yum更換源、擴展 與源碼包安裝

yum更換國內源

• 介紹

通常yum下載包的地址都是外國的地址，爲了防止網址沒法訪問的事情發生，因此就給他換一個國內的地址

• 概述：正常操做

[root@centos001 yum.repos.d]# yum list //上次作實驗時在本地搭建了域名倉庫     
[root@centos001 yum.repos.d]# ls
dvd.repo
[root@centos001 yum.repos.d]# rm -f dvd.repo                  //刪除倉庫
 [root@centos001 yum.repos.d]# cp ../yum.repos.d.bak/* . //從新複製一遍
cp: 略過目錄"../yum.repos.d.bak/yum.repos.d"
[root@centos001 yum.repos.d]# ls
CentOS-Base.repo  CentOS-Debuginfo.repo  CentOS-Media.repo    CentOS-Vault.repo
CentOS-CR.repo    CentOS-fasttrack.repo  CentOS-Sources.repo
[root@centos001 yum.repos.d]# rm -f CentOS-Base.repo //刪除這個文件
[root@centos001 yum.repos.d]# wget http://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS7-Base-163.repo
bash: wget: 未找到命令                     //設置國內地址 可是剛纔給刪掉 一個東西 就值能用下面這個
[root@centos001 yum.repos.d]# curl -O http://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS7-Base-163.repo //設置國內地址
  % Total    % Received % Xferd  Average Speed   Time    Time     Time  Current
                                 Dload  Upload   Total   Spent    Left  Speed
100  1572  100  1572    0     0   6811      0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:--  6834
[root@centos001 yum.repos.d]# ls   //這裏能看到 已經有個咱們設置的網易的地址了
CentOS7-Base-163.repo  CentOS-fasttrack.repo  CentOS-Vault.repo
CentOS-CR.repo         CentOS-Media.repo
CentOS-Debuginfo.repo  CentOS-Sources.repo
[root@centos001 yum.repos.d]# vi CentOS7-Base-163.repo
[root@centos001 yum.repos.d]# yum lixt //看一看 能用的源文件

• 報錯：清除緩存

[root@centos001 yum.repos.d]# ls
CentOS7-Base-163.repo  CentOS-fasttrack.repo  CentOS-Vault.repo
CentOS-CR.repo         CentOS-Media.repo
CentOS-Debuginfo.repo  CentOS-Sources.repo  //在更名後清除緩存報錯
[root@centos001 yum.repos.d]# mv CentOS7-Base-163.repo CentOS7-Base-163.repo.123
[root@centos001 yum.repos.d]# yum clean all
已加載插件：fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
There are no enabled repos.
 Run "yum repolist all" to see the repos you have.
 To enable Red Hat Subscription Management repositories:
     subscription-manager repos --enable <repo>
 To enable custom repositories:
     yum-config-manager --enable <repo>
[root@centos001 yum.repos.d]# yum repolist all  //根據提示的輸入命令
已加載插件：fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
源標識                                 源名稱                                   狀態
C7.0.1406-base/x86_64                  CentOS-7.0.1406 - Base                   禁用
[root@centos001 yum.repos.d]# ls
CentOS7-Base-163.repo.123  CentOS-fasttrack.repo  CentOS-Vault.repo //把名字換回去 再從新清除緩存就能使用國內的源了
CentOS-CR.repo             CentOS-Media.repo
CentOS-Debuginfo.repo      CentOS-Sources.repo
[root@centos001 yum.repos.d]# mv CentOS7-Base-163.repo.123 CentOS7-Base-163.repo
[root@centos001 yum.repos.d]# yum clean all

安裝擴展源

• 介紹

當安裝的源不夠時，就須要擴展了

• 方法

[root@centos001 yum.repos.d]# yum install -y epel-release

yum下載RPM包

• 介紹：

主要用來下載互聯網上的包，至關於下個軟件包
注：下載的包是需是未安裝的包

• 方法1：普通下載

[root@centos001 yum.repos.d]# yum install zsh --downloadonly  //最後表示只下載不安裝

• 方法2：下載包到指定目錄

[root@centos001 ~]# yum install zsh --downloadonly --downloaddir=/tmp/
[root@centos001 ~]# ls /tmp/
zsh-5.0.2-28.el7.x86_64.rpm

• 注：下載的是一個已安裝的包的時候，除了卸載再安裝還能夠用如下命令

[root@centos001 ~]# yum reinstall vim-enhanced --downloadonly --downloaddir=/tmp/ //下載時從新安裝

源碼包安裝

• 介紹

安裝源碼包是最經常使用的。安裝時須要吧源代碼編譯成可執行的二進制文件。能夠修改源代碼的自定義設定，再按需求編譯。

• 約定：安裝源碼包的路徑

[root@centos001 ~]# cd
[root@centos001 ~]# cd /usr/local/src/  //路徑名

• 要點

echo $?:用於檢查上一步操做是否出錯，非零就是有錯誤 1.下載：

[root@centos001 src]# wget http://mirrors.cnnic.cn/apache/httpd/httpd-2.2.34.tar.gz
[root@centos001 src]# tar -zxvf httpd-2.2.34.tar.gz // 加文件名
[root@centos001 src]# ls
httpd-2.2.34         mysql-5.1.73-linux-x86_64-glibc23.tar.gz
httpd-2.2.34.tar.gz  mysql-5.1.73-linux-x86_64-glibc23.tar.gz.1
[root@centos001 src]# cd httpd-2.2.34 
[root@centos001 httpd-2.2.34]# ls
ABOUT_APACHE  config.layout  httpd.spec      LICENSE        README.platforms
acinclude.m4  configure      include         Makefile.in    README-win32.txt
Apache.dsw    configure.in   INSTALL         Makefile.win   ROADMAP
build         docs           InstallBin.dsp  modules        server
BuildAll.dsp  emacs-style    LAYOUT          NOTICE         srclib
BuildBin.dsp  httpd.dep      libhttpd.dep    NWGNUmakefile  support
buildconf     httpd.dsp      libhttpd.dsp    os             test
CHANGES       httpd.mak      libhttpd.mak    README         VERSIONING

2.安裝：

[root@centos001 httpd-2.2.34]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache2   //下載好後用命令安裝
checking for chosen layout... Apache
checking for working mkdir -p... yes
checking build system type... x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu  //而後就報錯了
checking host system type... x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
checking target system type... x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu

Configuring Apache Portable Runtime library ...

checking for APR... reconfig
configuring package in srclib/apr now
checking build system type... x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
checking host system type... x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
checking target system type... x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
Configuring APR library
Platform: x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
checking for working mkdir -p... yes
APR Version: 1.5.2
checking for chosen layout... apr
checking for gcc... no  //這裏能看到是由於所依賴的文件沒有，因此咱們要去下載安裝
checking for cc... no
checking for cl.exe... no
configure: error: in `/usr/local/src/httpd-2.2.34/srclib/apr':
configure: error: no acceptable C compiler found in $PATH
See `config.log' for more details
configure failed for srclib/apr
[root@centos001 httpd-2.2.34]# echo $?   //檢查
1
[root@centos001 httpd-2.2.34]# yum install gcc  //安裝
[root@centos001 httpd-2.2.34]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache2 //從新安裝 源碼包
[root@centos001 httpd-2.2.34]# make
[root@centos001 httpd-2.2.34]# make install

擴展

1. 配置yum源優先級

http://ask.apelearn.com/question/7168

2. 把源碼包打包成rpm包
   http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2012-09/70096.htm