數據庫事務的隔離級別有4個,由低到高依次爲Read uncommitted 、Read committed 、Repeatable read 、Serializablejava
髒讀 | 不可重複讀 | 幻讀 | |
---|---|---|---|
Read uncommitted | √ | √ | √ |
Read committed | × | √ | √ |
Repeatable read | × | × | √ |
Serializable | × | × | × |
髒讀 | 一個事務讀取到了另外一個事務改寫但未提交的數據,若是這些數據被回滾,則讀到的數據是無效的 |
不可重複讀 | 在同一個事務中,屢次讀取同一數據返回的結果不一樣。也就是說,後續讀取能夠讀到另外一事務已提交的更新數據 |
幻讀 | 幻讀是指當事務不是獨立執行時發生的一種現象,例如第一個事務對一個表中的數據進行了修改,這種修改涉及到表中的所有數據行。同時,第二個事務也修改這個表中的數據,這種修改是向表中插入一行新數據。那麼,之後就會發生操做第一個事務的用戶發現表中還有沒有修改的數據行,就好象發生了幻覺同樣。 |
當事務方法被另外一個事務方法調用時,必須指定事務應該如何傳播。spring
事務傳播行爲類型 | 說明 |
PROPAGATION_REQUIRED | 支持當前事務,若是不存在,就建立一個(默認的傳播行爲) |
PROPAGATION_SUPPORTS | 支持當前事務,若是不存在,就不使用事務 |
PROPAGATION_MANDATORY | 支持當前事務,若是不存在,就拋出異常 |
PROPAGATION_REQUIRES_NEW | 若是有事務存在,掛起當前事務,建立一個新的事務 |
PROPAGATION_NOT_SUPPORTED | 以非事務方式運行,若是有事務存在,掛起當前事務 |
PROPAGATION_NEVER | 以非事務方式運行, 若是有事務存在,拋出異常 |
PROPAGATION_NESTED | 若是當前事務存在,就嵌套事務執行(只對DataSourceTransactionManager起效) |
總結下就是:數據庫
支持當前事務: REQUIRED、SUPPORTS、MANDATORY (刪除訂單、刪除用戶 )
不支持當前事務:REQUIRES_NEW、NOT_SUPPORTED、NEVER (ATM取款、打印憑條 )
嵌套事務:NESTED ,使用Jdbc Connection SavePoint技術,容許在事務過程當中回滾到某個保存點,只對DataSourceTransactionManager 有效express
在程序代碼中,加入事務管理代碼,有代碼侵入事務管理方式 ,如今不多使用,不方便,靈活性較差
1)在spring 配置TransactionManager 事務管理器
2)將TransactionManager對象 注入 TransactionTemplate對象
3)將TransactionTemplate對象 注入 應用代碼中
4)添加事務控制編程
transactionTemplate.execute(new TransactionCallbackWithoutResult(){ doInTransaction(){ //添加被事務管理的代碼 } });
底層緣由,使用Spring AOP 思想,環繞通知加強,在不修改源目標代碼狀況下,動態添加功能加強session
try { //開啓事務 //被事務管理代碼 //提交事務 }catch{ //回滾事務 }
聲明式事務管理,不須要改動目標代碼,靈活性更強,更便於使用。dom
Spring配置文件中關於事務配置老是由三個組成部分,分別是DataSource、TransactionManager和代理機制這三部分,不管哪一種配置方式,通常變化的只是代理機制這部分。this
DataSource、TransactionManager這兩部分只是會根據數據訪問方式有所變化,好比使用hibernate進行數據訪問時,DataSource實際爲SessionFactory,TransactionManager的實現爲HibernateTransactionManager。參考下圖spa
根據代理機制的不一樣,共有5中配置方式.net
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd"> <bean id="sessionFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean"> <property name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" /> <property name="configurationClass" value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" /> </bean> <!-- 定義事務管理器(聲明式的事務) --> <bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager"> <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" /> </bean> <!-- 配置DAO --> <bean id="userDaoTarget" class="com.bluesky.spring.dao.UserDaoImpl"> <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" /> </bean> <bean id="userDao" class="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionProxyFactoryBean"> <!-- 配置事務管理器 --> <property name="transactionManager" ref="transactionManager" /> <property name="target" ref="userDaoTarget" /> <property name="proxyInterfaces" value="com.bluesky.spring.dao.GeneratorDao" /> <!-- 配置事務屬性 --> <property name="transactionAttributes"> <props> <prop key="*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop> </props> </property> </bean> </beans>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd"> <bean id="sessionFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean"> <property name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" /> <property name="configurationClass" value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" /> </bean> <!-- 定義事務管理器(聲明式的事務) --> <bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager"> <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" /> </bean> <bean id="transactionBase" class="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionProxyFactoryBean" lazy-init="true" abstract="true"> <!-- 配置事務管理器 --> <property name="transactionManager" ref="transactionManager" /> <!-- 配置事務屬性 --> <property name="transactionAttributes"> <props> <prop key="*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop> </props> </property> </bean> <!-- 配置DAO --> <bean id="userDaoTarget" class="com.bluesky.spring.dao.UserDaoImpl"> <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" /> </bean> <bean id="userDao" parent="transactionBase" > <property name="target" ref="userDaoTarget" /> </bean> </beans>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd"> <bean id="sessionFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean"> <property name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" /> <property name="configurationClass" value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" /> </bean> <!-- 定義事務管理器(聲明式的事務) --> <bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager"> <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" /> </bean> <bean id="transactionInterceptor" class="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionInterceptor"> <property name="transactionManager" ref="transactionManager" /> <!-- 配置事務屬性 --> <property name="transactionAttributes"> <props> <prop key="*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop> </props> </property> </bean> <bean class="org.springframework.aop.framework.autoproxy.BeanNameAutoProxyCreator"> <property name="beanNames"> <list> <value>*Dao</value> </list> </property> <property name="interceptorNames"> <list> <value>transactionInterceptor</value> </list> </property> </bean> <!-- 配置DAO --> <bean id="userDao" class="com.bluesky.spring.dao.UserDaoImpl"> <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" /> </bean> </beans>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.5.xsd"> <context:annotation-config /> <context:component-scan base-package="com.bluesky" /> <bean id="sessionFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean"> <property name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" /> <property name="configurationClass" value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" /> </bean> <!-- 定義事務管理器(聲明式的事務) --> <bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager"> <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" /> </bean> <tx:advice id="txAdvice" transaction-manager="transactionManager"> <tx:attributes> <tx:method name="*" propagation="REQUIRED" /> </tx:attributes> </tx:advice> <aop:config> <aop:pointcut id="interceptorPointCuts" expression="execution(* com.bluesky.spring.dao.*.*(..))" /> <aop:advisor advice-ref="txAdvice" pointcut-ref="interceptorPointCuts" /> </aop:config> </beans>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.5.xsd"> <context:annotation-config /> <context:component-scan base-package="com.bluesky" /> <tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="transactionManager"/> <bean id="sessionFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean"> <property name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" /> <property name="configurationClass" value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" /> </bean> <!-- 定義事務管理器(聲明式的事務) --> <bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager"> <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" /> </bean> </beans>
此時在DAO上需加上@Transactional註解,以下:
package com.bluesky.spring.dao; import java.util.List; import org.hibernate.SessionFactory; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.support.HibernateDaoSupport; import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; import com.bluesky.spring.domain.User; @Transactional @Component("userDao") public class UserDaoImpl extends HibernateDaoSupport implements UserDao { public List<User> listUsers() { return this.getSession().createQuery("from User").list(); } }
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