爬取所有的校園新聞

本次做業要求來自於：https://edu.cnblogs.com/campus/gzcc/GZCC-16SE1/homework/3002

程序準備：

# 導入須要用到的類包
import re
import requests
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
from datetime import datetime
import time
import random
import pandas as pd

0.重新聞url獲取點擊次數，並整理成函數

# 新聞點擊次數
def clickCounts(url):
    id = re.findall('\d+',url)[-1]
    clickUrl = "http://oa.gzcc.cn/api.php?op=count&id={}&modelid=80".format(id)
    clickStruct = requests.get(clickUrl).text
    clickCounts = int(clickStruct.split('.html')[-1][2:-3])
    return clickCounts

 1.重新聞url獲取新聞詳情： 字典,anews 

# 新聞的發佈時間
def newsdt(showInfo):
    newsDate = showInfo.split()[0].split(':')[1]
    newsTime = showInfo.split()[1]
    newsDT = newsDate + ' ' + newsTime
    dt = datetime.strptime(newsDT,'%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')
    return dt

# 一篇新聞概況
def anews(url):
    newsDetail = {}
    res = requests.get(url)
    res.encoding = 'utf-8'
    soup = BeautifulSoup(res.text,'html.parser')
    newsDetail['newsTitle'] = soup.select('.show-title')[0].text
    showInfo = soup.select('.show-info')[0].text
    newsDetail['newsDT'] = newsdt(showInfo)
    newsDetail['newsClick'] = clickCounts(url)
    return newsDetail

# 測試爬出一篇新聞報道的概況
newsUrl = "http://news.gzcc.cn/html/2019/xiaoyuanxinwen_0404/11155.html"
print(anews(newsUrl))

運行示例：

2.從列表頁的url獲取新聞url：列表append(字典) alist 

# 從列表頁的url獲取新聞url
def alist(listUrl):
    res = requests.get(listUrl)
    res.encoding = 'utf-8'
    soup = BeautifulSoup(res.text,'html.parser')
    newsList = []
    for news in soup.select('li'):
        if len(news.select('.news-list-title'))>0:
            newsUrl = news.select('a')[0]['href']
            newsDesc = news.select('.news-list-description')[0].text
            newsDict = anews(newsUrl)
            newsDict['newsUrl'] = newsUrl
            newsDict['description'] = newsDesc
            newsList.append(newsDict)
    return newsList

# 測試爬出一頁新聞報道的概況
listUrl = 'http://news.gzcc.cn/html/xiaoyuanxinwen/'
allnews = alist(listUrl)
for newtro in allnews:
    print(newtro)

運行示例：

3.生成全部列表頁的url並獲取所有新聞 ：列表extend(列表) allnews

*每一個同窗爬學號尾數開始的10個列表頁

# 爬學號尾數開始的10個列表頁
allnews = []
for i in range(25,35):
    listUrl = 'http://news.gzcc.cn/html/xiaoyuanxinwen/{}.html'.format(i)
    allnews.extend(alist(listUrl))

# 測試爬出所在網站所選頁新聞報道的概況
for n in allnews:
    print(n)
print(len(allnews))#統計所爬取的新聞總數

運行示例：

4.設置合理的爬取間隔

import time

import random

time.sleep(random.random()*3)

5.用pandas作簡單的數據處理並保存

保存到csv或excel文件 

# 用pandas作簡單的數據處理
newsdf = pd.DataFrame(allnews)
for i in range(5):
    print(i)
    time.sleep(random.random() * 3)#設置時間間隔爬取並輸出到控制檯
    print(newsdf)
# 保存到本地csv文件
newsdf.to_csv(r'D:\gzccnews.csv',encoding='utf-8')

運行示例：

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