本文閱讀的源碼爲Google V8 Engine v3.29.45,此版本的promise實現爲js版本,在後續版本Google繼續對其實現進行了處理。引入了es6語法等,在7.X版本迭代後,逐漸迭代成了C版本實現。 貼上源碼地址:https://chromium.googlesource... 你們自覺傳送。javascript
代碼中全部相似%functionName的函數均是C語言實現的運行時函數。java
首先定義了將要在JS做用域使用了一些變量,提升了編譯器的效率。python
var IsPromise; var PromiseCreate; var PromiseResolve; var PromiseReject; var PromiseChain; var PromiseCatch; var PromiseThen; var PromiseHasRejectHandler;
隨後定義了一些全局私有變量供給和C語音交互,用於維護Promise的狀態和進行Debug。git
var promiseStatus = GLOBAL_PRIVATE("Promise#status"); var promiseValue = GLOBAL_PRIVATE("Promise#value"); var promiseOnResolve = GLOBAL_PRIVATE("Promise#onResolve"); var promiseOnReject = GLOBAL_PRIVATE("Promise#onReject"); var promiseRaw = GLOBAL_PRIVATE("Promise#raw"); var promiseDebug = GLOBAL_PRIVATE("Promise#debug"); var lastMicrotaskId = 0;
其中GLOBAL_PRIVATE是python進行實現的,運用python的宏定義(macro)來定義調用了C語言的CreateGlobalPrivateOwnSymbol方法。es6
macro GLOBAL_PRIVATE(name) = (%CreateGlobalPrivateOwnSymbol(name));
隨後運用了一個自執行的匿名函數進行閉包邏輯。github
(function() { // 主邏輯 })();
在閉包邏輯的最後,在promise原型上掛載了三個方法:chain,then,catch。在promise對象上掛載了all,race等六個方法。將Promise對象註冊到了global。數組
%AddNamedProperty(global, 'Promise', $Promise, DONT_ENUM); InstallFunctions($Promise, DONT_ENUM, [ "defer", PromiseDeferred, "accept", PromiseResolved, "reject", PromiseRejected, "all", PromiseAll, "race", PromiseOne, "resolve", PromiseCast ]); InstallFunctions($Promise.prototype, DONT_ENUM, [ "chain", PromiseChain, "then", PromiseThen, "catch", PromiseCatch ]);
var $Promise = function Promise(resolver) { // 若是傳入參數爲全局promiseRaw變量的時候return if (resolver === promiseRaw) return; // 若是當前函數不是構造函數的化,拋出錯誤這不是一個promise if (!%_IsConstructCall()) throw MakeTypeError('not_a_promise', [this]); // 若是傳入參數不是一個函數的話,拋出錯誤,傳入參數不是一個function if (!IS_SPEC_FUNCTION(resolver)) throw MakeTypeError('resolver_not_a_function', [resolver]); var promise = PromiseInit(this); try { // debug相關忽略 %DebugPushPromise(promise); resolver(function(x) { PromiseResolve(promise, x) }, function(r) { PromiseReject(promise, r) }); } catch (e) { // 報錯以後走到錯誤處理函數 PromiseReject(promise, e); } finally { // debug相關忽略 %DebugPopPromise(); } }
構造函數在作完額外的異常和參數判斷後,進入主邏輯調用PromiseInit方法初始化promise,隨後調用了resolver方法,傳入了兩個默認的處理函數。在promise在內部被調用時(PromiseDeferred方法被調用時)會實例化$promise,將默認方法return回去,使得建立的promise示例具備resolve和reject方法。promise
function PromiseDeferred() { if (this === $Promise) { // Optimized case, avoid extra closure. var promise = PromiseInit(new $Promise(promiseRaw)); return { promise: promise, resolve: function(x) { PromiseResolve(promise, x) }, reject: function(r) { PromiseReject(promise, r) } }; } else { var result = {}; result.promise = new this(function(resolve, reject) { result.resolve = resolve; result.reject = reject; }) return result; } }
function PromiseSet(promise, status, value, onResolve, onReject) { // macro SET_PRIVATE(obj, sym, val) = (obj[sym] = val); // 設置promise的狀態,SET_PRIVATE只有在給已經存在的對象設置已有屬性值的時候纔會被調用 SET_PRIVATE(promise, promiseStatus, status); SET_PRIVATE(promise, promiseValue, value); SET_PRIVATE(promise, promiseOnResolve, onResolve); SET_PRIVATE(promise, promiseOnReject, onReject); // debug代碼忽略 if (DEBUG_IS_ACTIVE) { %DebugPromiseEvent({ promise: promise, status: status, value: value }); } return promise; } function PromiseInit(promise) { return PromiseSet( promise, 0, UNDEFINED, new InternalArray, new InternalArray) }
實質上是調用了PromiseSet方法給promise設置了當前的狀態。閉包
promiseResolve方法的調用暴露給外部的promise.accept(高版本爲resolve)方法,若是當前的this指向promise的構造函數,則設置當前的promise狀態,不然調用resolve函數執行。函數
function PromiseResolved(x) { if (this === $Promise) { // Optimized case, avoid extra closure. return PromiseSet(new $Promise(promiseRaw), +1, x); } else { return new this(function(resolve, reject) { resolve(x) }); } }
promiseResolve處理邏輯同promiseReject,再也不贅述。
PromiseThen方法的調用暴露給實例化後的promise.then方法調用。
PromiseThen = function PromiseThen(onResolve, onReject) { onResolve = IS_SPEC_FUNCTION(onResolve) ? onResolve : PromiseIdResolveHandler; onReject = IS_SPEC_FUNCTION(onReject) ? onReject : PromiseIdRejectHandler; var that = this; var constructor = this.constructor; return %_CallFunction( this, function(x) { x = PromiseCoerce(constructor, x); return x === that ? onReject(MakeTypeError('promise_cyclic', [x])) : IsPromise(x) ? x.then(onResolve, onReject) : onResolve(x); }, onReject, PromiseChain ); }
首先判斷傳入的兩個參數是不是函數,不是的話添加默認的處理函數,作良好的容錯處理。然後調用了 %_CallFunction方法(第一個參數是this,最後一個參數是要調用的方法,中間是傳入參數),相似Function.prototype.call()方法,調用了PromiseChain方法,傳入了兩個參數resolve和reject。在resolve方法內部調用了PromiseCoerce方法,生成對象若是是個thenable對象調用對象的then方法不然直接onResolve方法。
function PromiseCoerce(constructor, x) { if (!IsPromise(x) && IS_SPEC_OBJECT(x)) { var then; try { then = x.then; } catch(r) { return %_CallFunction(constructor, r, PromiseRejected); } // macro IS_SPEC_FUNCTION(arg) = (%_ClassOf(arg) === 'Function'); // 若是是一個function if (IS_SPEC_FUNCTION(then)) { var deferred = %_CallFunction(constructor, PromiseDeferred); try { %_CallFunction(x, deferred.resolve, deferred.reject, then); } catch(r) { deferred.reject(r); } return deferred.promise; } } return x; }
核心的邏輯是若是傳入對象的then屬性是一個function,則調用then方法。如有報錯走到reject方法。
PromiseChain = function PromiseChain(onResolve, onReject) { // 補默認的處理函數 onResolve = IS_UNDEFINED(onResolve) ? PromiseIdResolveHandler : onResolve; onReject = IS_UNDEFINED(onReject) ? PromiseIdRejectHandler : onReject; var deferred = %_CallFunction(this.constructor, PromiseDeferred); switch (GET_PRIVATE(this, promiseStatus)) { case UNDEFINED: throw MakeTypeError('not_a_promise', [this]); case 0: // Pending GET_PRIVATE(this, promiseOnResolve).push(onResolve, deferred); GET_PRIVATE(this, promiseOnReject).push(onReject, deferred); break; case +1: // Resolved PromiseEnqueue(GET_PRIVATE(this, promiseValue), [onResolve, deferred], +1); break; case -1: // Rejected PromiseEnqueue(GET_PRIVATE(this, promiseValue), [onReject, deferred], -1); break; } // debug代碼忽略 if (DEBUG_IS_ACTIVE) { %DebugPromiseEvent({ promise: deferred.promise, parentPromise: this }); } return deferred.promise; }
PromiseChain方法是promise實現的核心,判斷當前定義的promise狀態,若是是pending狀態在promiseOnResolve數組中push當前的onResolve方法。若是是Resolved狀態或者Rejected狀態,則調用PromiseEnqueue函數進行微任務的添加。
function PromiseEnqueue(value, tasks, status) { var id, name, instrumenting = DEBUG_IS_ACTIVE; %EnqueueMicrotask(function() { if (instrumenting) { %DebugAsyncTaskEvent({ type: "willHandle", id: id, name: name }); } for (var i = 0; i < tasks.length; i += 2) { PromiseHandle(value, tasks[i], tasks[i + 1]) } if (instrumenting) { %DebugAsyncTaskEvent({ type: "didHandle", id: id, name: name }); } }); if (instrumenting) { id = ++lastMicrotaskId; name = status > 0 ? "Promise.resolve" : "Promise.reject"; %DebugAsyncTaskEvent({ type: "enqueue", id: id, name: name }); } }
此步驟實際上是將PromiseHandle函數加入JS運行時的微任務隊列中。微任務的隊列列表是C語言進行維護的,應用%EnqueueMicrotask方法進行添加。
function PromiseHandle(value, handler, deferred) { try { %DebugPushPromise(deferred.promise); var result = handler(value); if (result === deferred.promise) throw MakeTypeError('promise_cyclic', [result]); else if (IsPromise(result)) %_CallFunction(result, deferred.resolve, deferred.reject, PromiseChain); else deferred.resolve(result); } catch (exception) { try { deferred.reject(exception); } catch (e) { } } finally { %DebugPopPromise(); } }
此函數處理了傳入的方法,是指是調用了resolve方法,若是返回的結果依舊是一個promise則繼續調用PromiseChain方法,不然調用新生成的promise實例的resolve方法,進而實現循壞調用。
promise的all方法實現了發送多個promise請求,返回一個新的promise,全部promise打到resolve狀態時觸發resolve狀態,如有一個promise被reject,則返回此promise的reject緣由。
function PromiseAll(values) { var deferred = %_CallFunction(this, PromiseDeferred); var resolutions = []; if (!%_IsArray(values)) { deferred.reject(MakeTypeError('invalid_argument')); return deferred.promise; } try { var count = values.length; if (count === 0) { deferred.resolve(resolutions); } else { for (var i = 0; i < values.length; ++i) { this.resolve(values[i]).then( (function() { // Nested scope to get closure over current i (and avoid .bind). // TODO(rossberg): Use for-let instead once available. var i_captured = i; return function(x) { resolutions[i_captured] = x; if (--count === 0) deferred.resolve(resolutions); }; })(), function(r) { deferred.reject(r) } ); } } } catch (e) { deferred.reject(e) } return deferred.promise; }
首先判斷傳參的合理性,生成一個新的promise對象,利用遍歷的方式給每一個傳入的promise的resolve方法後都追加了then方法,使得每一個傳入的promise執行then方法後湊執行判斷邏輯,當計數count的flag爲0的時候,全部promise resolve完成,調用新promise對象的resolve方法,傳入新promise的reject方法做爲then方法reject參數。使得全部promise的reject函數被調用時都會走到新promise對象的reject,最後返回新生成的promise。
Promise的狀態和核心變量均託管到公共的做用域去維護,經過數組的push方法去添加Promise自定的resolve和reject方法。並將resolve和reject方法的執行加入微服務隊列中,等到resolve方法被調用時執行resolve(value)方法進行調用。爲了實現promise的循環嵌套調用,在每次處理value以前將處理邏輯之上包裹了一層新的promise邏輯,相似(new promise()).then(resolve(value)),思路以下。
var ref = function (value) { if (value && value.then) return value; return { then: function (callback) { // 實例化一個新的promise var result = defer(); // 進入宏任務隊列 enqueue(function () { result.resolve(callback(value)); }); return result.promise; } }; };
promise設計思想:https://github.com/kriskowal/...
JavaScript執行機制:https://www.jianshu.com/p/17c...