            Route   1      0          0

7.測試

k3

k4

8.模擬故障

(1).停止一下node1

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[[email protected] src] # service httpd stop  
停止 httpd:                                               [確定]

(2).查看一下的lvs

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[[email protected] ~] # ipvsadm -L -n  
IP Virtual Server version 1.2.1 (size=4096)   
Prot LocalAddress:Port Scheduler Flags   
   -> RemoteAddress:Port           Forward Weight ActiveConn InActConn   
TCP  192.168.18.200:80 rr   
   -> 192.168.18.202:80            Route   1      0          0

(3).測試一下

k4

(4).查看一下郵件

k5

(5).重新啓動一下node1

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[[email protected] src] # service httpd start  
正在啓動 httpd:                                           [確定]

(6).再查看一下lvs狀態

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[[email protected] ~] # ipvsadm -L -n  
IP Virtual Server version 1.2.1 (size=4096)   
Prot LocalAddress:Port Scheduler Flags   
   -> RemoteAddress:Port           Forward Weight ActiveConn InActConn   
TCP  192.168.18.200:80 rr   
   -> 192.168.18.201:80            Route   1      0          0       
   -> 192.168.18.202:80            Route   1      0          0

(7).再查看一下郵件

k6

(8).關閉master上keepalived

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[[email protected] ~] # service keepalived stop  
停止 keepalived:                                          [確定]   
[[email protected] ~] # ipvsadm -L -n   
IP Virtual Server version 1.2.1 (size=4096)   
Prot LocalAddress:Port Scheduler Flags   
   -> RemoteAddress:Port           Forward Weight ActiveConn InActConn

(9).查看一下slave狀態

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[[email protected] ~] # ip addr show  
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 16436 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN   
     link /loopback  00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00   
     inet 127.0.0.1 /8  scope host lo   
     inet6 ::1 /128  scope host   
        valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever   
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000   
     link /ether  00:0c:29:f9:e6:26 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff   
     inet 192.168.18.207 /24  brd 192.168.18.255 scope global eth0   
     inet 192.168.18.200 /32  scope global eth0   
     inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fef9:e626 /64  scope link   
        valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever   
[[email protected] ~] # ipvsadm -L -n   
IP Virtual Server version 1.2.1 (size=4096)   
Prot LocalAddress:Port Scheduler Flags   
   -> RemoteAddress:Port           Forward Weight ActiveConn InActConn   
TCP  192.168.18.200:80 rr   
   -> 192.168.18.201:80            Route   1      0          0       
   -> 192.168.18.202:80            Route   1      0          0

(10).再次測試一下

k3

注,大家可以看到,經過上面的演示我們現在LVS的高可用即前端負載均衡的高可用,同時實現對後端realserver監控,也實現後端realserver宕機時會給管理員發送郵件。但還有幾個問題我們還沒有解決,問題如下:

  • 所有realserver都down機,怎麼處理?是不是用戶就沒法打開,還是提供一下維護頁面。

  • 怎麼完成維護模式keepalived切換?

  • 如何在keepalived故障時,發送警告郵件給指定的管理員?

9.所有realserver都down機,怎麼處理?

問題:在集羣中如果所有real server全部宕機了,客戶端訪問時就會出現錯誤頁面,這樣是很不友好的,我們得提供一個維護頁面來提醒用戶,服務器正在維護,什麼時間可以訪問等,下面我們就來解決一下這個問題。解決方案有兩種,一種是提供一臺備用的real server當所有的服務器宕機時,提供維護頁面,但這樣做有點浪費服務器。另一種就是在負載均衡器上提供維護頁面,這樣是比較靠譜的,也比較常用。下面我們就來具體操作一下。

(1).master與slave安裝上httpd

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[[email protected] ~] # yum install -y httpd
[[email protected] ~] # yum install -y httpd

(2).配置維護頁面

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[[email protected] ~] # vim /var/www/html/index.html 
Website is currently under maintenance, please come back later!
  [[email protected] ~] # vim /var/www/html/index.html
Website is currently under maintenance, please come back later!

(3).啓動httpd服務並測試

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[[email protected] ~] # service httpd start 
正在啓動 httpd:                                           [確定]
[[email protected] ~] # service httpd start 
正在啓動 httpd:                                           [確定]

k10

k11

(4).修改配置文件

master:

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[[email protected] ~] # cat /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf  
! Configuration File  for  keepalived
global_defs { 
    notification_email {  
      [email protected]  
    }  
    notification_email_from root  
    smtp_server 127.0.0.1  
    smtp_connect_timeout 30  
    router_id LVS_DEVEL  
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 { 
     state MASTER  
     interface eth0  
     virtual_router_id 51  
     priority 101  
     advert_int 1  
     authentication {  
         auth_type PASS  
         auth_pass 1111  
     }  
     virtual_ipaddress {  
         192.168.18.200  
     }  
}
virtual_server 192.168.18.200 80 { 
     delay_loop 6  
     lb_algo rr  
     lb_kind DR  
     nat_mask 255.255.255.0  
     protocol TCP
     real_server 192.168.18.201 80 { 
         weight 1  
         HTTP_GET {  
             url {  
               path /  
           status_code 200  
             }  
             connect_timeout 2  
             nb_get_retry 3  
             delay_before_retry 1  
         }  
     }  
     real_server 192.168.18.202 80 {  
         weight 1  
         HTTP_GET {  
             url {  
               path /  
               status_code 200  
             }  
             connect_timeout 2  
             nb_get_retry 3  
             delay_before_retry 1  
         }  
     }  
    sorry_server 127.0.0.1 80    #增加一行sorry_server   
}

slave:

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[[email protected] ~] # cat /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf  
! Configuration File  for  keepalived
global_defs { 
    notification_email {  
      [email protected]  
    }  
    notification_email_from root  
    smtp_server 127.0.0.1  
    smtp_connect_timeout 30  
    router_id LVS_DEVEL  
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 { 
     state BACKUP  
     interface eth0  
     virtual_router_id 51  
     priority 100  
     advert_int 1  
     authentication {  
         auth_type PASS  
         auth_pass 1111  
     }  
     virtual_ipaddress {  
         192.168.18.200  
     }  
}
virtual_server 192.168.18.200 80 { 
     delay_loop 6  
     lb_algo rr  
     lb_kind DR  
     nat_mask 255.255.255.0  
     protocol TCP
     real_server 192.168.18.201 80 { 
         weight 1  
         HTTP_GET {  
             url {  
               path /  
           status_code 200  
             }  
             connect_timeout 2  
             nb_get_retry 3  
             delay_before_retry 1  
         }  
     }  
     real_server 192.168.18.202 80 {  
         weight 1  
         HTTP_GET {  
             url {  
               path /  
               status_code 200  
             }  
             connect_timeout 2  
             nb_get_retry 3  
             delay_before_retry 1  
         }  
     }  
     sorry_server 127.0.0.1 80  #增加一行sorry_server   
}

(5).關閉所有的real server並重新啓動一下master與slave的keepalived

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[[email protected] ~] # service httpd stop 
停止 httpd:                                               [確定]
[[email protected] ~] # service httpd stop 
停止 httpd:                                               [確定]
[[email protected] ~] # service keepalived restart 
停止 keepalived:                                          [確定]  
正在啓動 keepalived:                                      [確定]
[[email protected] ~] # service keepalived restart 
停止 keepalived:                                          [確定]  
正在啓動 keepalived:                                      [確定]

(6).查看一下lvs

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[[email protected] ~] # ipvsadm -L -n 
IP Virtual Server version 1.2.1 (size=4096)  
Prot LocalAddress:Port Scheduler Flags  
   -> RemoteAddress:Port           Forward Weight ActiveConn InActConn  
TCP  192.168.18.200:80 rr  
   -> 127.0.0.1:80                 Local   1      0          0

(7).測試

k12

注,sorry_server測試成功,下面我們繼續。

10.怎麼完成維護模式keepalived切換?

問題:我們一般進行主從切換測試時都是關閉keepalived或關閉網卡接口,有沒有一種方法能實現在不關閉keepalived下或網卡接口來實現維護呢?方法肯定是有的,在keepalived新版本中,支持腳本vrrp_srcipt,具體如何使用大家可以man keepalived.conf查看。下面我們來演示一下具體怎麼實現。

(1).定義腳本

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vrrp_srcipt chk_schedown { 
    script  "[ -e /etc/keepalived/down ] && exit 1 || exit 0"  
    interval 1  #監控間隔  
    weight -5  #減小優先級  
    fall 2  #監控失敗次數  
    rise 1  #監控成功次數  
}

(2).執行腳本

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track_script {
    chk_schedown  #執行chk_schedown腳本
}

(3).修改配置文件

master:

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[[email protected] ~] # cat /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf  
! Configuration File  for  keepalived
global_defs { 
    notification_email {  
      [email protected]  
    }  
    notification_email_from root  
    smtp_server 127.0.0.1  
    smtp_connect_timeout 30  
    router_id LVS_DEVEL  
}
vrrp_script chk_schedown {  #定義vrrp執行腳本  
    script  "[ -e /etc/keepalived/down ] && exit 1 || exit 0"  #查看是否有down文件,有就進入維護模式  
    interval 1  #監控間隔時間  
    weight -5  #降低優先級  
    fall 2  #失敗次數  
    rise 1  #成功數次  
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 { 
     state MASTER  
     interface eth0  
     virtual_router_id 51  
     priority 101  
     advert_int 1  
     authentication {  
         auth_type PASS  
         auth_pass 1111  
     }  
     virtual_ipaddress {  
         192.168.18.200  
     }  
     track_script {  #執行腳本  
         chk_schedown  
     }  
}
virtual_server 192.168.18.200 80 { 
     delay_loop 6  
     lb_algo rr  
     lb_kind DR  
     nat_mask 255.255.255.0  
     protocol TCP
     real_server 192.168.18.201 80 { 
         weight 1  
         HTTP_GET {  
             url {  
               path /  
           status_code 200  
             }  
             connect_timeout 2  
             nb_get_retry 3  
             delay_before_retry 1  
         }  
     }  
     real_server 192.168.18.202 80 {  
         weight 1  
         HTTP_GET {  
             url {  
               path /  
               status_code 200  
             }  
             connect_timeout 2  
             nb_get_retry 3  
             delay_before_retry 1  
         }  
     }  
    sorry_server 127.0.0.1 80  
}

slave:

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[[email protected] ~] # cat /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf  
! Configuration File  for  keepalived
global_defs { 
    notification_email {  
      [email protected]  
    }  
    notification_email_from root  
    smtp_server 127.0.0.1  
    smtp_connect_timeout 30  
    router_id LVS_DEVEL  
}
vrrp_script chk_schedown { 
    script  "[ -e /etc/keepalived/down ] && exit 1 || exit 0"  
    interval 1  
    weight -5  
    fall 2  
    rise 1  
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 { 
     state BACKUP  
     interface eth0  
     virtual_router_id 51  
     priority 100  
     advert_int 1  
     authentication {  
         auth_type PASS  
         auth_pass 1111  
     }  
     virtual_ipaddress {  
         192.168.18.200  
     }  
     track_script {  
     chk_schedown  
     }
}
virtual_server 192.168.18.200 80 { 
     delay_loop 6  
     lb_algo rr  
     lb_kind DR  
     nat_mask 255.255.255.0  
     protocol TCP
     real_server 192.168.18.201 80 { 
         weight 1  
         HTTP_GET {  
             url {  
               path /  
           status_code 200  
             }  
             connect_timeout 2  
             nb_get_retry 3  
             delay_before_retry 1  
         }  
     }  
     real_server 192.168.18.202 80 {  
         weight 1  
         HTTP_GET {  
             url {  
               path /  
               status_code 200  
             }  
             connect_timeout 2  
             nb_get_retry 3  
             delay_before_retry 1  
         }  
     }  
     sorry_server 127.0.0.1 80

(4).測試

master:

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[[email protected] keepalived] # touch down #新建一下down文件
[[email protected] keepalived] # ll 
總用量 4  
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root    0 8月  22 13:39 down  
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1317 8月  22 13:35 keepalived.conf
[[email protected] keepalived] # tail -f /var/log/messages #查看一下日誌 
Aug 22 13:43:52 master Keepalived_vrrp[12003]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Entering MASTER STATE  
Aug 22 13:43:52 master Keepalived_vrrp[12003]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) setting protocol VIPs.  
Aug 22 13:43:52 master Keepalived_vrrp[12003]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Sending gratuitous ARPs on eth0  for  192.168.18.200  
Aug 22 13:43:52 master Keepalived_vrrp[12003]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Received higher prio advert  
Aug 22 13:43:52 master Keepalived_vrrp[12003]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Entering BACKUP STATE  
Aug 22 13:43:52 master Keepalived_vrrp[12003]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) removing protocol VIPs.  
Aug 22 13:43:52 master Keepalived_healthcheckers[12002]: Netlink reflector reports IP 192.168.18.200 added  
Aug 22 13:43:52 master Keepalived_healthcheckers[12002]: Netlink reflector reports IP 192.168.18.200 removed  
Aug 22 13:43:52 master Keepalived_healthcheckers[12002]: SMTP alert successfully sent.  
Aug 22 13:43:52 master Keepalived_healthcheckers[12002]: SMTP alert successfully sent.  
^C  
[[email protected] keepalived] # ip add show #查看VIP  
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 16436 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN   
     link /loopback  00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00  
     inet 127.0.0.1 /8  scope host lo  
     inet6 ::1 /128  scope host   
        valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever  
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000  
     link /ether  00:0c:29:4b:a1:85 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff  
     inet 192.168.18.208 /24  brd 192.168.18.255 scope global eth0  
     inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe4b:a185 /64  scope link   
        valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

slave:

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[[email protected] ~] # ip addr show #查看一下VIP已轉移到slave上 
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 16436 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN   
     link /loopback  00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00  
     inet 127.0.0.1 /8  scope host lo  
     inet6 ::1 /128  scope host   
        valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever  
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000  
     link /ether  00:0c:29:f9:e6:26 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff  
     inet 192.168.18.207 /24  brd 192.168.18.255 scope global eth0  
     inet 192.168.18.200 /32  scope global eth0  
     inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fef9:e626 /64  scope link   
        valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

好了,自寫監測腳本,完成維護模式切換,到這裏就演示成功,下面我們來解決最後一個問題,就是keepalived主從切換的郵件通告。

11.如何在keepalived故障時(或主備切換時),發送警告郵件給指定的管理員?

(1).keepalived通知腳本進階示例

下面的腳本可以接受選項,其中

  • -s, --service SERVICE,...:指定服務腳本名稱,當狀態切換時可自動啓動、重啓或關閉此服務;

  • -a, --address VIP: 指定相關虛擬路由器的VIP地址;

  • -m, --mode {mm|mb}:指定虛擬路由的模型,mm表示主主,mb表示主備;它們表示相對於同一種服務而方,其VIP的工作類型;

  • -n, --notify {master|backup|fault}:指定通知的類型,即vrrp角色切換的目標角色;

  • -h, --help:獲取腳本的使用幫助;

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#!/bin/bash 
# Author: freeloda   
# description: An example of notify script  
# Usage: notify.sh -m|--mode {mm|mb} -s|--service SERVICE1,... -a|--address VIP  -n|--notify {master|backup|falut} -h|--help
contact= '[email protected]'
helpflag=0  
serviceflag=0  
modeflag=0  
addressflag=0  
notifyflag=0
Usage() { 
   echo  "Usage: notify.sh [-m|--mode {mm|mb}] [-s|--service SERVICE1,...] <-a|--address VIP>  <-n|--notify {master|backup|falut}>"   
   echo  "Usage: notify.sh -h|--help"  
}
ParseOptions() { 
   local  I=1;  
   if  [ $ # -gt 0 ]; then  
     while  [ $I - le  $ # ]; do  
       case  $1  in  
       -s|--service)  
         [ $ # -lt 2 ] && return 3  
          serviceflag=1  
          services=(` echo  $2| awk  -F ","  '{for(i=1;i<=NF;i++) print $i}' `)  
         shift  2 ;;  
       -h|--help)  
          helpflag=1  
         return  0  
         shift  
         ;;  
       -a|--address)  
         [ $ # -lt 2 ] && return 3  
         addressflag=1  
         vip=$2  
         shift  2  
         ;;  
       -m|--mode)  
         [ $ # -lt 2 ] && return 3  
         mode=$2  
         shift  2  
         ;;  
       -n|--notify)  
         [ $ # -lt 2 ] && return 3  
         notifyflag=1  
         notify=$2  
         shift  2  
         ;;  
       *)  
         echo  "Wrong options..."  
         Usage  
         return  7  
         ;;  
        esac  
     done  
     return  0  
   fi  
}
#workspace=$(dirname $0)
RestartService() { 
   if  [ ${ #@} -gt 0 ]; then  
     for  in  [email protected] do  
       if  [ -x  /etc/rc .d /init .d/$I ];  then  
         /etc/rc .d /init .d/$I restart  
       else  
         echo  "$I is not a valid service..."  
       fi  
     done  
   fi  
}
StopService() { 
   if  [ ${ #@} -gt 0 ]; then  
     for  in  [email protected] do  
       if  [ -x  /etc/rc .d /init .d/$I ];  then  
         /etc/rc .d /init .d/$I stop  
       else  
         echo  "$I is not a valid service..."  
       fi  
     done  
   fi  
}
Notify() {  
     mailsubject= "`hostname` to be $1: $vip floating"  
     mailbody= "`date '+%F %H:%M:%S'`, vrrp transition, `hostname` changed to be $1."  
     echo  $mailbody | mail -s  "$mailsubject"  $contact  
}
# Main Function  
ParseOptions [email protected]  
[ $? - ne  0 ] && Usage &&  exit  5
[ $helpflag - eq  1 ] && Usage &&  exit  0
if  [ $addressflag - ne  1 -o $notifyflag - ne  1 ];  then 
   Usage  
   exit  2  
fi
mode=${mode:-mb}
case  $notify  in 
'master' )  
   if  [ $serviceflag - eq  1 ];  then  
       RestartService ${services[*]}  
   fi  
   Notify master  
   ;;  
'backup' )  
   if  [ $serviceflag - eq  1 ];  then  
     if  "$mode"  ==  'mb'  ];  then  
       StopService ${services[*]}  
     else  
       RestartService ${services[*]}  
     fi  
   fi  
   Notify backup  
   ;;  
'fault' )  
   Notify fault  
   ;;  
*)  
   Usage  
   exit  4  
   ;;  
esac

(2).在keepalived.conf配置文件中,其調用方法如下所示:

  • notify_master "/etc/keepalived/notify.sh -n master -a 192.168.18.200"  

  • notify_backup "/etc/keepalived/notify.sh -n backup -a 192.168.18.200"  

  • notify_fault "/etc/keepalived/notify.sh -n fault -a 192.168.18.200"  

(3).修改配置文件

master:

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[[email protected] keepalived] # cat keepalived.conf  
! Configuration File  for  keepalived
global_defs { 
    notification_email {  
      [email protected]  
    }  
    notification_email_from root  
    smtp_server 127.0.0.1  
    smtp_connect_timeout 30  
    router_id LVS_DEVEL  
}
vrrp_script chk_schedown { 
    script  "[ -e /etc/keepalived/down ] && exit 1 || exit 0"  
    interval 1  
    weight -5  
    fall 2  
    rise 1  
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 { 
     state MASTER  
     interface eth0  
     virtual_router_id 51  
     priority 101  
     advert_int 1  
     authentication {  
         auth_type PASS  
         auth_pass 1111  
     }  
     virtual_ipaddress {  
         192.168.18.200  
     }  
     track_script {  
         chk_schedown  
     }
     #增加以下三行 
     notify_master  "/etc/keepalived/notify.sh -n master -a 192.168.18.200"  
     notify_backup  "/etc/keepalived/notify.sh -n backup -a 192.168.18.200"
     notify_fault  "/etc/keepalived/notify.sh -n fault -a 192.168.18.200"
}
virtual_server 192.168.18.200 80 { 
     delay_loop 6  
     lb_algo rr  
     lb_kind DR  
     nat_mask 255.255.255.0  
     protocol TCP
     real_server 192.168.18.201 80 { 
         weight 1  
         HTTP_GET {  
             url {  
               path /  
           status_code 200  
             }  
             connect_timeout 2  
             nb_get_retry 3  
             delay_before_retry 1  
         }  
     }  
     real_server 192.168.18.202 80 {  
         weight 1  
         HTTP_GET {  
             url {  
               path /  
               status_code 200  
             }  
             connect_timeout 2  
             nb_get_retry 3  
             delay_before_retry 1  
         }  
     }  
    sorry_server 127.0.0.1 80  
}

slave:

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[[email protected] keepalived] # cat keepalived.conf  
! Configuration File  for  keepalived
global_defs { 
    notification_email {  
      [email protected]  
    }  
    notification_email_from root  
    smtp_server 127.0.0.1  
    smtp_connect_timeout 30  
    router_id LVS_DEVEL  
}
vrrp_script chk_schedown { 
    script  "[ -e /etc/keepalived/down ] && exit 1 || exit 0"  
    interval 1  
    weight -5  
    fall 2  
    rise 1  
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 { 
     state BACKUP  
     interface eth0  
     virtual_router_id 51  
     priority 100  
     advert_int 1  
     authentication {  
         auth_type PASS  
         auth_pass 1111  
     }  
     virtual_ipaddress {  
         192.168.18.200  
     }  
     track_script {  
     chk_schedown  
     }
     #增加以下三行 
     notify_master  "/etc/keepalived/notify.sh -n master -a 192.168.18.200"
     notify_backup  "/etc/keepalived/notify.sh -n backup -a 192.168.18.200"  
     notify_fault  "/etc/keepalived/notify.sh -n fault -a 192.168.18.200"  
}
virtual_server 192.168.18.200 80 { 
     delay_loop 6  
     lb_algo rr  
     lb_kind DR  
     nat_mask 255.255.255.0  
     protocol TCP
     real_server 192.168.18.201 80 { 
         weight 1  
         HTTP_GET {  
             url {  
               path /  
           status_code 200  
             }  
             connect_timeout 2  
             nb_get_retry 3  
             delay_before_retry 1  
         }  
     }  
     real_server 192.168.18.202 80 {  
         weight 1  
         HTTP_GET {  
             url {  
               path /  
               status_code 200  
             }  
             connect_timeout 2  
             nb_get_retry 3  
             delay_before_retry 1  
         }  
     }  
     sorry_server 127.0.0.1 80  
}

(4).增加腳本

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[[email protected] keepalived] # pwd 
/etc/keepalived  
[[email protected] keepalived] # vim notify.sh
[[email protected] keepalived] # cat notify.sh  
#!/bin/bash  
# Author: freeloda   
# description: An example of notify script  
# Usage: notify.sh -m|--mode {mm|mb} -s|--service SERVICE1,... -a|--address VIP  -n|--notify {master|backup|falut} -h|--help
contact= '[email protected]' 
helpflag=0  
serviceflag=0  
modeflag=0  
addressflag=0  
notifyflag=0
Usage() { 
   echo  "Usage: notify.sh [-m|--mode {mm|mb}] [-s|--service SERVICE1,...] <-a|--address VIP>  <-n|--notify {master|backup|falut}>"   
   echo  "Usage: notify.sh -h|--help"  
}
ParseOptions() { 
   local  I=1;  
   if  [ $ # -gt 0 ]; then  
     while  [ $I - le  $ # ]; do  
       case  $1  in  
       -s|--service)  
         [ $ # -lt 2 ] && return 3  
          serviceflag=1  
          services=(` echo  $2| awk  -F ","  '{for(i=1;i<=NF;i++) print $i}' `)  
         shift  2 ;;  
       -h|--help)  
          helpflag=1  
         return  0  
         shift  
         ;;  
       -a|--address)  
         [ $ # -lt 2 ] && return 3  
         addressflag=1  
         vip=$2  
         shift  2  
         ;;  
       -m|--mode)  
         [ $ # -lt 2 ] && return 3  
         mode=$2  
         shift  2  
         ;;  
       -n|--notify)  
         [ $ # -lt 2 ] && return 3  
         notifyflag=1  
         notify=$2  
         shift  2  
         ;;  
       *)  
         echo  "Wrong options..."  
         Usage  
         return  7  
         ;;  
        esac  
     done  
     return  0  
   fi  
}
#workspace=$(dirname $0)
RestartService() { 
   if  [ ${ #@} -gt 0 ]; then  
     for  in  [email protected] do  
       if  [ -x  /etc/rc .d /init .d/$I ];  then  
         /etc/rc .d /init .d/$I restart  
       else  
         echo  "$I is not a valid service..."  
       fi  
     done  
   fi  
}
StopService() { 
   if  [ ${ #@} -gt 0 ]; then  
     for  in  [email protected] do  
       if  [ -x  /etc/rc .d /init .d/$I ];  then  
         /etc/rc .d /init .d/$I stop  
       else  
         echo  "$I is not a valid service..."  
       fi  
     done  
   fi  
}
Notify() {  
     mailsubject= "`hostname` to be $1: $vip floating"  
     mailbody= "`date '+%F %H:%M:%S'`, vrrp transition, `hostname` changed to be $1."  
     echo  $mailbody | mail -s  "$mailsubject"  $contact  
}
# Main Function  
ParseOptions [email protected]  
[ $? - ne  0 ] && Usage &&  exit  5
[ $helpflag - eq  1 ] && Usage &&  exit  0
if  [ $addressflag - ne  1 -o $notifyflag - ne  1 ];  then 
   Usage  
   exit  2  
fi
mode=${mode:-mb}
case  $notify  in 
'master' )  
   if  [ $serviceflag - eq  1 ];  then  
       RestartService ${services[*]}  
   fi  
   Notify master  
   ;;  
'backup' )  
   if  [ $serviceflag - eq  1 ];  then  
     if  "$mode"  ==  'mb'  ];  then  
       StopService ${services[*]}  
     else  
       RestartService ${services[*]}  
     fi  
   fi  
   Notify backup  
   ;;  
'fault' )  
   Notify fault  
   ;;  
*)  
   Usage  
   exit  4  
   ;;  
esac

(5).給腳本增加執行權限

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[[email protected] keepalived] # chmod +x notify.sh

(6).將master上腳本複製到slave上

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[[email protected] keepalived] # scp -p notify.sh [email protected]:/etc/keepalived/

(7).測試一下腳本

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[[email protected] keepalived] # ./notify.sh -h 
Usage: notify.sh [-m|--mode {mm|mb}] [-s|--service SERVICE1,...] <-a|--address VIP>  <-n|--notify {master|backup|falut}>  
Usage: notify.sh -h|--help  
[[email protected] keepalived] # ./notify.sh --help  
Usage: notify.sh [-m|--mode {mm|mb}] [-s|--service SERVICE1,...] <-a|--address VIP>  <-n|--notify {master|backup|falut}>  
Usage: notify.sh -h|--help  
[[email protected] keepalived] # ./notify.sh -m mb -a 1.1.1.1 -n master

(8).查看一下郵件

k13

注,大家可以看到成功收到郵件,測試成功。在模擬故障時先重啓一下keepalived服務

(9).模擬故障

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[[email protected] keepalived] # ip addr show #查看一下VIP 
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 16436 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN   
     link /loopback  00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00  
     inet 127.0.0.1 /8  scope host lo  
     inet6 ::1 /128  scope host   
        valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever  
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000  
     link /ether  00:0c:29:4b:a1:85 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff  
     inet 192.168.18.208 /24  brd 192.168.18.255 scope global eth0  
     inet 192.168.18.200 /32  scope global eth0  
     inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe4b:a185 /64  scope link   
        valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever  
[[email protected] keepalived] # touch down #進入維護模式  
[[email protected] keepalived] # ll  
總用量 8  
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root    0 8月  22 14:39 down  
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1543 8月  22 14:04 keepalived.conf  
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 2516 8月  22 14:15 notify.sh  
[[email protected] keepalived] # ip addr show #再次查看VIP  
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 16436 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN   
     link /loopback  00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00  
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