慕課網_《解密JAVA實現Excel導入導出》學習總結
時間：2017年07月06日星期四
說明：本文部份內容均來自慕課網。@慕課網：http://www.imooc.com
教學源碼：無
學習源碼：https://github.com/zccodere/s...前端
第一章：課程介紹
1-1 預備知識
基礎知識java
struts2框架（上傳下載功能） xml解析技術（導入模板） JQuery EasyUI（前臺美觀）
課程目錄mysql
實現方式 定製導入模版 導入文件 導出文件 總結
1-2 Excel解析的幾種實現方式
讀寫Excel三種經常使用技術git
POI JXL FASTEXCEL
什麼是POIgithub
Apache POI是Apache軟件基金會的開放源碼函式庫，POI提供API給Java程序對Microsoft Office格式檔案讀和寫的功能
什麼是HSSFweb
HSSF是Horrible SpreadSheet Format的縮寫，也即「討厭的電子表格格式」。經過HSSF，你能夠用純Java代碼來讀取、寫入、修改Excel文件
POI經常使用APIspring
HSSF-讀寫Microsoft Excel格式檔案的功能 XSSF-讀寫Microsoft Excel OOMXML格式檔案的功 HWPF-讀寫Microsoft Word格式檔案的功能 HSLF-讀寫Microsoft PowerPoint格式檔案的功能 HDGF-讀寫Microsoft VIsio格式檔案的功能
iTextsql
經過iText不只能夠生成PDF或rtf的文檔，並且能夠將XML、Html文件轉化爲PDF文件。下載iText.jar文件後，只須要在系統的classpath中加入iText.jar的路徑，在程序中就可使用iText類庫了
JXL數據庫
Java Excel是一個開源項目，能夠讀取Excel文件的內容、建立新的Excel文件、更新已經存在的Excel文件。包括常見格式的設置：字體、顏色、背景、合併單元格等。
POI與JXL對比：POIapache
效率高 操做相對複雜 支持公式，宏，圖形圖表，一些企業應用上會很是實用 可以修飾單元格屬性 支持字體、數字、日期操做
POI與JXL對比：JXL
效率低 操做簡單 部分支持 可以修飾單元格屬性，格式支持不如POI強大 支持字體、數字、日期操做
FastExcel
FastExcel是一個採用純Java開發的excel文件讀寫組件，支持Excel97-2003文件格式。FastExcel只能讀取單元格的字符信息，而其它屬性如顏色、字體等就不支持了，所以FastExcel只須要很小的內存。
1-3 學習目標及概念介紹
實例練習
分別經過POI和JXL兩種方式實現對Excel文件讀寫操做，經過代碼體會兩種方式異同
相關概念
工做簿：至關於Excel文件 工做表：至關於Sheet頁 行記錄：Row 單元格Cell：一個單元格
第二章：實現原理
2-1 JXL建立Excel
建立一個名爲myexcelone的maven項目，並添加JXL依賴，POM文件以下：
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.myimooc</groupId>
<artifactId>myexcelone</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<packaging>jar</packaging>
<name>myexcelone</name>
<url>http://maven.apache.org</url>
<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<!-- 支持 Excel操做 JXL -->
<dependency>
<groupId>net.sourceforge.jexcelapi</groupId>
<artifactId>jxl</artifactId>
<version>2.6.12</version>
</dependency>
<!-- 支持Excel 操做 POI -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.poi</groupId>
<artifactId>poi</artifactId>
<version>3.16</version>
</dependency>
<!-- 支持簡化文件操做 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>commons-io</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-io</artifactId>
<version>2.5</version>
</dependency>
<!-- 支持高版本Excel操做 POI 的XSSF start -->
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.apache.poi/poi-scratchpad -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.poi</groupId>
<artifactId>poi-scratchpad</artifactId>
<version>3.16</version>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.apache.poi/poi-ooxml -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.poi</groupId>
<artifactId>poi-ooxml</artifactId>
<version>3.16</version>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.apache.poi/poi-ooxml-schemas -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.poi</groupId>
<artifactId>poi-ooxml-schemas</artifactId>
<version>3.16</version>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.apache.poi/poi-examples -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.poi</groupId>
<artifactId>poi-examples</artifactId>
<version>3.16</version>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.apache.poi/poi-excelant -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.poi</groupId>
<artifactId>poi-excelant</artifactId>
<version>3.16</version>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.apache.xmlbeans/xmlbeans -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.xmlbeans</groupId>
<artifactId>xmlbeans</artifactId>
<version>2.6.0</version>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/dom4j/dom4j -->
<dependency>
<groupId>dom4j</groupId>
<artifactId>dom4j</artifactId>
<version>1.6.1</version>
</dependency>
<!-- 支持高版本Excel操做 POI 的XSSF end -->
<!-- 導入模塊定製，支持xml解析 start -->
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.jdom/jdom -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.jdom</groupId>
<artifactId>jdom</artifactId>
<version>2.0.2</version>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.apache.commons/commons-lang3 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-lang3</artifactId>
<version>3.6</version>
</dependency>
<!-- 導入模塊定製，支持xml解析 end -->
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>3.8.1</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
<configuration>
<source>1.8</source>
<target>1.8</target>
</configuration>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
代碼演示：
package com.myimooc.one;
import java.io.File;
import jxl.Workbook;
import jxl.write.Label;
import jxl.write.WritableSheet;
import jxl.write.WritableWorkbook;
/**
* 經過 JXL 建立 Excel 文件
* @author ZhangCheng on 2017-07-06
*
*/
public class JxlCreateExcel {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
create();
System.out.println("建立成功");
} catch (Exception e) {
System.out.println("建立失敗，異常爲：" + e);
}
}
/**
* 功能：建立 Excel 文件
* @throws Exception
*/
public static void create()throws Exception{
// 定義 數組存表頭
String[] title = {"id","name","sex"};
// 定義Excel文件路徑
File file = new File("d://jxl_test.xls");
// 建立文件
file.createNewFile();
// 建立工做簿
WritableWorkbook workBook = Workbook.createWorkbook(file);
// 建立sheet頁
WritableSheet sheet = workBook.createSheet("sheet1", 0);
Label label = null;
// 第一行設置表頭列名
for (int i = 0; i < title.length; i++) {
// 幾列、幾行、名稱
label = new Label(i, 0, title[i]);
// 往sheet頁中添加單元格
sheet.addCell(label);
}
// 追加數據
for (int i = 1; i < 10; i++) {
label = new Label(0,i,"a"+i);
sheet.addCell(label);
label = new Label(1,i,"user"+i);
sheet.addCell(label);
label = new Label(2,i,"男");
sheet.addCell(label);
}
// 寫入數據
workBook.write();
// 釋放資源
workBook.close();
}
}
2-2 JXL解析Excel
代碼演示：
package com.myimooc.one;
import java.io.File;
import jxl.Cell;
import jxl.Sheet;
import jxl.Workbook;
/**
* 經過 JXL 解析 Excel 文件
* @author ZhangCheng on 2017-07-06
*
*/
public class JxlReadExcel {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
read();
System.out.println("解析成功");
} catch (Exception e) {
System.out.println("解析失敗，異常爲：" + e);
}
}
/**
* 功能：解析 Excel 文件
* @throws Exception
*/
public static void read()throws Exception{
// 指定要解析excel文件的路徑
File file = new File("d:/jxl_test.xls");
// 建立 WorkBook，並指定路徑
Workbook workBook = Workbook.getWorkbook(file);
// 獲取工做表sheet
Sheet sheet = workBook.getSheet(0);
// 獲取數據-循環行
for (int i = 0; i < sheet.getRows(); i++) {
// 循環列
for (int j = 0; j < sheet.getColumns(); j++) {
// 獲取每個單元格
Cell cell = sheet.getCell(j, i);
System.out.print(cell.getContents()+"\t");
}
System.out.println();
}
// 釋放資源
workBook.close();
}
}
2-3 POI建立Excel
在POM文件中添加以下相關依賴
<!-- 支持Excel 操做 POI -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.poi</groupId>
<artifactId>poi</artifactId>
<version>3.16</version>
</dependency>
<!-- 支持簡化文件操做 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>commons-io</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-io</artifactId>
<version>2.5</version>
</dependency>
代碼演示：
package com.myimooc.one;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFCell;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFRow;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFSheet;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFWorkbook;
/**
* 經過 POI 建立 Excel 文件
* @author ZhangCheng on 2017-07-06
*
*/
public class PoiCreateExcel {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
create();
System.out.println("建立成功");
} catch (Exception e) {
System.out.println("建立失敗，異常爲：" + e);
}
}
/**
* 功能：建立 Excel 文件
* @throws Exception
*/
public static void create()throws Exception{
// 定義Excel文件路徑
File file = new File("d:/poi_test.xls");
// 建立文件
file.createNewFile();
// 定義 數組存表頭
String[] title = {"id","name","sex"};
// 建立Excel工做簿
HSSFWorkbook workBook = new HSSFWorkbook();
// 建立工做表sheet
HSSFSheet sheet = workBook.createSheet();
// 建立第一行
HSSFRow row = sheet.createRow(0);
HSSFCell cell = null;
// 將表頭寫入第一行
for (int i = 0; i < title.length; i++) {
cell = row.createCell(i);
cell.setCellValue(title[i]);
}
// 追加數據
for (int i = 1; i < 10; i++) {
HSSFRow nextRow = sheet.createRow(i);
HSSFCell cell2 = nextRow.createCell(0);
cell2.setCellValue("a"+i);
cell2 = nextRow.createCell(1);
cell2.setCellValue("user"+i);
cell2 = nextRow.createCell(2);
cell2.setCellValue("男");
}
// 將Excel內容寫入文件
FileOutputStream stream = FileUtils.openOutputStream(file);
workBook.write(stream);
// 釋放資源
stream.close();
workBook.close();
}
}
2-4 POI解析Excel
代碼演示：
package com.myimooc.one;
import java.io.File;
import org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFCell;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFRow;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFSheet;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFWorkbook;
/**
* 經過 POI 解析 Excel 文件
* @author ZhangCheng on 2017-07-06
*
*/
public class PoiReadExcel {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
read();
System.out.println("解析成功");
} catch (Exception e) {
System.out.println("解析失敗，異常爲：" + e);
}
}
/**
* 功能：解析 Excel 文件
* @throws Exception
*/
public static void read()throws Exception{
// 指定須要解析excel文件的路徑
File file = new File("d:/poi_test.xls");
// 建立工做簿
HSSFWorkbook workBook = new HSSFWorkbook(FileUtils.openInputStream(file));
// 讀取sheet頁
HSSFSheet sheet = workBook.getSheetAt(0);
// 讀取工做表中的數據
int firstRowNum = sheet.getFirstRowNum();
int lastRowNum = sheet.getLastRowNum();
for (int i = firstRowNum; i < lastRowNum; i++) {
// 循環讀取每一行數據
HSSFRow row = sheet.getRow(i);
// 獲取當前行最後單元格列號
int lastCellNum = row.getLastCellNum();
for (int j = 0; j < lastCellNum; j++) {
// 循環讀取當前行中的每個單元格
HSSFCell cell = row.getCell(j);
String value = cell.getStringCellValue();
System.out.print(value+"\t");
}
System.out.println();
}
// 釋放資源
workBook.close();
}
}
2-5 XSSF建立高版本Excel
在POM文件中添加如下相關依賴：
<!-- 支持高版本Excel操做 POI 的XSSF start -->
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.apache.poi/poi-scratchpad -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.poi</groupId>
<artifactId>poi-scratchpad</artifactId>
<version>3.16</version>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.apache.poi/poi-ooxml -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.poi</groupId>
<artifactId>poi-ooxml</artifactId>
<version>3.16</version>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.apache.poi/poi-ooxml-schemas -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.poi</groupId>
<artifactId>poi-ooxml-schemas</artifactId>
<version>3.16</version>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.apache.poi/poi-examples -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.poi</groupId>
<artifactId>poi-examples</artifactId>
<version>3.16</version>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.apache.poi/poi-excelant -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.poi</groupId>
<artifactId>poi-excelant</artifactId>
<version>3.16</version>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.apache.xmlbeans/xmlbeans -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.xmlbeans</groupId>
<artifactId>xmlbeans</artifactId>
<version>2.6.0</version>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/dom4j/dom4j -->
<dependency>
<groupId>dom4j</groupId>
<artifactId>dom4j</artifactId>
<version>1.6.1</version>
</dependency>
<!-- 支持高版本Excel操做 POI 的XSSF end -->
代碼演示：
package com.myimooc.one;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils;
import org.apache.poi.xssf.usermodel.XSSFCell;
import org.apache.poi.xssf.usermodel.XSSFRow;
import org.apache.poi.xssf.usermodel.XSSFSheet;
import org.apache.poi.xssf.usermodel.XSSFWorkbook;
/**
* 經過 POI 的 XSSF 建立高版本的 Excel 文件
* @author ZhangCheng on 2017-07-06
*
*/
public class PoiXssfCreateExcel {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
create();
System.out.println("建立成功");
} catch (Exception e) {
System.out.println("建立失敗，異常爲：" + e);
}
}
/**
* 功能：建立 Excel 文件
* @throws Exception
*/
public static void create()throws Exception{
// 定義Excel文件路徑
File file = new File("d:/poisxxf_test.xlsx");
// 建立文件
file.createNewFile();
// 定義 數組存表頭
String[] title = {"id","name","sex"};
// 建立Excel工做簿
XSSFWorkbook workBook = new XSSFWorkbook();
// 建立工做表sheet
XSSFSheet sheet = workBook.createSheet();
// 建立第一行
XSSFRow row = sheet.createRow(0);
XSSFCell cell = null;
// 將表頭寫入第一行
for (int i = 0; i < title.length; i++) {
cell = row.createCell(i);
cell.setCellValue(title[i]);
}
// 追加數據
for (int i = 1; i < 10; i++) {
XSSFRow nextRow = sheet.createRow(i);
XSSFCell cell2 = nextRow.createCell(0);
cell2.setCellValue("a"+i);
cell2 = nextRow.createCell(1);
cell2.setCellValue("user"+i);
cell2 = nextRow.createCell(2);
cell2.setCellValue("男");
}
// 將Excel內容寫入文件
FileOutputStream stream = FileUtils.openOutputStream(file);
workBook.write(stream);
// 釋放資源
stream.close();
workBook.close();
}
}
第三章：導入模版定製
3-1 生成規則
使用場景
用戶想導入excel文件，在這以前，首先須要下載一個導入模版，按照模版規則填寫數據。而後，在把這個excel文件導入到系統之中。根據業務的不一樣，導出的excel模版也是各類各樣的。
利用xml解析技術，肯定模版樣式
肯定模版列 定義標題（合併單元格） 定義列名（表頭） 定義數據區域單元格樣式
XML配置模版樣式代碼演示：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<excel id="student" code="student" name="學生信息導入">
<colgroup>
<col index="A" width='17em'></col>
<col index="B" width='17em'></col>
<col index="C" width='17em'></col>
<col index="D" width='17em'></col>
<col index="E" width='17em'></col>
<col index="F" width='17em'></col>
</colgroup>
<title>
<tr height="16px">
<td rowspan="1" colspan="6" value="學生信息導入" />
</tr>
</title>
<thead>
<tr height="16px">
<th value="編號" />
<th value="姓名" />
<th value="年齡" />
<th value="性別" />
<th value="出生日期" />
<th value=" 愛好" />
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr height="16px" firstrow="2" firstcol="0" repeat="5">
<td type="string" isnullable="false" maxlength="30" /><!--用戶編號 -->
<td type="string" isnullable="false" maxlength="50" /><!--姓名 -->
<td type="numeric" format="##0" isnullable="false" /><!--年齡 -->
<td type="enum" format="男,女" isnullable="true" /><!--性別 -->
<td type="date" isnullable="false" maxlength="30" /><!--出生日期 -->
<td type="enum" format="足球,籃球,乒乓球" isnullable="true" /><!--愛好 -->
</tr>
</tbody>
</excel>
3-2 設置列寬及標題
在POM文件中添加xml解析相關依賴
<!-- 導入模塊定製，支持xml解析 start -->
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.jdom/jdom -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.jdom</groupId>
<artifactId>jdom</artifactId>
<version>2.0.2</version>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.apache.commons/commons-lang3 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-lang3</artifactId>
<version>3.6</version>
</dependency>
<!-- 導入模塊定製，支持xml解析 end -->
代碼演示：
// 獲取項目根路徑
String rootPath = System.getProperty("user.dir");
// 獲取解析xml文件路徑
String path = rootPath + "/src/main/resources/student2.xml";
System.out.println(path);
File file = new File(path);
// 解析xml文件
SAXBuilder builder = new SAXBuilder();
Document parse = builder.build(file);
// 建立excel
HSSFWorkbook wb = new HSSFWorkbook();
// 建立sheet
HSSFSheet sheet = wb.createSheet("sheet0");
// 獲取xml文件根節點
Element root = parse.getRootElement();
// 獲取模版名稱
String templateName = root.getAttribute("name").getValue();
int rownum = 0;
int column = 0;
// 設置列寬
Element colgroup = root.getChild("colgroup");
setColumnWidth(sheet,colgroup);
// 設置標題
Element title = root.getChild("title");
List<Element> trs = title.getChildren("tr");
for (int i = 0; i < trs.size(); i++) {
Element tr = trs.get(i);
List<Element> tds = tr.getChildren("td");
// 建立一行
HSSFRow row = sheet.createRow(rownum);
// 設置樣式
HSSFCellStyle cellStyle = wb.createCellStyle();
cellStyle.setAlignment(HSSFCellStyle.ALIGN_CENTER);
for (column = 0; column < tds.size(); column++) {
Element td = tds.get(column);
// 建立單元格
HSSFCell cell = row.createCell(column);
Attribute rowSpan = td.getAttribute("rowspan");
Attribute colSpan = td.getAttribute("colspan");
Attribute value = td.getAttribute("value");
if(value != null){
String val = value.getValue();
cell.setCellValue(val);
int rspan = rowSpan.getIntValue() - 1;
int cspan = colSpan.getIntValue() - 1;
// 設置字體
HSSFFont font = wb.createFont();
font.setFontName("仿宋_GB2312");// 字體格式
font.setBoldweight(HSSFFont.BOLDWEIGHT_BOLD);// 字體加粗
//font.setFontHeight((short) 12);// 字體大小
font.setFontHeightInPoints((short) 12);
cellStyle.setFont(font);
cell.setCellStyle(cellStyle);
// 合併單元格
sheet.addMergedRegion(new CellRangeAddress(rspan, rspan, 0, cspan));
}
}
rownum ++;
}
3-3 設置表頭
代碼演示：
// 設置表頭
Element thead = root.getChild("thead");
trs = thead.getChildren("tr");
for (int i = 0; i < trs.size(); i++) {
Element tr = trs.get(i);
HSSFRow row = sheet.createRow(rownum);
List<Element> ths = tr.getChildren("th");
for (column = 0; column < ths.size(); column++) {
Element th = ths.get(column);
Attribute valueAttr = th.getAttribute("value");
HSSFCell cell = row.createCell(column);
if(valueAttr != null){
String value = valueAttr.getValue();
cell.setCellValue(value);
}
}
rownum ++;
}
3-4 數據區域樣式
代碼演示：
// 設置數據區域樣式
Element tbody = root.getChild("tbody");
Element tr = tbody.getChild("tr");
int repeat = tr.getAttribute("repeat").getIntValue();
List<Element> tds = tr.getChildren("td");
for (int i = 0; i < repeat; i++) {
HSSFRow row = sheet.createRow(rownum);
for (column = 0; column < tds.size(); column++) {
Element td = tds.get(column);
HSSFCell cell = row.createCell(column);
setType(wb,cell,td);
}
rownum ++;
}
本節完整代碼以下
1.exce模版配置xml文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<excel id="student" code="student" name="學生信息導入">
<colgroup>
<col index="A" width='17em'></col>
<col index="B" width='17em'></col>
<col index="C" width='17em'></col>
<col index="D" width='17em'></col>
<col index="E" width='17em'></col>
<col index="F" width='17em'></col>
</colgroup>
<title>
<tr height="16px">
<td rowspan="1" colspan="6" value="學生信息導入" />
</tr>
</title>
<thead>
<tr height="16px">
<th value="編號" />
<th value="姓名" />
<th value="年齡" />
<th value="性別" />
<th value="出生日期" />
<th value=" 愛好" />
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr height="16px" firstrow="2" firstcol="0" repeat="5">
<td type="string" isnullable="false" maxlength="30" /><!--用戶編號 -->
<td type="string" isnullable="false" maxlength="50" /><!--姓名 -->
<td type="numeric" format="##0" isnullable="false" /><!--年齡 -->
<td type="enum" format="男,女" isnullable="true" /><!--性別 -->
<td type="date" isnullable="false" maxlength="30" /><!--出生日期 -->
<td type="enum" format="足球,籃球,乒乓球" isnullable="true" /><!--愛好 -->
</tr>
</tbody>
</excel>
2.CreateTemplate類
package com.myimooc.one;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.util.List;
import org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils;
import org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.DVConstraint;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFCell;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFCellStyle;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFDataFormat;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFDataValidation;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFFont;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFRow;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFSheet;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFWorkbook;
import org.apache.poi.ss.util.CellRangeAddress;
import org.apache.poi.ss.util.CellRangeAddressList;
import org.jdom2.Attribute;
import org.jdom2.Document;
import org.jdom2.Element;
import org.jdom2.input.SAXBuilder;
/**
* 建立 Excel 模版文件
* @author ZhangCheng on 2017-07-06
*
*/
public class CreateTemplate {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
create();
System.out.println("建立成功");
} catch (Exception e) {
System.out.println("建立失敗，異常爲：" + e);
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
/**
* 功能：建立 Excel 模版文件
* @throws Exception
*/
@SuppressWarnings("deprecation")
public static void create()throws Exception{
// 獲取項目根路徑
String rootPath = System.getProperty("user.dir");
// 獲取解析xml文件路徑
String path = rootPath + "/src/main/resources/student2.xml";
System.out.println(path);
File file = new File(path);
// 解析xml文件
SAXBuilder builder = new SAXBuilder();
Document parse = builder.build(file);
// 建立excel
HSSFWorkbook wb = new HSSFWorkbook();
// 建立sheet
HSSFSheet sheet = wb.createSheet("sheet0");
// 獲取xml文件根節點
Element root = parse.getRootElement();
// 獲取模版名稱
String templateName = root.getAttribute("name").getValue();
int rownum = 0;
int column = 0;
// 設置列寬
Element colgroup = root.getChild("colgroup");
setColumnWidth(sheet,colgroup);
// 設置標題
Element title = root.getChild("title");
List<Element> trs = title.getChildren("tr");
for (int i = 0; i < trs.size(); i++) {
Element tr = trs.get(i);
List<Element> tds = tr.getChildren("td");
// 建立一行
HSSFRow row = sheet.createRow(rownum);
// 設置樣式
HSSFCellStyle cellStyle = wb.createCellStyle();
cellStyle.setAlignment(HSSFCellStyle.ALIGN_CENTER);
for (column = 0; column < tds.size(); column++) {
Element td = tds.get(column);
// 建立單元格
HSSFCell cell = row.createCell(column);
Attribute rowSpan = td.getAttribute("rowspan");
Attribute colSpan = td.getAttribute("colspan");
Attribute value = td.getAttribute("value");
if(value != null){
String val = value.getValue();
cell.setCellValue(val);
int rspan = rowSpan.getIntValue() - 1;
int cspan = colSpan.getIntValue() - 1;
// 設置字體
HSSFFont font = wb.createFont();
font.setFontName("仿宋_GB2312");// 字體格式
font.setBoldweight(HSSFFont.BOLDWEIGHT_BOLD);// 字體加粗
//font.setFontHeight((short) 12);// 字體大小
font.setFontHeightInPoints((short) 12);
cellStyle.setFont(font);
cell.setCellStyle(cellStyle);
// 合併單元格
sheet.addMergedRegion(new CellRangeAddress(rspan, rspan, 0, cspan));
}
}
rownum ++;
}
// 設置表頭
Element thead = root.getChild("thead");
trs = thead.getChildren("tr");
for (int i = 0; i < trs.size(); i++) {
Element tr = trs.get(i);
HSSFRow row = sheet.createRow(rownum);
List<Element> ths = tr.getChildren("th");
for (column = 0; column < ths.size(); column++) {
Element th = ths.get(column);
Attribute valueAttr = th.getAttribute("value");
HSSFCell cell = row.createCell(column);
if(valueAttr != null){
String value = valueAttr.getValue();
cell.setCellValue(value);
}
}
rownum ++;
}
// 設置數據區域樣式
Element tbody = root.getChild("tbody");
Element tr = tbody.getChild("tr");
int repeat = tr.getAttribute("repeat").getIntValue();
List<Element> tds = tr.getChildren("td");
for (int i = 0; i < repeat; i++) {
HSSFRow row = sheet.createRow(rownum);
for (column = 0; column < tds.size(); column++) {
Element td = tds.get(column);
HSSFCell cell = row.createCell(column);
setType(wb,cell,td);
}
rownum ++;
}
// 生成excel導入模版
File templateFile = new File("d:/" + templateName + ".xls");
templateFile.delete();
templateFile.createNewFile();
FileOutputStream stream = FileUtils.openOutputStream(templateFile);
wb.write(stream);
stream.close();
}
/**
* 功能：設置單元格樣式
* @param wb
* @param cell
* @param td
*/
@SuppressWarnings("deprecation")
private static void setType(HSSFWorkbook wb, HSSFCell cell, Element td) {
Attribute typeAttr = td.getAttribute("type");
String type = typeAttr.getValue();
HSSFDataFormat format = wb.createDataFormat();
HSSFCellStyle cellStyle = wb.createCellStyle();
if("NUMERIC".equalsIgnoreCase(type)){
cell.setCellType(HSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_NUMERIC);
Attribute formatAttr = td.getAttribute("format");
String formatValue = formatAttr.getValue();
formatValue = StringUtils.isNoneBlank(formatValue)?formatValue:"#,##0.00";
cellStyle.setDataFormat(format.getFormat(formatValue));
}else if("STRING".equalsIgnoreCase(type)){
cell.setCellValue("");
cell.setCellType(HSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_STRING);
cellStyle.setDataFormat(format.getFormat("@"));
}else if("DATE".equalsIgnoreCase(type)){
cell.setCellType(HSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_NUMERIC);
cellStyle.setDataFormat(format.getFormat("yyyy-MM-dd"));
}else if("ENUM".equalsIgnoreCase(type)){
CellRangeAddressList regions =
new CellRangeAddressList(cell.getRowIndex(),
cell.getRowIndex(), cell.getColumnIndex(), cell.getColumnIndex());
Attribute enumAttr = td.getAttribute("format");
String enumValue = enumAttr.getValue();
// 加載下拉列表內容
DVConstraint constraint =
DVConstraint.createExplicitListConstraint(enumValue.split(","));
// 數據有效性對象
HSSFDataValidation dataValidation = new HSSFDataValidation(regions, constraint);
wb.getSheetAt(0).addValidationData(dataValidation);
}
cell.setCellStyle(cellStyle);
}
/**
* 功能：設置工做表列寬
* @param sheet 工做表
* @param colgroup
*/
private static void setColumnWidth(HSSFSheet sheet, Element colgroup) {
List<Element> cols = colgroup.getChildren("col");
for (int i = 0; i < cols.size(); i++) {
// 獲取每一列的設置
Element col = cols.get(i);
Attribute width = col.getAttribute("width");
// 寬度單位
String unit = width.getValue().replaceAll("[0-9,\\.]", "");
String value = width.getValue().replaceAll(unit, "");
int v = 0;
if(StringUtils.isBlank(unit) || "px".equals(unit)){
v = Math.round(Float.parseFloat(value) *37F);
}else if("em".endsWith(unit)){
v = Math.round(Float.parseFloat(value) *267.5F);
}
// 設置寬度
sheet.setColumnWidth(i, v);
}
}
}
第四章：文件導入
4-1 環境搭建
教學使用環境
Struts2 Jquery EasyUI MySql數據庫
我的學習環境
Spring Boot Jquery EasyUI MySql數據庫
建立一個名爲myexcelweb的項目，POM文件以下：
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.myimooc</groupId>
<artifactId>myexcelweb</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<packaging>jar</packaging>
<name>myexcelweb</name>
<url>http://maven.apache.org</url>
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>1.5.1.RELEASE</version>
<relativePath /> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
</parent>
<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-freemarker</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!-- 支持Excel 操做 POI -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.poi</groupId>
<artifactId>poi</artifactId>
<version>3.16</version>
</dependency>
<!-- 支持簡化文件操做 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>commons-io</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-io</artifactId>
<version>2.5</version>
</dependency>
<!-- 支持文件上傳 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>commons-fileupload</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-fileupload</artifactId>
<version>1.3.1</version>
</dependency>
<!-- 支持高版本Excel操做 POI 的XSSF start -->
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.apache.poi/poi-scratchpad -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.poi</groupId>
<artifactId>poi-scratchpad</artifactId>
<version>3.16</version>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.apache.poi/poi-ooxml -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.poi</groupId>
<artifactId>poi-ooxml</artifactId>
<version>3.16</version>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.apache.poi/poi-ooxml-schemas -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.poi</groupId>
<artifactId>poi-ooxml-schemas</artifactId>
<version>3.16</version>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.apache.poi/poi-examples -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.poi</groupId>
<artifactId>poi-examples</artifactId>
<version>3.16</version>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.apache.poi/poi-excelant -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.poi</groupId>
<artifactId>poi-excelant</artifactId>
<version>3.16</version>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.apache.xmlbeans/xmlbeans -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.xmlbeans</groupId>
<artifactId>xmlbeans</artifactId>
<version>2.6.0</version>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/dom4j/dom4j -->
<dependency>
<groupId>dom4j</groupId>
<artifactId>dom4j</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!-- 支持高版本Excel操做 POI 的XSSF end -->
<!-- 導入模塊定製，支持xml解析 start -->
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.jdom/jdom -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.jdom</groupId>
<artifactId>jdom</artifactId>
<version>2.0.2</version>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.apache.commons/commons-lang3 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-lang3</artifactId>
<version>3.6</version>
</dependency>
<!-- 導入模塊定製，支持xml解析 end -->
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
<configuration>
<source>1.8</source>
<target>1.8</target>
</configuration>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
4-2 導入模版下載（上）
說明：因爲代碼量太大，這裏僅展現部分頁面效果。具體源碼可到我github地址查看。
課程視頻的第四章和第五章是純代碼講解，我也不知道該怎樣來組織須要展現的內容了。
後端結構圖
前端結構圖
4-3 導入模版下載（下）
部分代碼：
package com.myimooc.myexcelweb.web.controller;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFCell;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFRow;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFSheet;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFWorkbook;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import org.springframework.web.multipart.MultipartFile;
import com.myimooc.myexcelweb.domain.model.ImportData;
import com.myimooc.myexcelweb.domain.model.ImportDataDetail;
import com.myimooc.myexcelweb.domain.vo.Template;
import com.myimooc.myexcelweb.service.ImportDataDeatilService;
import com.myimooc.myexcelweb.service.ImportDataService;
import com.myimooc.myexcelweb.util.CreateTemplateUtils;
import com.myimooc.myexcelweb.util.DateUtils;
/**
* 數據導入相關 rest 接口
* @author ZhangCheng on 2017-07-08
*
*/
@RestController
public class ImportDataController {
private static Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(ImportDataController.class);
@Autowired
private ImportDataService importDataService;
@Autowired
private ImportDataDeatilService importDataDeatilService;
/**
* 功能：獲取導入列表數據
*/
@RequestMapping("importdata-list")
public Object importdataList(){
Map<String,Object> respData = new HashMap<String,Object>();
List<ImportData> importDataList = importDataService.list();
respData.put("total", importDataList.size());
respData.put("rows", importDataList);
return importDataList;
}
/**
* 功能：獲取導入數據模版
*/
@RequestMapping("importdata-templates")
public Object importdataTemplates(){
List<Template> list = new ArrayList<Template>();
Template t = new Template();
t.setTemplateId("student");
t.setTemplateName("student");
list.add(t);
return list;
}
/**
* 功能：數據導入
*/
@SuppressWarnings("deprecation")
@PostMapping("importdata-upload")
public Object importdataUpload(MultipartFile file){
if(null == file){
return "上傳失敗，文件爲空";
}
try {
String fileName = file.getName();
String filePath = getClass().getClassLoader().getResource("config/excel/").getPath()+fileName;
File excelFile = new File(filePath);
FileUtils.writeByteArrayToFile(excelFile, file.getBytes());
ImportData importData = new ImportData();
Long importDataId = DateUtils.getTimeInstant();
importData.setId(importDataId);
importData.setImport_data_type("student");
importData.setImport_status(1+"");
importData.setImport_date(DateUtils.nowToString());
importDataService.save(importData);
// 建立工做簿
HSSFWorkbook workBook = new HSSFWorkbook(file.getInputStream());
// 讀取sheet頁
HSSFSheet sheet = workBook.getSheetAt(0);
// 讀取工做表中的數據
int firstRowNum = 1;
int lastRowNum = sheet.getLastRowNum();
List<ImportDataDetail> importDataDetailList = new ArrayList<ImportDataDetail>();
for (int i = firstRowNum; i < lastRowNum; i++) {
// 循環讀取每一行數據
HSSFRow row = sheet.getRow(i);
// 獲取當前行最後單元格列號
int lastCellNum = row.getLastCellNum();
ImportDataDetail importDataDetail = new ImportDataDetail();
for (int j = 0; j < lastCellNum; j++) {
// 循環讀取當前行中的每個單元格
HSSFCell cell = row.getCell(j);
String value = "";
int type = cell.getCellType();
if(HSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_NUMERIC == type){
value = cell.getNumericCellValue() + "";
System.out.print(value+"\t");
}else{
value = cell.getStringCellValue();
System.out.print(value+"\t");
}
System.out.print(value+"\t");
switch(j){
case 0:
importDataDetail.setCol0(value);
case 1:
importDataDetail.setCol1(value);
case 2:
importDataDetail.setCol2(value);
case 3:
importDataDetail.setCol3(value);
case 4:
importDataDetail.setCol4(value);
case 5:
importDataDetail.setCol5(value);
case 6:
importDataDetail.setCol6(value);
}
importDataDetail.setDeal_status(1+"");
importDataDetail.setImport_id(importDataId);
importDataDetail.setId(DateUtils.getTimeInstant()+Math.round(DateUtils.getTimeInstant()));
}
System.out.println();
importDataDetailList.add(importDataDetail);
}
// 釋放資源
workBook.close();
importDataDeatilService.save(importDataDetailList);
importData = importDataService.findOne(importDataId);
importData.setDeal_date(DateUtils.nowToString());
importData.setDeal_status(1+"");
importDataService.save(importData);
return "上傳成功";
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return "上傳失敗";
}
/**
* 功能：下載導入數據模版
*/
@RequestMapping("download")
public void download(HttpServletRequest request,HttpServletResponse response,String templateId){
String fileName = "student.xls";
response.setContentType("application/octet-stream");
response.setHeader("Content-Disposition", "attachment;filename="+fileName);
String xmlPath = getClass().getClassLoader().getResource("config/excel/student.xml").getPath();
String filePath = getClass().getClassLoader().getResource("config/excel/").getPath();
File xmlFile = new File(xmlPath);
File excelFile = new File(filePath + fileName);
try {
CreateTemplateUtils.create(xmlFile,excelFile);
logger.info("建立成功：{}",excelFile.getName());
InputStream in = FileUtils.openInputStream(excelFile);
int b;
while((b=in.read())!= -1)
{
response.getOutputStream().write(b);
}
} catch (Exception e) {
logger.info("建立失敗，異常爲：{}",e);
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
第五章：列表數據導出
5-1 數據導出實現過程
文件導出實現過程 獲取列表表頭信息 獲取符合查詢條件的數據 生成Excel文件
5-2 獲取數據類及方法
5-3 前臺實現
這裏是使用easyui進行前端開發。
5-4 後臺實現
package com.myimooc.myexcelweb.web.controller;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
import java.net.URLEncoder;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFCell;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFRow;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFSheet;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFWorkbook;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import com.myimooc.myexcelweb.domain.model.Student;
import com.myimooc.myexcelweb.service.StudentService;
/**
* 學生信息相關 rest 接口
* @author ZhangCheng on 2017-07-08
*
*/
@RestController
public class StudentController {
private static Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(ImportDataController.class);
@Autowired
private StudentService studentService;
/**
* 功能：獲取學生信息列表
*/
@RequestMapping("student-list")
public Object studentList(){
logger.info("獲取學生信息");
Map<String,Object> respData = new HashMap<String,Object>();
List<Student> studentList = studentService.list();
respData.put("total", studentList.size());
respData.put("rows", studentList);
return respData;
}
/**
* 功能：導出學生信息列表爲excel
*/
@RequestMapping("student-export")
public void studentExport(HttpServletRequest request,HttpServletResponse response,String templateId){
String fileName = "學生信息.xls";
String enfileName = "";
response.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
response.setContentType("application/octet-stream");
try {
enfileName = URLEncoder.encode(fileName, "UTF-8");
} catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e1) {
e1.printStackTrace();
}
response.setHeader("Content-Disposition", "attachment;filename="+enfileName);
List<Student> studentList = studentService.list();
// 定義 數組存表頭
String[] title = {"編號","姓名","年齡","性別","出生日期","愛好"};
// 建立Excel工做簿
HSSFWorkbook workBook = new HSSFWorkbook();
// 建立工做表sheet
HSSFSheet sheet = workBook.createSheet("學生信息");
// 建立第一行
HSSFRow row = sheet.createRow(0);
HSSFCell cell = null;
// 將表頭寫入第一行
for (int i = 0; i < title.length; i++) {
cell = row.createCell(i);
cell.setCellValue(title[i]);
}
// 追加數據
for (int i = 1; i < studentList.size(); i++) {
Student student = studentList.get(i);
HSSFRow nextRow = sheet.createRow(i);
HSSFCell cell2 = nextRow.createCell(0);
cell2.setCellValue(student.getStunum());
cell2 = nextRow.createCell(1);
cell2.setCellValue(student.getStuname());
cell2 = nextRow.createCell(2);
cell2.setCellValue(student.getStuage());
cell2 = nextRow.createCell(3);
cell2.setCellValue(student.getStusex());
cell2 = nextRow.createCell(4);
cell2.setCellValue(student.getStubirthday());
cell2 = nextRow.createCell(5);
cell2.setCellValue(student.getStuhobby());
}
String filePath = getClass().getClassLoader().getResource("config/excel/").getPath();
File excelFile = new File(filePath + fileName);
try {
// 將Excel內容寫入文件
FileOutputStream stream = FileUtils.openOutputStream(excelFile);
workBook.write(stream);
// 釋放資源
stream.close();
workBook.close();
logger.info("建立成功：{}",excelFile.getName());
InputStream in = FileUtils.openInputStream(excelFile);
int b;
while((b=in.read())!= -1)
{
response.getOutputStream().write(b);
}
} catch (Exception e) {
logger.info("建立失敗，異常爲：{}",e);
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
第六章：課程總結
6-1 課程總結
課程總結
讀寫Excel幾種經常使用技術 模版定製原理 文件導入導出
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