Java GUI

時間 2019-11-12

標籤 java gui 欄目 Java 简体版

原文原文鏈接

1. GUIjava

Graphical user interface（圖形用戶接口）：用圖形的方式，來顯示計算機操做的界面，這樣更加直觀設計模式

CLI：command line User interface（命令行用戶接口）：經常使用的Dos命令行操做，須要記住一些經常使用的命令，操做不直觀app

java.awt:Abstract Window ToolKit（抽象窗口工具包）：須要調用本地系統的方法實現功能，屬於重量級控件ide

javax.swing:在AWT的基礎上，創建的一套圖形界面系統，提供了不少的組件，並且徹底由java實現，增長了移植性，屬於輕量級控件工具

2. Framespa

public void setTitle(String s):設置窗體的標題命令行

public void setSize(width, height):設置窗體的大小設計

public void setLocation(x, y):設置窗體的區域code

public void setBounds(x, y, width, height):同時設置窗體的大小和所在區域orm

public void setVisible(true):設置窗體是否可見

public class GUIDemo {
    public static void main(String[] args){
        Frame f = new Frame();
        // Frame f = new Frame("窗口標題");
        
        f.setTitle("frame");    // 設置窗體標題
        f.setSize(400, 300);    // 單位：像素，設置窗體的大小
        /* 等同於：
         * Dimension d = new Dimension(400,300);
         * f.setSize(400, 300);
         */
        f.setLocation(400,200);    // 設置窗體所在的區域
        /* 等同於
         * Point p = new Point(400, 200);
         * f.setLocation(p);
         */
        
        /*
         * f.setBounds(x, y, width, height);
         * 等同於：
         * f.setLocation(x, y);
         * f.setSize(width, height);
         */
        
        f.setVisible(true);
    }
}

3. 事件監聽機制

事件源：事件發生的地方

事件：要發生的事情

事件處理：針對發生的事情作出的處理方案

事件監聽：把事件源和事件聯繫起來

public class GUIDemo {
    public static void main(String[] args){
        Frame f = new Frame();
        // Frame f = new Frame("窗口標題");
        
        f.setTitle("frame");    // 設置窗體標題
        f.setSize(400, 300);    // 單位：像素，設置窗體的大小
        /* 等同於：
         * Dimension d = new Dimension(400,300);
         * f.setSize(400, 300);
         */
        f.setLocation(400,200);    // 設置窗體所在的區域
        /* 等同於
         * Point p = new Point(400, 200);
         * f.setLocation(p);
         */
        
        /*
         * f.setBounds(x, y, width, height);
         * 等同於：
         * f.setLocation(x, y);
         * f.setSize(width, height);
         */
        f.addWindowListener(new WindowListener(){

            @Override
            public void windowOpened(WindowEvent e) {
                // TODO Auto-generated method stub
                
            }

            @Override
            public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
                // TODO Auto-generated method stub
                System.exit(0);
            }

            @Override
            public void windowClosed(WindowEvent e) {
                // TODO Auto-generated method stub
                
            }

            @Override
            public void windowIconified(WindowEvent e) {
                // TODO Auto-generated method stub
                
            }

            @Override
            public void windowDeiconified(WindowEvent e) {
                // TODO Auto-generated method stub
                
            }

            @Override
            public void windowActivated(WindowEvent e) {
                // TODO Auto-generated method stub
                
            }

            @Override
            public void windowDeactivated(WindowEvent e) {
                // TODO Auto-generated method stub
                
            }
            
        });
        f.setVisible(true);
    }
}

4. 適配器設計模式

接口的方法比較多，也得把其餘的實現也提供了，即便是空實現

解決方案：接口（方法比較多）------>適配器（實現接口，空實現）------->實現類（用哪一個重寫哪一個）

針對上例的改進版：

f.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter(){
            public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
                System.exit(0);
            }
        });

例：文本框的數據轉移到文本域

public class FrameDemo {
    public static void main(String[] args){
        Frame f = new Frame("數據轉移");
        f.setBounds(400, 200, 400, 300);
        f.setLayout(new FlowLayout());
        
        final TextField tf = new TextField(20);
        Button bu = new Button("heoo");
        final TextArea ta = new TextArea(10, 40);
        
        f.add(tf);
        f.add(bu);
        f.add(ta);
        
        f.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter(){
            @Override
            public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e){
                System.exit(0);
            }
        });
        
        bu.addActionListener(new ActionListener(){

            @Override
            public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
                // TODO Auto-generated method stub
                String tf_str = tf.getText().trim();
                tf.setText("");
                // ta.setText(tf_str);;
                ta.append(tf_str + "\r\n");
                tf.requestFocus();   // 獲取光標
            }
            
        });
        
        f.setVisible(true);
    }
}

效果圖：

例：顏色變換

public class ColorTranverce {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        final Frame f = new Frame();
        f.setBounds(400, 200, 400, 300);
        f.setLayout(new FlowLayout());

        Button redButton = new Button("red");

        /*
         * 按鈕的動做實現更改背景色 redButton.addActionListener(new ActionListener(){
         * 
         * @Override public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) { // TODO
         * Auto-generated method stub f.setBackground(Color.red); }
         * 
         * });
         */

        // 對按鈕田間鼠標點擊事件
        redButton.addMouseListener(new MouseAdapter() {
            @Override
            public void mouseClicked(MouseEvent e) {
                f.setBackground(Color.red);
            }
            
            @Override
            public void mouseEntered(MouseEvent e){
                f.setBackground(Color.gray);
            }
        });

        f.add(redButton);
        f.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
            public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
                System.exit(0);
            }
        });

        f.setVisible(true);
    }
}

文本框只能輸入數字和字符案例

public class NumbericDemo {
    public static void main(String[] args){
        Frame f = new Frame("number");
        f.setBounds(400, 200, 400, 300);
        f.setLayout(new FlowLayout());
        Label label = new Label("please input your qq number");
        TextField tf = new TextField(40);
        
        f.add(label);
        f.add(tf);
        
        tf.addKeyListener(new KeyAdapter(){
            @Override
            public void keyPressed(KeyEvent e){
                char ch = e.getKeyChar();
                if(!(ch >= '0' && ch <= '9')){
                    e.consume();    // 事件取消
                }
            }
        });
        
        f.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter(){
            @Override
            public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e){
                System.exit(0);
            }
        });
        
        f.setVisible(true);
    }
}

5. 菜單組件

5.1 單級菜單

public class MenuDemo {
    public static void main(String[] args){
        Frame f = new Frame("單極菜單");
        f.setBounds(400, 200, 400, 300);
        f.setLayout(new FlowLayout());
        
        MenuBar mb = new MenuBar();
        Menu m = new Menu("file");
        MenuItem mi = new MenuItem("exit");
        
        m.add(mi);
        mb.add(m);
        
        f.setMenuBar(mb);
        
        mi.addActionListener(new ActionListener(){

            @Override
            public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
                // TODO Auto-generated method stub
                System.exit(0);
            }
            
        });
        
        f.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter(){
            @Override
            public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e){
                System.exit(0);
            }
        });
        
        f.setVisible(true);
    }
}

5.2 多級菜單

public class MenuDemo {
    public static void main(String[] args){
        final Frame f = new Frame("title");        // 匿名內部類調用的變量必須使用final修飾
        f.setBounds(400, 200, 400, 300);
        f.setLayout(new FlowLayout());
        
        MenuBar mb = new MenuBar();
        Menu m1 = new Menu("file");
        Menu m2 = new Menu("change title");
        
        final MenuItem mi1 = new MenuItem("t");
        final MenuItem mi2 = new MenuItem("g");
        MenuItem mi3 = new MenuItem("return titile");
        MenuItem mi4 = new MenuItem("open notepad");
        MenuItem mi5 = new MenuItem("exit");
        
        final String name = f.getTitle();
        
        m2.add(mi1);
        m2.add(mi2);
        m2.add(mi3);
        
        m1.add(m2);
        m1.add(mi4);
        m1.add(mi5);
        
        mb.add(m1);
        
        f.setMenuBar(mb);
        
        mi1.addActionListener(new ActionListener(){

            @Override
            public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
                // TODO Auto-generated method stub
                f.setTitle(mi1.getLabel());
            }
            
        });
        
        mi2.addActionListener(new ActionListener(){

            @Override
            public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
                // TODO Auto-generated method stub
                f.setTitle(mi2.getLabel());
            }
            
        });
        
        mi3.addActionListener(new ActionListener(){

            @Override
            public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
                // TODO Auto-generated method stub
                f.setTitle(name);
            }
            
        });
        
        mi4.addActionListener(new ActionListener(){

            @Override
            public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
                // TODO Auto-generated method stub
                Runtime rt = Runtime.getRuntime();
                try {
                    rt.exec("notepad");
                } catch (IOException e1) {
                    // TODO Auto-generated catch block
                    e1.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            
        });
        
        mi5.addActionListener(new ActionListener(){

            @Override
            public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
                // TODO Auto-generated method stub
                System.exit(0);
            }
            
        });
        
        f.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter(){
            @Override
            public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e){
                System.exit(0);
            }
        });
        
        f.setVisible(true);
    }
}