在CentOS7上部署MySQL-MMM高可用羣集
MMM簡介
MMM(MySQL主主複製管理器）是一套支持雙主故障切換和雙主平常管理的腳本程序。主要用來監控和管理MySQL Master-Master（雙主）複製，雖然叫雙主複製，可是業務上同一時刻只容許對一個主進行寫入，另外一臺備選主上提供部分讀服務，以加速在主切換時備選主的預熱，能夠說MMM這套腳本程序一方面實現了故障切換的功能，另外一方面其內部附加的工具腳本也能夠實現多個Slave的read負載均衡。mysql
MMM時一套靈活的腳本程序，基於perl實現，用來對mysql replication進行監控和故障遷移，並能管理MySQL Master-Master複製的配置，如圖所示：
關於MMM高可用架構的說明以下：sql
- mmm_mon:監控進程，負責全部的監控工做，決定和處理全部節點角色活動。此腳本須要在監管機上運行。
- mmm_agent:運行在每一個MySQL服務器上的代理進程，完成監控的探針工做和執行簡單的遠端服務設置。此腳本須要在被監管機上運行。
- mmm_control：一個簡單的腳本，提供管理mmm_mond進程的命令。
- mysql-mmm的監管端會提供多個虛擬虛擬IP（VIP），包括一個可寫VIP，多個可讀VIP，經過監管的管理，這些IP會綁定在可用MySQL之上，當某一臺宕機時，監管會將VIP遷移至其餘MySQL.
實驗環境：（mariadb數據庫是mysql的一個分支，它們的命令、操做都同樣）數據庫
本實驗環境使用五臺服務器模擬搭建，實驗環境如表所示。vim
1.搭建mariadb多主多從模式
（1）安裝mariadb服務器
1）全部服務器都配置ALI雲源，而後安裝epel-release源。架構
[root@localhost ~]# wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo [root@localhost ~]# yum -y install epel-release [root@localhost ~]# yum clean all && yum makecache
2）搭建本地YUM源。負載均衡
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install mariadb-server mariadb [root@localhost ~]# systemctl stop firewalld.service //關閉防火牆// [root@localhost ~]# setenforce 0
3）修改mariadb-m1主配置文件。tcp
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf [mysqld] //添加// log_error=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.err log=/var/lib/mysql/mysql_log.log log_slow_queries=/var/lib/mysql_slow_queris.log binlog-ignore-db=mysql,information_schema //不須要同步的數據庫名稱// character_set_server=utf8 log_bin=mysql_bin //開啓binlog日誌用於主從數據複製// server_id=1 //每臺server-id的值不要相同// log_slave_updates=true //此數據庫宕機，備用數據庫接管// sync_binlog=1 auto_increment_increment=2 //字段一次遞增多少// auto_increment_offset=1 //自增字段的起始值// [root@localhost ~]# systemctl start mariadb.service //開啓mariadb// [root@localhost ~]# netstat -anpt | grep 3306 tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:3306 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 3434/mysqld
4)沒有問題後，把配置文件複製到其它3臺數據庫服務器上。ide
[root@localhost ~]# scp /etc/my.cnf root@192.168.126.139:/etc/ //m2// [root@localhost ~]# scp /etc/my.cnf root@192.168.126.136:/etc/ //m3// [root@localhost ~]# scp /etc/my.cnf root@192.168.126.137:/etc/ //m4//
注意：每臺mariadb主機的server-id不能相同，其餘配置文件參數相同便可。工具
（2）配置mariadb-m一、mariadb-m2主主模式
1）先查看log bin和pos值的位置。
m1： [root@localhost ~]# mysql MariaDB [(none)]> show master status; +------------------+----------+--------------+--------------------------+ | File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | +------------------+----------+--------------+--------------------------+ | mysql_bin.000001 | 245 | | mysql,information_schema | +------------------+----------+--------------+--------------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) m2： [root@localhost ~]# mysql MariaDB [(none)]> show master status; +------------------+----------+--------------+--------------------------+ | File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | +------------------+----------+--------------+--------------------------+ | mysql_bin.000003 | 245 | | mysql,information_schema | +------------------+----------+--------------+--------------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
2）mariadb-m一、mariadb-m2互相提高訪問權限。
m1: MariaDB [(none)]> grant replication slave on *.* to 'replication'@'192.168.126.%' identified by '123456'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec) MariaDB [(none)]> change master to master_host='192.168.126.139',master_user='replication',master_password='123456',master_log_file='mysql_bin.000003',master_log_pos=411; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.18 sec) m2: MariaDB [(none)]> grant replication slave on *.* to 'replication'@'192.168.126.%' identified by '123456'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec) MariaDB [(none)]> change master to master_host='192.168.126.138',master_user='replication',master_password='123456',master_log_file='mysql_bin.000001',master_log_pos=411; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec)
3）分別查看mariadb-m一、mariadb-m2服務器的主從狀態。
MariaDB [(none)]> start slave;
MariaDB [(none)]> show slave status\G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
Master_Host: 192.168.126.139
Master_User: replication
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: mysql_bin.000003
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 411
Relay_Log_File: mariadb-relay-bin.000002
Relay_Log_Pos: 529
Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql_bin.000003
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
主主同步配置完畢，查看同步狀態Slave_IO和Slave_SQL爲YES，說明主主同步成功。
4）測試主主同步，在mariadb-m2新建一個庫dba。
m2: MariaDB [(none)]> create database dba; //建立數據庫// Query OK, 1 row affected (0.09 sec) m1: MariaDB [(none)]> show databases; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | dba | //同步成功// | mysql | | performance_schema | | test | +--------------------+ 5 rows in set (0.02 sec)
（3）配置mariadb-m3和mariadb-m4做爲mariadb-m1的從庫
1)先查看mariadb-m1 master的狀態值。
MariaDB [(none)]> show master status; +------------------+----------+--------------+--------------------------+ | File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | +------------------+----------+--------------+--------------------------+ | mysql_bin.000001 | 581 | | mysql,information_schema | +------------------+----------+--------------+--------------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
2）mariadb-m三、mariadb-m4分別執行。
MariaDB [(none)]> change master to master_host='192.168.126.138',master_user='replication',master_password='123456',master_log_file='mysql_bin.000001',master_log_pos=581; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
3）分別查看mariadb-m3和mariadb-m4服務器的主從狀態，結果以下：
MariaDB [(none)]> start slave;
MariaDB [(none)]> show slave status\G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
Master_Host: 192.168.126.138
Master_User: replication
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: mysql_bin.000001
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 581
Relay_Log_File: mariadb-relay-bin.000002
Relay_Log_Pos: 529
Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql_bin.000001
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
4）在mariadb-m1創建數據庫，測試主從、主主、同步狀況。
MariaDB [(none)]> create database dba01; //在m1建立數據庫// Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec) MariaDB [(none)]> show databases; //mariadb-m3查看結果// +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | dba01 | | mysql | | performance_schema | | test | +--------------------+ 5 rows in set (0.03 sec) MariaDB [(none)]> show databases; //mariadb-m4查看結果// +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | dba01 | | mysql | | performance_schema | | test | +--------------------+ 5 rows in set (0.04 sec)
2.安裝配置MySQL-MMM
（1）在全部服務器上安裝MMM，注意，epel源要配置好。
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install mysql-mmm*
（2）修改/etc/mysql-mmm/mmm_common.conf 配置文件，系統中全部主機的該配置文件內容同樣，包括監控主機mysql-monitor。
[root@localhost ~]# cd /etc/mysql-mmm/
[root@localhost mysql-mmm]# vim mmm_common.conf
active_master_role writer
<host default>
cluster_interface ens33 //網卡名稱//
pid_path /run/mysql-mmm-agent.pid
bin_path /usr/libexec/mysql-mmm/
replication_user replication
replication_password 123456 //登陸密碼
agent_user mmm_agent
agent_password 123456
</host>
<host db1> //主服務器m1//
ip 192.168.126.138
mode master
peer db2
</host>
<host db2> //主服務器m2//
ip 192.168.126.139
mode master
peer db1
</host>
<host db3> //主服務器m3//
ip 192.168.126.136
mode slave
</host>
<host db4> //主服務器m4//
ip 192.168.126.137
mode slave
</host>
<role writer>
hosts db1, db2 //m1 m2//
ips 192.168.126.188 //虛擬IP VIP//
mode exclusive
</role>
<role reader>
hosts db3, db4 //m3 m4//
ips 192.168.126.190, 192.168.126.199 //虛擬IP VIP//
mode balanced
</role>
（3）在監控主機上編輯/etc/mysql-mmm/mmm_mon.conf文件。
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/mysql-mmm/mmm_mon.conf
include mmm_common.conf
<monitor>
ip 127.0.0.1
pid_path /run/mysql-mmm-monitor.pid
include mmm_common.conf
<monitor>
ip 127.0.0.1
pid_path /run/mysql-mmm-monitor.pid
bin_path /usr/libexec/mysql-mmm
status_path /var/lib/mysql-mmm/mmm_mond.status
ping_ips 192.168.126.138,192.168.126.139,192.168.126.136,192.168.126.137/監控服務器的IP/
auto_set_online 10 //自動上線時間10秒//
# The kill_host_bin does not exist by default, though the monitor will
# throw a warning about it missing. See the section 5.10 "Kill Host
# Functionality" in the PDF documentation.
#
# kill_host_bin /usr/libexec/mysql-mmm/monitor/kill_host
#
</monitor>
<host default>
monitor_user mmm_monitor //用戶名//
monitor_password 123456 //密碼//
（4）在全部數據庫上爲mmm_agent和mmm_moniter受權。
MariaDB [(none)]> grant super, replication client, process on *.* to 'mmm_agent'@'192.168.126.%' identified by '123456'; MariaDB [(none)]> grant replication client on *.* to 'mmm_monitor'@'192.168.126.%' identified by '123456';
（5）修改全部數據庫的mmm_agent.conf。
[root@localhost mysql-mmm]# vim /etc/mysql-mmm/mmm_agent.conf include mmm_common.conf # The 'this' variable refers to this server. Proper operation requires # that 'this' server (db1 by default), as well as all other servers, have the # proper IP addresses set in mmm_common.conf. this db1 //根據規劃進行逐一調整//
（6）在全部數據庫服務器上啓動mysql-mmm-agent。
[root@localhost mysql-mmm]# systemctl start mysql-mmm-agent.service [root@localhost mysql-mmm]# systemctl enable mysql-mmm-agent.service //開機自啓動//
（7）啓動mysql-mmm-monitor監控主機。
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start mysql-mmm-monitor.service
（8）在監控服務器上查看各節點的狀況。
[root@localhost ~]# mmm_control show db1(192.168.126.138) master/ONLINE. Roles: writer(192.168.126.188) //虛擬IP// db2(192.168.126.139) master/ONLINE. Roles: db3(192.168.126.136) slave/ONLINE. Roles: reader(192.168.126.190) db4(192.168.126.137) slave/ONLINE. Roles: reader(192.168.126.199
（9）故障轉移切換
1）中止m1 確認 虛擬地址 188 是否移動到 m2 上。注意：主不會搶佔
[root@localhost mysql-mmm]# systemctl stop mariadb.service //中止 m1主服務器// [root@localhost ~]# mmm_control show db1(192.168.126.138) master/HARD_OFFLINE. Roles: //離線狀態// db2(192.168.126.139) master/ONLINE. Roles: writer(192.168.126.188) db3(192.168.126.136) slave/ONLINE. Roles: reader(192.168.126.190) db4(192.168.126.137) slave/ONLINE. Roles: reader(192.168.126.199)
[root@localhost mysql-mmm]# systemctl stop mariadb.service //中止 m3從服務器//
[root@localhost ~]# mmm_control show db1(192.168.126.138) master/HARD_OFFLINE. Roles: db2(192.168.126.139) master/ONLINE. Roles: writer(192.168.126.188) db3(192.168.126.136) slave/HARD_OFFLINE. Roles: db4(192.168.126.137) slave/ONLINE. Roles: reader(192.168.126.190), reader(192.168.126.199)
3）在m1服務器上爲監控機地址受權登陸。
MariaDB [(none)]> grant all on *.* to 'testdba'@'192.168.126.140' identified by '123456'; MariaDB [(none)]> flush privileges; //刷新//
4）在監控服務器上登陸。
[root@localhost ~]# yum install mariadb-server mariadb -y [root@localhost ~]# mysql -utestdba -p -h 192.168.126.188 //虛擬IP// Enter password: //密碼123456// .....//省略// MariaDB [(none)]>
5）在監控服務器上建立數據，測試同步狀況。
MariaDB [(none)]> create database abc01; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec) MariaDB [(none)]> show databases; //主服務器M1// +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | abc01 | | dba01 | | mysql | | performance_schema | | test | +--------------------+ 6 rows in set (0.03 sec) MariaDB [(none)]> show databases; //從服務器M3// +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | abc01 | | dba01 | | mysql | | performance_schema | | test | +--------------------+ 6 rows in set (0.05 sec)
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