接下來咱們介紹對稱加密算法,最經常使用的莫過於DES數據加密算法。
DES
DES-Data Encryption Standard,即數據加密算法。是IBM公司於1975年研究成功並公開發表的。DES算法的入口參數有三個:Key、Data、Mode。其中Key爲8個字節共64位,是DES算法的工做密鑰;Data也爲8個字節64位,是要被加密或被解密的數據;Mode爲DES的工做方式,有兩種:加密或解密。
DES算法把64位的明文輸入塊變爲64位的密文輸出塊,它所使用的密鑰也是64位。
經過java代碼實現以下:
Coder類見 Java加密技術(一)
- import java.security.Key;
- import java.security.SecureRandom;
-
- import javax.crypto.Cipher;
- import javax.crypto.KeyGenerator;
- import javax.crypto.SecretKey;
- import javax.crypto.SecretKeyFactory;
- import javax.crypto.spec.DESKeySpec;
-
-
- /**
- * DES安全編碼組件
- *
- * <pre>
- * 支持 DES、DESede(TripleDES,就是3DES)、AES、Blowfish、RC二、RC4(ARCFOUR)
- * DES key size must be equal to 56
- * DESede(TripleDES) key size must be equal to 112 or 168
- * AES key size must be equal to 128, 192 or 256,but 192 and 256 bits may not be available
- * Blowfish key size must be multiple of 8, and can only range from 32 to 448 (inclusive)
- * RC2 key size must be between 40 and 1024 bits
- * RC4(ARCFOUR) key size must be between 40 and 1024 bits
- * 具體內容 須要關注 JDK Document http://.../docs/technotes/guides/security/SunProviders.html
- * </pre>
- *
- * @author 樑棟
- * @version 1.0
- * @since 1.0
- */
- public abstract class DESCoder extends Coder {
- /**
- * ALGORITHM 算法 <br>
- * 可替換爲如下任意一種算法,同時key值的size相應改變。
- *
- * <pre>
- * DES key size must be equal to 56
- * DESede(TripleDES) key size must be equal to 112 or 168
- * AES key size must be equal to 128, 192 or 256,but 192 and 256 bits may not be available
- * Blowfish key size must be multiple of 8, and can only range from 32 to 448 (inclusive)
- * RC2 key size must be between 40 and 1024 bits
- * RC4(ARCFOUR) key size must be between 40 and 1024 bits
- * </pre>
- *
- * 在Key toKey(byte[] key)方法中使用下述代碼
- * <code>SecretKey secretKey = new SecretKeySpec(key, ALGORITHM);</code> 替換
- * <code>
- * DESKeySpec dks = new DESKeySpec(key);
- * SecretKeyFactory keyFactory = SecretKeyFactory.getInstance(ALGORITHM);
- * SecretKey secretKey = keyFactory.generateSecret(dks);
- * </code>
- */
- public static final String ALGORITHM = "DES";
-
- /**
- * 轉換密鑰<br>
- *
- * @param key
- * @return
- * @throws Exception
- */
- private static Key toKey(byte[] key) throws Exception {
- DESKeySpec dks = new DESKeySpec(key);
- SecretKeyFactory keyFactory = SecretKeyFactory.getInstance(ALGORITHM);
- SecretKey secretKey = keyFactory.generateSecret(dks);
-
- // 當使用其餘對稱加密算法時,如AES、Blowfish等算法時,用下述代碼替換上述三行代碼
- // SecretKey secretKey = new SecretKeySpec(key, ALGORITHM);
-
- return secretKey;
- }
-
- /**
- * 解密
- *
- * @param data
- * @param key
- * @return
- * @throws Exception
- */
- public static byte[] decrypt(byte[] data, String key) throws Exception {
- Key k = toKey(decryptBASE64(key));
-
- Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance(ALGORITHM);
- cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, k);
-
- return cipher.doFinal(data);
- }
-
- /**
- * 加密
- *
- * @param data
- * @param key
- * @return
- * @throws Exception
- */
- public static byte[] encrypt(byte[] data, String key) throws Exception {
- Key k = toKey(decryptBASE64(key));
- Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance(ALGORITHM);
- cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, k);
-
- return cipher.doFinal(data);
- }
-
- /**
- * 生成密鑰
- *
- * @return
- * @throws Exception
- */
- public static String initKey() throws Exception {
- return initKey(null);
- }
-
- /**
- * 生成密鑰
- *
- * @param seed
- * @return
- * @throws Exception
- */
- public static String initKey(String seed) throws Exception {
- SecureRandom secureRandom = null;
-
- if (seed != null) {
- secureRandom = new SecureRandom(decryptBASE64(seed));
- } else {
- secureRandom = new SecureRandom();
- }
-
- KeyGenerator kg = KeyGenerator.getInstance(ALGORITHM);
- kg.init(secureRandom);
-
- SecretKey secretKey = kg.generateKey();
-
- return encryptBASE64(secretKey.getEncoded());
- }
- }
import java.security.Key;
import java.security.SecureRandom;
import javax.crypto.Cipher;
import javax.crypto.KeyGenerator;
import javax.crypto.SecretKey;
import javax.crypto.SecretKeyFactory;
import javax.crypto.spec.DESKeySpec;
/**
* DES安全編碼組件
*
* <pre>
* 支持 DES、DESede(TripleDES,就是3DES)、AES、Blowfish、RC二、RC4(ARCFOUR)
* DES key size must be equal to 56
* DESede(TripleDES) key size must be equal to 112 or 168
* AES key size must be equal to 128, 192 or 256,but 192 and 256 bits may not be available
* Blowfish key size must be multiple of 8, and can only range from 32 to 448 (inclusive)
* RC2 key size must be between 40 and 1024 bits
* RC4(ARCFOUR) key size must be between 40 and 1024 bits
* 具體內容 須要關注 JDK Document http://.../docs/technotes/guides/security/SunProviders.html
* </pre>
*
* @author 樑棟
* @version 1.0
* @since 1.0
*/
public abstract class DESCoder extends Coder {
/**
* ALGORITHM 算法 <br>
* 可替換爲如下任意一種算法,同時key值的size相應改變。
*
* <pre>
* DES key size must be equal to 56
* DESede(TripleDES) key size must be equal to 112 or 168
* AES key size must be equal to 128, 192 or 256,but 192 and 256 bits may not be available
* Blowfish key size must be multiple of 8, and can only range from 32 to 448 (inclusive)
* RC2 key size must be between 40 and 1024 bits
* RC4(ARCFOUR) key size must be between 40 and 1024 bits
* </pre>
*
* 在Key toKey(byte[] key)方法中使用下述代碼
* <code>SecretKey secretKey = new SecretKeySpec(key, ALGORITHM);</code> 替換
* <code>
* DESKeySpec dks = new DESKeySpec(key);
* SecretKeyFactory keyFactory = SecretKeyFactory.getInstance(ALGORITHM);
* SecretKey secretKey = keyFactory.generateSecret(dks);
* </code>
*/
public static final String ALGORITHM = "DES";
/**
* 轉換密鑰<br>
*
* @param key
* @return
* @throws Exception
*/
private static Key toKey(byte[] key) throws Exception {
DESKeySpec dks = new DESKeySpec(key);
SecretKeyFactory keyFactory = SecretKeyFactory.getInstance(ALGORITHM);
SecretKey secretKey = keyFactory.generateSecret(dks);
// 當使用其餘對稱加密算法時,如AES、Blowfish等算法時,用下述代碼替換上述三行代碼
// SecretKey secretKey = new SecretKeySpec(key, ALGORITHM);
return secretKey;
}
/**
* 解密
*
* @param data
* @param key
* @return
* @throws Exception
*/
public static byte[] decrypt(byte[] data, String key) throws Exception {
Key k = toKey(decryptBASE64(key));
Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance(ALGORITHM);
cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, k);
return cipher.doFinal(data);
}
/**
* 加密
*
* @param data
* @param key
* @return
* @throws Exception
*/
public static byte[] encrypt(byte[] data, String key) throws Exception {
Key k = toKey(decryptBASE64(key));
Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance(ALGORITHM);
cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, k);
return cipher.doFinal(data);
}
/**
* 生成密鑰
*
* @return
* @throws Exception
*/
public static String initKey() throws Exception {
return initKey(null);
}
/**
* 生成密鑰
*
* @param seed
* @return
* @throws Exception
*/
public static String initKey(String seed) throws Exception {
SecureRandom secureRandom = null;
if (seed != null) {
secureRandom = new SecureRandom(decryptBASE64(seed));
} else {
secureRandom = new SecureRandom();
}
KeyGenerator kg = KeyGenerator.getInstance(ALGORITHM);
kg.init(secureRandom);
SecretKey secretKey = kg.generateKey();
return encryptBASE64(secretKey.getEncoded());
}
}
延續上一個類的實現,咱們經過MD5以及SHA對字符串加密生成密鑰,這是比較常見的密鑰生成方式。
再給出一個測試類:
- import static org.junit.Assert.*;
-
-
- import org.junit.Test;
-
- /**
- *
- * @author 樑棟
- * @version 1.0
- * @since 1.0
- */
- public class DESCoderTest {
-
- @Test
- public void test() throws Exception {
- String inputStr = "DES";
- String key = DESCoder.initKey();
- System.err.println("原文:\t" + inputStr);
-
- System.err.println("密鑰:\t" + key);
-
- byte[] inputData = inputStr.getBytes();
- inputData = DESCoder.encrypt(inputData, key);
-
- System.err.println("加密後:\t" + DESCoder.encryptBASE64(inputData));
-
- byte[] outputData = DESCoder.decrypt(inputData, key);
- String outputStr = new String(outputData);
-
- System.err.println("解密後:\t" + outputStr);
-
- assertEquals(inputStr, outputStr);
- }
- }
import static org.junit.Assert.*;
import org.junit.Test;
/**
*
* @author 樑棟
* @version 1.0
* @since 1.0
*/
public class DESCoderTest {
@Test
public void test() throws Exception {
String inputStr = "DES";
String key = DESCoder.initKey();
System.err.println("原文:\t" + inputStr);
System.err.println("密鑰:\t" + key);
byte[] inputData = inputStr.getBytes();
inputData = DESCoder.encrypt(inputData, key);
System.err.println("加密後:\t" + DESCoder.encryptBASE64(inputData));
byte[] outputData = DESCoder.decrypt(inputData, key);
String outputStr = new String(outputData);
System.err.println("解密後:\t" + outputStr);
assertEquals(inputStr, outputStr);
}
}
獲得的輸出內容以下:
- 原文: DES
- 密鑰: f3wEtRrV6q0=
-
- 加密後: C6qe9oNIzRY=
-
- 解密後: DES
原文: DES
密鑰: f3wEtRrV6q0=
加密後: C6qe9oNIzRY=
解密後: DES
由控制檯獲得的輸出,咱們可以比對加密、解密後結果一致。這是一種簡單的加密解密方式,只有一個密鑰。
其實DES有不少同胞兄弟,如DESede(TripleDES)、AES、Blowfish、RC二、RC4(ARCFOUR)。這裏就不過多闡述了,大同小異,只要換掉ALGORITHM換成對應的值,同時作一個代碼替換
SecretKey secretKey = new SecretKeySpec(key, ALGORITHM);就能夠了,此外就是密鑰長度不一樣了。
- /**
- * DES key size must be equal to 56
- * DESede(TripleDES) key size must be equal to 112 or 168
- * AES key size must be equal to 128, 192 or 256,but 192 and 256 bits may not be available
- * Blowfish key size must be multiple of 8, and can only range from 32 to 448 (inclusive)
- * RC2 key size must be between 40 and 1024 bits
- * RC4(ARCFOUR) key size must be between 40 and 1024 bits
- **/