android 8種對話框(Dialog)使用方法彙總

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1.寫在前面

  • Android提供了豐富的Dialog函數,本文介紹最經常使用的8種對話框的使用方法,包括普通(包含提示消息和按鈕)、列表、單選、多選、等待、進度條、編輯、自定義等多種形式,將在第2部分介紹。
  • 有時,咱們但願在對話框建立或關閉時完成一些特定的功能,這須要複寫Dialog的create()show()dismiss()等方法,將在第3部分介紹。

2.代碼示例

圖片示例

2.1 普通Dialog(圖1與圖2)

  • 2個按鈕
public class MainActivity extends Activity {

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        Button buttonNormal = (Button) findViewById(R.id.button_normal);
        buttonNormal.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                showNormalDialog();
            }
        });
    }
    
    private void showNormalDialog(){
        /* @setIcon 設置對話框圖標
         * @setTitle 設置對話框標題
         * @setMessage 設置對話框消息提示
         * setXXX方法返回Dialog對象,所以能夠鏈式設置屬性
         */
        final AlertDialog.Builder normalDialog = 
            new AlertDialog.Builder(MainActivity.this);
        normalDialog.setIcon(R.drawable.icon_dialog);
        normalDialog.setTitle("我是一個普通Dialog")
        normalDialog.setMessage("你要點擊哪個按鈕呢?");
        normalDialog.setPositiveButton("肯定", 
            new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {
                //...To-do
            }
        });
        normalDialog.setNegativeButton("關閉", 
            new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {
                //...To-do
            }
        });
        // 顯示
        normalDialog.show();
    }
}
  • 3個按鈕
/* @setNeutralButton 設置中間的按鈕
 * 若只需一個按鈕,僅設置 setPositiveButton 便可
 */
private void showMultiBtnDialog(){
    AlertDialog.Builder normalDialog = 
        new AlertDialog.Builder(MainActivity.this);
    normalDialog.setIcon(R.drawable.icon_dialog);
    normalDialog.setTitle("我是一個普通Dialog").setMessage("你要點擊哪個按鈕呢?");
    normalDialog.setPositiveButton("按鈕1", 
        new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
        @Override
        public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {
            // ...To-do
        }
    });
    normalDialog.setNeutralButton("按鈕2", 
        new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
        @Override
        public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {
            // ...To-do
        }
    });
    normalDialog.setNegativeButton("按鈕3", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
        @Override
        public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {
            // ...To-do
        }
    });
    // 建立實例並顯示
    normalDialog.show();
}

2.2 列表Dialog(圖3)

private void showListDialog() {
    final String[] items = { "我是1","我是2","我是3","我是4" };
    AlertDialog.Builder listDialog = 
        new AlertDialog.Builder(MainActivity.this);
    listDialog.setTitle("我是一個列表Dialog");
    listDialog.setItems(items, new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
        @Override
        public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {
            // which 下標從0開始
            // ...To-do
            Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, 
                "你點擊了" + items[which], 
                Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
        }
    });
    listDialog.show();
}

2.3 單選Dialog(圖4)

int yourChoice;
private void showSingleChoiceDialog(){
    final String[] items = { "我是1","我是2","我是3","我是4" };
    yourChoice = -1;
    AlertDialog.Builder singleChoiceDialog = 
        new AlertDialog.Builder(MainActivity.this);
    singleChoiceDialog.setTitle("我是一個單選Dialog");
    // 第二個參數是默認選項,此處設置爲0
    singleChoiceDialog.setSingleChoiceItems(items, 0, 
        new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
        @Override
        public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {
            yourChoice = which;
        }
    });
    singleChoiceDialog.setPositiveButton("肯定", 
        new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
        @Override
        public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {
            if (yourChoice != -1) {
                Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, 
                "你選擇了" + items[yourChoice], 
                Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            }
        }
    });
    singleChoiceDialog.show();
}

2.4 多選Dialog(圖5)

ArrayList<Integer> yourChoices = new ArrayList<>();
private void showMultiChoiceDialog() {
    final String[] items = { "我是1","我是2","我是3","我是4" };
    // 設置默認選中的選項,全爲false默認均未選中
    final boolean initChoiceSets[]={false,false,false,false};
    yourChoices.clear();
    AlertDialog.Builder multiChoiceDialog = 
        new AlertDialog.Builder(MainActivity.this);
    multiChoiceDialog.setTitle("我是一個多選Dialog");
    multiChoiceDialog.setMultiChoiceItems(items, initChoiceSets,
        new DialogInterface.OnMultiChoiceClickListener() {
        @Override
        public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which,
            boolean isChecked) {
            if (isChecked) {
                yourChoices.add(which);
            } else {
                yourChoices.remove(which);
            }
        }
    });
    multiChoiceDialog.setPositiveButton("肯定", 
        new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
        @Override
        public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {
            int size = yourChoices.size();
            String str = "";
            for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
                str += items[yourChoices.get(i)] + " ";
            }
            Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, 
                "你選中了" + str, 
                Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
        }
    });
    multiChoiceDialog.show();
}

2.5 等待Dialog(圖6)

private void showWaitingDialog() {
    /* 等待Dialog具備屏蔽其餘控件的交互能力
     * @setCancelable 爲使屏幕不可點擊,設置爲不可取消(false)
     * 下載等事件完成後,主動調用函數關閉該Dialog
     */
    ProgressDialog waitingDialog= 
        new ProgressDialog(MainActivity.this);
    waitingDialog.setTitle("我是一個等待Dialog");
    waitingDialog.setMessage("等待中...");
    waitingDialog.setIndeterminate(true);
    waitingDialog.setCancelable(false);
    waitingDialog.show();
}

2.6 進度條Dialog(圖7)

private void showProgressDialog() {
    /* @setProgress 設置初始進度
     * @setProgressStyle 設置樣式(水平進度條)
     * @setMax 設置進度最大值
     */
    final int MAX_PROGRESS = 100;
    final ProgressDialog progressDialog = 
        new ProgressDialog(MainActivity.this);
    progressDialog.setProgress(0);
    progressDialog.setTitle("我是一個進度條Dialog");
    progressDialog.setProgressStyle(ProgressDialog.STYLE_HORIZONTAL);
    progressDialog.setMax(MAX_PROGRESS);
    progressDialog.show();
    /* 模擬進度增長的過程
     * 新開一個線程,每一個100ms,進度增長1
     */
    new Thread(new Runnable() {
        @Override
        public void run() {
            int progress= 0;
            while (progress < MAX_PROGRESS){
                try {
                    Thread.sleep(100);
                    progress++;
                    progressDialog.setProgress(progress);
                } catch (InterruptedException e){
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            // 進度達到最大值後,窗口消失
            progressDialog.cancel();
        }
    }).start();
}

2.7 編輯Dialog(圖8)

private void showInputDialog() {
    /*@setView 裝入一個EditView
     */
    final EditText editText = new EditText(MainActivity.this);
    AlertDialog.Builder inputDialog = 
        new AlertDialog.Builder(MainActivity.this);
    inputDialog.setTitle("我是一個輸入Dialog").setView(editText);
    inputDialog.setPositiveButton("肯定", 
        new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
        @Override
        public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {
            Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this,
            editText.getText().toString(), 
            Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
        }
    }).show();
}

2.8 自定義Dialog(圖9)

<!-- res/layout/dialog_customize.xml-->
<!-- 自定義View -->
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:orientation="vertical"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent">
    <EditText
        android:id="@+id/edit_text"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content" 
        />
</LinearLayout>
private void showCustomizeDialog() {
    /* @setView 裝入自定義View ==> R.layout.dialog_customize
     * 因爲dialog_customize.xml只放置了一個EditView,所以和圖8同樣
     * dialog_customize.xml可自定義更復雜的View
     */
    AlertDialog.Builder customizeDialog = 
        new AlertDialog.Builder(MainActivity.this);
    final View dialogView = LayoutInflater.from(MainActivity.this)
        .inflate(R.layout.dialog_customize,null);
    customizeDialog.setTitle("我是一個自定義Dialog");
    customizeDialog.setView(dialogView);
    customizeDialog.setPositiveButton("肯定",
        new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
        @Override
        public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {
            // 獲取EditView中的輸入內容
            EditText edit_text = 
                (EditText) dialogView.findViewById(R.id.edit_text);
            Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this,
                edit_text.getText().toString(),
                Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
        }
    });
    customizeDialog.show();
}

3.複寫回調函數

/* 複寫Builder的create和show函數,能夠在Dialog顯示前實現必要設置
 * 例如初始化列表、默認選項等
 * @create 第一次建立時調用
 * @show 每次顯示時調用
 */
private void showListDialog() {
    final String[] items = { "我是1","我是2","我是3","我是4" };
    AlertDialog.Builder listDialog = 
        new AlertDialog.Builder(MainActivity.this){
        
        @Override
        public AlertDialog create() {
            items[0] = "我是No.1";
            return super.create();
        }

        @Override
        public AlertDialog show() {
            items[1] = "我是No.2";
            return super.show();
        }
    };
    listDialog.setTitle("我是一個列表Dialog");
    listDialog.setItems(items, new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
        @Override
        public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {
            // ...To-do
        }
    });
    /* @setOnDismissListener Dialog銷燬時調用
     * @setOnCancelListener Dialog關閉時調用
     */
    listDialog.setOnDismissListener(new DialogInterface.OnDismissListener() {
        public void onDismiss(DialogInterface dialog) {
            Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(),
                "Dialog被銷燬了", 
                Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
        }
    });
    listDialog.show();
}
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